A long Canadian tradition has promoted the rise of multicultural education. In this multicultural society, ways to deal with the cultural differences in the teaching of Chinese to students with various backgrounds and needs have always been a challenging task. A review of the literature revealed that little research has focused on Chinese pronunciation teaching in Canada. In order to understand the teaching of Chinese pronunciation in Canadian universities, this study examines Integrated Chinese (Liu, Yao, et al., 2016), a Chinese textbook widely used in Canada. The study also qualitatively analyses two teachers' self-evaluations and their teaching experiences, as gathered from surveys and interviews. The results of the study aim to inform both seasoned and novice teachers in their work in the Canadian post-secondary context and to offer practical pedagogical recommendations for consideration. / Graduate

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The history and evolution of nursing ethics situate caring as a central value of nursing. Since ancient times, codes of conduct, developed by societies, have protected the vulnerable. The value system of nursing in South Africa and Namibia is derived from Christian missionaries who hailed from England and Europe. Florence Nightingale is recognised as the founder of modern nursing and established a firm ethical foundation for nursing. Nursing ethics education has various aims, i.e. promotion of ethical insight of nurses and protection of patients. Ethics education is confronted daily with many challenges with continuous efforts to address these challenges through innovations. Throughout its history, the nursing profession has responded to moral challenges by developing ethical codes with guiding principles for nursing practice. An ethic of care gained ground as an important approach in nursing practice. The values and obligations proclaimed in the codes of ethics of some countries and the International Council of Nurses reveal shared values and beliefs in nursing. These codes of ethics describe the obligation of nurses towards patients, the nursing profession, society, co-workers and themselves as individual nurses. Nurses ought to develop certain required character traits. Aristotle’s ideas on intellectual virtues and practical wisdom specifically may provide nursing ethics educators with a viable approach in the teaching-learning of nursing ethics. The status of nursing ethics education in South Africa and Namibia revealed variability in most aspects of undergraduate nursing ethics education in institutions of higher education. This lack of standardisation complicates assessment of the quality of nursing ethics education. Nursing ethics educators in South Africa and Namibia identified challenges regarding the teaching-learning environment, practising nurses, students and educators as well as challenges related to the regulatory authorities and political and legislative framework. Suggestions to address these challenges were also offered by the nursing ethics educators. The effective internalisation of nursing values requires the efforts of nursing educators, students, practising nurses as well as stakeholders beyond institutions of higher learning. A critical assessment of nursing ethics education in South Africa and Namibia highlighted certain deficiencies in relation to regulatory and managerial aspects in nursing education and various issues related to nursing education generally and nursing ethics education specifically. Improving nursing ethics education needs nursing ethics educator specialisation, standardisation of ethics education and innovative teaching-learning strategies, including the inculcation of practical wisdom in nursing students. Health care facilities need upgrading, and practising nurses and educators must support nursing students effectively. Managerial and regulatory aspects need improvement. The challenges identified in this study can be resolved by improved collaboration amongst institutions of higher learning, nursing councils and service providers. Nursing ethics educators remain hopeful that nursing ethics education has the potential to be significantly improved both in South Africa and Namibia. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van verpleegetiek dui op versorging as die kernwaarde van verpleegkunde. Sedert die vroegste tye sien die gedragskodes wat deur samelewings ontwikkel word, na kwesbare lede van die gemeenskap om. Die waardestelsel van verpleegkunde in Suid-Afrika en Namibië kan teruggevoer word tot die Christen-sendelinge wat uit Engeland en Europa gekom het. Florence Nightingale word as die stigter van moderne verpleegkunde beskou en het ’n stewige etiese grondslag vir verpleegkunde gelê. Verpleegetiek onderrig het verskeie doelwitte, waaronder bevordering van die etiese insigte van verpleegkundigies en beskerming van pasiënte. Etiek onderrrig word daagliks gekonfronteer deur menige uitdagings met volgehoue pogings om hierdie uitdagings deur innovering aan te spreek. Oor die geskiedenis heen het die verpleegberoep op morele uitdagings gereageer deur etiekkodes met rigsnoere vir die verpleegpraktyk op te stel. Mettertyd het die etiek van versorging veld gewen as ’n belangrike benadering tot verpleegpraktyk. Die waardes en verpligtinge wat in die etiekkodes van sommige lande sowel as dié van die Internasionale Raad vir Verpleegkundiges vervat is, toon bepaalde gemeenskaplike beginsels en oortuigings. Hierdie etiekkodes beskryf verpleegkundiges se plig jeens pasiënte, die verpleegberoep, die samelewing, hul medewerkers én hulself as individuele verpleërs. Verpleegkundiges behoort sekere vereiste karaktereienskappe te ontwikkel. Veral Aristoteles se gedagtes oor intellektuele deugde en praktiese insig kan verpleegetiekopvoeders van ’n lewensvatbare benadering tot onderrig en leer op hul vakgebied voorsien. Tog bied hoëronderwysinstellings in Suid-Afrika en Namibië oënskynlik wisselende mates van voorgraadse verpleegetiekonderrig. Hierdie gebrek aan standaardisering maak dit moeilik om die werklike gehalte van verpleegetiekonderrig te bepaal. Die verpleegetiekopvoeders in Suid- Afrika en Namibië wat vir hierdie studie geraadpleeg is, maak melding van uitdagings met betrekking tot die onderrig- en leeromgewing, verpleegpraktisyns, studente en opvoeders, die reguleringsowerhede sowel as politieke en regskwessies. Die opvoeders het ook voorstelle gemaak oor hoe hierdie uitdagings hanteer kan word. Die doeltreffende internalisering van verpleegwaardes vereis toewyding van verpleegopvoeders, -studente en -praktisyns sowel as belanghebbendes buite hoëronderwysinstellings. ’n Kritiese beoordeling van verpleegetiekonderrig in Suid-Afrika en Namibië dui op bepaalde tekorte wat regulerings- en bestuursaspekte van verpleegonderrig betref, en ook verskeie uitdagings met betrekking tot verpleegonderrig oor die algemeen en verpleegetiekonderrig in die besonder. Die verbetering van verpleegetiekonderrig vereis spesialisering deur verpleegetiekopvoeders, die standaardisering van etiekonderrig, en innoverende onderrig- en leerstrategieë, onder meer die inskerping van praktiese insig by verpleegstudente. Gesondheidsorgfasiliteite moet opgeknap word en verpleegpraktisyns en -opvoeders moet verpleegstudente doeltreffend ondersteun. Ook bestuurs- en reguleringsaspekte moet verbeter word. Die uitdagings wat in hierdie studie na vore kom, kan die hoof gebied word deur beter samewerking tussen hoëronderwysinstellings, verpleegrade en diensverskaffers. Intussen bly verpleegetiekopvoeders vol hoop dat verpleegetiekonderrig in Suid-Afrika en Namibië verbeter kan word.

Rimlighetsbedömning är en väsentlig del av de kunskaper som behövs för att göra uppskattningar och olika beräkningar i matematikämnet. Det är också en del av människans vardag där det krävs en förståelse för vad som är rimligt och vad som är orimligt. Tidigare forskning har däremot visat att matematikundervisning tenderar att fokusera på hur man löser uppgifter med metoder som inte alltid passar för uppgiftens syfte, att uppgifter inte är verklighetsbaserade och att undervisningen inte lyfter fram elevers resonemangsförmåga. Vidare menar forskning att undervisningen behöver fokusera på elevers grundläggande taluppfattning för att utveckla en förståelse för rimlighetsbedömning. Studiens syfte är att fördjupa kunskap om undervisningsutmaningar relaterat till rimlighetsbedömning och förmågorna i kursplanen för matematik. Syftet besvaras genom följande frågeställningar: ”I vilken mån upplever lärarna att det finns undervisningsutmaningar med rimlighetsbedömning relaterat förmågorna i kursplanen för matematik?”, ”Vad utgörs undervisningsutmaningarna av?” och ”Vilka nycklar finns för att komma till rätta med undervisningsutmaningarna?”. Studien utgår från Systematisk Kartläggning av Undervisningsutmaningar, som är ett redskap som används för att synliggöra undervisningsutmaningar i relationen mellan centrala innehåll och förmågorna i kursplanen. Resultatet visar bland annat att de flesta relationer mellan rimlighetsbedömning och förmågorna är hanterbara och går att hantera med hjälp av beprövad erfarenhet och kollegialt arbete. Det har även framkommit att orsakerna och nycklarna till undervisningsutmaningar har ett samband och att det bland annat kan relateras till elevers taluppfattning och att de inte stannar upp och ifrågasätter det de utfört. I Diskussionen vägs resultatet mot tidigare forskning och det visar att orsakerna och nycklarna i utmaningarna stämmer överens med vad som framkommit i den tidigare forskningen. / Reasoning assessment is an essential component of the knowledge required to make estimates and various calculations in the field of mathematics. It is also a part of everyday life where an understanding of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable is necessary. However, previous research has indicated that mathematics education tends to focus on how to solve tasks using methods that may not always be suitable for the purpose of the task. Additionally, tasks often lack real-world contexts, and teaching practices do not sufficiently emphasize students' reasoning abilities. Furthermore, research suggests that instruction needs to concentrate on developing students' fundamental number sense to cultivate an understanding of reasoning assessment. The purpose of this study is to deepen our understanding of instructional challenges related to reasoning assessment and the abilities outlined in the mathematics curriculum. This purpose is addressed through the following research questions: "To what extent do teachers perceive instructional challenges in reasoning assessment related to the abilities outlined in the mathematics curriculum?" "What characterizes these instructional challenges?" and "What strategies can be employed to address these instructional challenges?". The study utilizes Systematic Mapping of Teaching Challenges, which is a tool used to identify teaching challenges in the relationship between core content and the abilities outlined in the curriculum. The results indicate, among other things, that most of the relationship between reasoning assessment and the abilities outlined in the curriculum are manageable and can be addressed through proven experience and collaborative work. It has also been revealed that the causes and key factors of teaching challenges are interconnected, including issues related to pupil's understanding of numbers and their failure to pause and question their work. In the discussion, the results are compared with previous research, and it is evident that the causes and key factors identified in the challenges align with the findings of previous studies.

Published Article / Teachers in Lesotho are confronted by a myriad of challenges, such as ensuring the meaningful inclusion of learners with impairments as well as adequately meeting their educational needs. This paper therefore, explores this challenge and how it impacts on teachers' abilities to deal it, and further recommend some teaching strategies to overcome it. An Attitudes Toward Inclusive Educational Scale (ATIES) questionnaire was adapted in this paper for the collection of data from 211 randomly-selected teachers from the Maseru and Berea districts of Lesotho. Findings as reported by teachers indicate, amongst many factors contributing to the challenges brought about by inclusive education, inadequate teacher training, inadequate resources, and a lack of support from authorities and parents. The revamp of classroom infrastructure and the review of teacher training approaches in Lesotho are vital policy imperatives to eradicate these educational challenges.

This study investigates the challenges in teaching learners experiencing barriers in mathematics at the intermediate phase in Tshwane South District. Relevant literature review reveals that teachers’ inadequate training and lack of supportive structure hinders their pedagogy, resulting in demoralisation, frustration, and a sense of inadequacy. Nonetheless it is teachers’ responsibility to make learning happen; the inclusive educational policy maintains that teachers are the prime engine of realizing educational goals. They are to support and accommodate diverse learners and meet their needs (Department of Education [DoE], 2001). In situations where contradicting factors wrestle and contend with pedagogy practice actualizing the desire goal of including and supporting all will be difficult. The study was conducted within the qualitative paradigm; specifically case study design was employed. Ten teachers were interviewed from five different settings. An inductive analysis method was used to analyze data. Findings of the study indicate various challenges in teaching learners experiencing barriers in mathematics. The findings revealed issues related to education such as: language barriers, overcrowded classes, the Gauteng Primary Language and Mathematic Strategies (GPLMS), lack of resource materials. Learners and teachers factors influencing mathematics teaching and availability of support strategies to enable teachers to assist learners experiencing barriers. The study recommends that GPLMS should be revised to make proper allowance for learners experiencing barriers, inculcation of English language at the foundational phase, proper training of teachers for Screening, Identification, Assessment and Support (SIAS) implementation and hiring of relevant personnel to teach mathematics at foundational phase. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-02-22T15:41:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Dhiego Vieira do Amaral.pdf: 4309498 bytes, checksum: 42e11c42a894f95a6d71053306751dfd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-03-07T16:07:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Dhiego Vieira do Amaral.pdf: 4309498 bytes, checksum: 42e11c42a894f95a6d71053306751dfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T16:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Dhiego Vieira do Amaral.pdf: 4309498 bytes, checksum: 42e11c42a894f95a6d71053306751dfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to present a research developed about the Interactive Laboratory of Mathematics (LIM), which was a donation from the State Government of Paraíba to most of the schools of the state network. In our research, we will try to identify if the LIM and the way it was inserted in the schools is convergent to what the literature presents about the implantation and use of the Laboratory of Mathematics Teaching (LEM) in the educational institutions, besides investigating in parallel the contribution that The same can give the teacher in the development of his work. Thus, we developed our investigative activity through the LIM, verifying and evaluating the use of the same in a high school class (2nd year). Our work is based on research already published, where we identified that the use of the Mathematics Teaching Laboratory (LEM) in mathematics classes is being encouraged. Among these scholars are: Silva (2012), Lorenzato (2006, 2010), Turrione (2004), Ferronato (2012), among others. In addition, we seek to make a discussion about the new reality and challenges that the teaching work has faced. This study is of a qualitative nature, in which I was a researcher in a teacher's classroom. Among the results obtained, we observed thet the LIM is not in agreement with what the literature presentes about the implantion and use of the Mathematics Laboratory in the school. In addition, the way in which it was implanted can misconceptions about the LEM. / O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar uma pesquisa desenvolvida a respeito do Laboratório Interativo de Matemática (LIM), doado pelo Governo do Estado da Paraíba para a maioria das escolas da rede estadual. Em nossa pesquisa buscamos identificar se o LIM e a maneira como ele foi inserido nas escolas está convergente ao que a literatura apresenta sobre a implantação e utilização do Laboratório de Ensino de Matemática (LEM) nas instituições de ensino, além de investigarmos paralelamente a contribuição que o mesmo pode dar ao docente no desenvolvimento do seu trabalho. Assim, desenvolvemos nossa atividade investigativa através do LIM, verificando e avaliando a utilização do mesmo em uma turma do Ensino Médio (2º ano). Nosso trabalho está fundamentado em pesquisas já publicadas, onde identificamos que a utilização do Laboratório de Ensino de Matemática (LEM) nas aulas de matemática está sendo incentivado. Dentre estes estudiosos estão: Silva (2012), Lorenzato (2006, 2010), Turrione (2004), Ferronato (2012), entre outros. Além disso, buscamos fazer uma discussão a respeito da nova realidade e desafios aos quais o trabalho docente tem se depara do e enfrentado. Esse estudo é de cunho qualitativo, no qual fui um pesquisador na sala de aula de um docente. Dentre os resultados obtidos, observamos que o LIM não está de acordo com o que a literatura apresenta a respeito da implantação e utilização do Laboratório de Matemática na escola, além disso, a maneira como ele foi implantado pode criar concepções erradas a respeito do LEM.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sfi-lärares erfarenheter av distansundervisning under våren 2020. Studiens fokus ligger på att undersöka hur digitala verktyg anpassades till elevernas olikheter, hur kommunikationen med eleverna etablerades och vilka arbetssätt och metoder som kännetecknade sfi-lärares distansundervisning.  Genom att beskriva omställningen till distansundervisning orsakade av pandemier som SARS och Covid-19, redogörs för de utmaningar och möjligheter som lärare ställs inför i den digitala klassrumsmiljön. Därefter lyfts teoretiska aspekter kring kommunikation och lärarrollen i att skapa relationer med eleverna i den digitala lärmiljön. För att förstå fenomenet med distansutbildningen i sin helhet redovisas vidare utgångspunkter som bör tas hänsyn till när en sådan utbildning utformas och designas. Detta är en empirisk studie där metodtriangulering har använts med både kvantitativa och kvalitativa undersökningar. Totalt deltog 126 respondenter i webbenkät och sex respondenter i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet pekar på att lärarnas förhållningssätt till distansundervisning under pandemin och ojämlikhet i elevers digitala kompetens och elevernas bristfälliga tillgång till digitala teknik i samband med omställningen, var avgörande för hur nya arbetssätt och undervisningsstrategier formades. Sfi-lärarna använde sig av de digitala verktyg och digitala resurser som redan var inarbetade i klassrumsundervisningen. Både synkron och asynkron kommunikation tillämpades i stor utsträckning, där synkron kommunikation värdesattes tack vare dess likhet med det fysiska klassrummets upplägg och asynkron kommunikation ökade tillgänglighet till undervisningsmaterial. Sfi-lärarnas utmaningar bestod av svårigheter att vara tillgängliga för de elever som behövde stöd och att följa upp elevernas lärandeprocesser på distans. / The purpose of this study is to investigate sfi-teachers’ experiences of distance education in the spring of 2020. The study focuses on examining how digital tools were adapted to students’ differences, how communication with students was established and what teaching methods characterized sfi teachers’ distance education. By describing the transition to distance education caused by pandemics such as SARS and Covid-19, the challenges and opportunities that teachers face in the digital classroom environment are described. Thereafter, theoretical aspects of communication and the teacher’s role in creating relationships with students in the digital learning environment are highlighted. In order to understand the phenomenon of distance education in its entirety, further points of departure are presented that should be taken into account when such education is designed. This is an empirical study where method triangulation with both quantitative and qualitative studies. A total of 126 respondents responded to the online survey and six respondents participated in semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the teachers’ approach to distance education during the pandemic, and the inequality in students’ digital competence and the students’ inadequate access to digital technology in connection with the transition, were decisive for how new teaching methods and teaching strategies were formed. Sfi teachers used the digital tools and digital resources that were already incorporated in the classroom education. Both synchronous and asynchronous communication were applied to a large extent, where synchronous communication was valued thanks to its similarity to the physical classroom layout and asynchronous communication because of the increased accessibility to teaching materials. The sfi teachers’ teaching challenges consisted of difficulties in being available to the students who needed support and in following up the students’ learning processes at a distance.