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Development of in vitro models to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of Cyclopia Maculata and other South African herbal teas : a comparative studyKeet, Lana 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chronic inflammation is suggested to contribute to cancer development and
therefore a potential target for chemoprevention. In the skin, keratinocytes and
macrophages play an integral part in acute and chronic inflammation, with
interleukin 1-α (IL-1α) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as key cytokines
governing this process. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) and the South African herbal
teas, rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) displayed antiinflammatory
effects in mouse and human skin. To further investigate the antiinflammatory
properties of green tea and the herbal teas, rooibos and honeybush (C.
subternata and C. maculata) herbal teas, suitable cell culture models were
developed and validated utilising human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and monocyte (THP-
1) derived macrophages. Aqueous extracts of the green tea and unfermented herbal
teas were prepared and their chemical composition determined by high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the antioxidant activity characterised utilising
different antioxidant assays. Green tea and rooibos exhibited similar antioxidant
activities while C. maculata displayed the lowest overall antioxidant activity of all the
extracts, despite possessing the highest mangiferin level, the major polyphenol in
honeybush. The modulation of cytokine release was studied in (i) an UVB-induced
pre-exposure HaCaT model monitoring the accumulation of IL-1α and (ii) a LPS
stimulated THP-1 macrophage model monitoring the TNF-α release, utilising both a
pre-exposure and co-exposure extract regimens. In the pre-exposure HaCaT
inflammatory model the UVB-induced IL-1α was decreased by the green tea extract
while a far weaker response was obtained with the rooibos extract. Both the
honeybush extracts displayed a significant effect in the reduction of IL-1α with C.
subternata exhibiting a slight increased protection at a lower extract concentration. In
the pre-exposure THP-1 derived macrophage model, green tea and the herbal tea
extracts inhibited TNF-α release in a dose dependent manner in the absence of an
overt loss in cell viability and apoptosis at lower extract concentrations, suggesting a
typical anti-inflammatory effect. In the co-exposure model, the different extracts also
exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect at the lowest concentrations in the absence of
apoptosis while at higher extract concentrations the effect was masked by a
decrease in cell viability and increased apoptosis. C. maculata exhibit differential effects when considering the inhibition of cytokine production and, depending on the
cell model, either exhibited a weaker or stronger effect when compared to C.
subternata and rooibos. Phenolic diversity of the different teas is likely to explain the
differential effects in the antioxidant assays and cell culture models with respect to
the regulation of the production of the inflammatory markers. Proposed mechanism
for the anti-inflammatory effects include the modulation of oxidative stress via
various pathways and the subsequent down regulation of nuclear factor kappa β
(NFκB) and activated protein-1 (AP-1) which are key regulators of cytokine
production governing the inflammatory response. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kroniese inflammasie van die vel kan bydra tot die ontwikkeling van kanker en is dus
’n potensiële area om te teiken in die voorkoming van velkanker. Keratinosiete en
makrofage speel ’n integrale rol in akute en chroniese inflammasie van die vel en
TNF-α en IL-1α is die belangrikste sitokiene wat hierdie proses inisieer. Dit is bekend
dat ekstrakte van groen tee (Camellia sinensis) en die Suid-Afrikaanse kruietees,
rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) en heuningbos (Cyclopia spp.) ‘n anti-inflammatoriese
effek op die vel van muise en mense het. Om die anti-inflammatoriese aktiwitieit van
groen tee, rooibos en 2 heuningbos kruietees (C. subternata en C. maculata) verder
te ondersoek en te definieer is geskikte selkultuurmodelle ontwikkel en gevalideer
deur gebruik te maak van menslike keratinosiete (HaCaT) en monosiet (THP-1)
afgeleide makrofage. Water ekstrakte van groen tee en ongefermenteerde kruietees
is voorberei en die chemiese samestelling deur hoë druk vloeistof chromatografie
(HDLC) bepaal. ‘n Verskeidenheid van antioksidant bepalingstoetse is gebruik om
die antioksidant aktiwiteit van die ekstrakte te meet. Groen tee en rooibos het
soortgelyke antioksidant aktiwiteite getoon, terwyl C. maculata die swakste algehele
aktiwiteit getooon het, ten spyte van die teenwoordigheid van hoёr vlakke van
mangiferin, die belangrikste polifenoliese verbinding in heuningbos. Modulasie van
sitokiene is verder bestudeer in (i) ’n UVB-geïnduseerde vooraf-blootstelling HaCaT
model, waartydens akkumulering van IL-1α gemonitor is en (ii) ‘n lipopolisakkaried
(LPS)-gestimuleerde THP-1 makrofaag model, waar die vrystelling van TNF-α
gemonitor is. Vir die THP-1 model is beide die voor en gelyktydige blootstelling
benaderings vir die ekstrakte met LPS gebruik. In die keratinosiet model, waar die
selle aan ekstrakte blootgestel is voor UVB bestraing, is IL-1α beduidend verlaag
deur die groen tee ekstrak, terwyl ’n swakker reaksie gesien is met rooibos. Beide
heuningbos ekstrakte het ’n beduidende invloed in die vermindering van IL-1α
getoon, waar C. subternata ’n effense verhoogde beskerming teen selsterfte by ‘n
laer ekstrakkonsentrasie toon. Blootstelling van die makrofage aan al vier ekstrakte
voor LPS stimulasie (vooraf-blootstelling), het gelei tot inhibisie van TNF-α vrystelling
op ’n dosis afhanklike wyse en die afwesigheid van apoptose en selsterftes by lae
ekstrak konsentrasievlakke. Hierdie waarnemings dui op ’n tipiese antiinflammatoriese
effek. In die gelyktydige-blootstelling model verlaag al die ekstrakte TNF-α vrystelling teen die laagste ekstrak konsentrasievlakke, in die afwesigheid van
apoptose en met geen effek op seldood nie. Hoёr ekstrak konsentrasievlakke het
sitotoksisiteit en verhoogde apoptose getoon, dus was die anti-inflammatoriese effek
gemaskeer. C. maculata toon ‘n variërende effek met betrekking tot antioksidant
aktiwiteit en die bekamping van sitokien produksie, afhangend van die model wat
bestudeer is. Die verskeidenheid fenoliese verbindings teenwoordig in die
verskillende tee ekstrakte is waarskynlik die rede vir die effekte wat waargeneem is
tydens antioksidant toetsing en selkultuurmodelle. Die anti-inflammatoriese
meganismes wat deur hierdie studie voorgestel word sluit die modulasie van
oksidatiewe stres via verskeie metaboliese paaie in. Modulasie van oksidatiewe
stres lei tot af-regulering van kernfaktor-kappaB (NF-κB) en aktiveerderproteïen-
1(AP-1), wat sleutel reguleerders van sitokien produksie tydens inflammatoriese
respons is.
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Chemiese karakterisering van die aroma van die heuningbosspesie Cyclopia GenistoidesCronje, Christel 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) is indigenous to South Africa and consists of more than 20 species of
which only a few are used to make a herbal tea with a unique aroma and sweet taste. The aroma of
unfermented and fermented honeybush tea differs considerably, indicating that changes take place in
the chemical composition of the aroma during the fermentation process. Using a sample enrichment
probe (SEP) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the chemical composition of the
aroma of unfermented and fermented C. genistoides, was analyzed and the resulting aroma profiles
were compared. A total of 74 compounds were identified in the unfermented honeybush aroma,
comprising, inter alia, a large number of saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes and methyl
ketones that were found to be either absent, or present in lower relative concentrations, in the aroma
of fermented honeybush. Most of these compounds, including 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, identified
as one of the major constituents of unfermented honeybush, are probably responsible for its grassy,
hay-like aroma. In the aroma of fermented honeybush 70 compounds were identified, of which 36
were found to be terpenoids. These compounds are probably responsible for the pleasant sweet
aroma of the fermented honeybush. For instance, the major aroma constituent in the fermented
honeybush, α-terpineol, is known to have a delicately floral and sweet odour. Other terpenoids
occuring in significant quantities in the fermented honeybush, are linalool, cis and trans linalool
oxide, nerol, geraniol, 2,6-dimethyl-1,7-octadien-3,6-diol, hexahydrofarnecyl acetone and phytol.
These terpenoids are known to have sweet, sweet-woody en floral odours that probably contribute to
the overall sweet aroma of the fermented honeybush. In the aroma of the unfermented honeybush a
total of 25 terpenoids was identified, of which geranyl acetone, β-ionone, and dihydroactinidiolide
are the most significant, since they are present in higher relative concentrations compared to the
same terpenoids in the fermented honeybush. These three terpenoids have overall woody and even
slightly green odours which contribute to the typical aroma of the unfermented honeybush. The
terpenoids present in the aroma of unfermented and fermented honeybush belong to the following
compound classes:
• Terpenes
• Terpene alcohols
• Terpene aldehydes
• Ketoterpenes
• Terpene ethers
• Terpene lactones
Apart from the terpenoids present in the aroma of unfermented and fermented honeybush, the
following classes of compounds are also present:
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated)
• Aliphatic alcohols (saturated and unsaturated)
• Phenols
• Aliphatic aldehydes (saturated and unsaturated)
• Aliphatic ketones (saturated and unsaturated)
• Aliphatic carboxylic acids (saturated)
• Esters (methyl esters, ethyl and higher esters and aromatic esters)
• Furane compounds
• Lactones
The present research was done to compare the chemical composition of the aroma of unfermented
and fermented honeybush of one particular species, namely C. genistoides, to obtain an
understanding of the evolution and/or disappearance of volatile compounds during fermentation that
ultimately could help to identify compounds or compound types and their precursors responsible for
its unique sweet aroma.
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The phytochemistry and biological activities of Athrixia PhylicoidesPadayachee, Kumeshnie 27 October 2011 (has links)
Herbal medicines are an important part of the African culture and tradition and about 80% of
Africa’s population relies on traditional remedies for their primary health care needs (WHO,
2008). Athrixia phylicoides is widely used as a traditional remedy, but despite its substantial
use, literature on its chemical composition and biological activities is limited. In this study,
the chemical composition of the essential oil was determined using gas chromatography
combined with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and analysis resulted in the identification of 182
compounds. The major compounds identified in selected samples were α-pinene, β-pinene,
caryophyllene oxide, β-caryophyllene, myrcene and spathulenol. Based on the traditional uses
of A. phylicoides, various in vitro biological activities were investigated. The extensive use of
A. phylicoides for the treatment of boils, sores, bad acne, infected wounds and cuts, prompted
the antimicrobial (bacterial and fungal) study using the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) assay. The methanol extract and essential oil were more selective for the Grampositive
bacteria than the Gram-negative bacteria. The extract exhibited stronger activity
against all micro-organisms tested compared to the essential oil, with the highest activity
against S. aureus, B. cereus and B. subtilis (MIC = 1 mg/ml). The bioactive compound,
(4-hydroxyphenyl) propyl coumaroate was isolated from the extract and proved to be most
active against S. aureus (MIC = 19.5 μg/ml). Using the DPPH• assay, a comparative antioxidant
study was performed. The anti-oxidant activity of the aqueous extract of A.
phylicoides (IC50 = 14.01 ± 2.68 μg/ml) was greater than rooibos and Ceylon (black) tea (IC50
> 25.00 μg/ml); comparable to green rooibos and honeybush tea (IC50 = 18.01 ± 4.06 μg/ml;
18.02 ± 4.27 μg/ml, respectively), but less active than green tea (IC50 = 9.64 ± 0.96 μg/ml).
The antimalarial activity was determined using the [3H] hypoxanthine incorporation method.
The essential oil exhibited greater antimalarial activity against the chloroquine-resistant
Plasmodium falciparum (FCR-3) strain (IC50 = 1.006 ± 0.06 μg/ml) than the methanol extract.
The 5-lipoxygenase assay was used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol
extract and essential oil. Only the essential oil displayed anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 =
25.68 μg/ml). Low safety indices were reported for both the methanol extract (SI = 2.28) and
essential oil (SI = 1.77). The in vitro biological activities may validate the use of A.
phylicoides in traditional medicine.
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Effect of Rooibos preparation on the total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of herbal tea and its consumer characteristicsPiek, Hannelise January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Background: The different types and forms of rooibos and the ways in which it is prepared and
flavoured for consumption influences its total polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity
(TAC) and hence depends on its consumer practices.
Design: Phase 1 of the study entailed the selection and preparation of different rooibos types
and forms; rooibos brewed for different times; and with different household and commercially
added flavourings to determine the total polyphenol content, TAC, flavonol and flavanol content;
and subsequent identification of the optimal cup of rooibos based on the first two biochemical
parameters. For Phase 2 a questionnaire was used to obtain information on the profile of the
adult rooibos herbal tea consumer, as well as of those consuming the optimal cup of rooibos.
Results: The following prepared rooibos samples delivered the higher biochemical parameter
content: green / unfermented (type representative); green / unfermented leaves and powdered
extract (form representatives); that brewed for 10 minutes or longer; and those with added
honey. The optimal cup of rooibos was identified as the one brewed for 10 minutes or longer.
The older respondents and those with a lower level of education consumed a higher daily
amount of rooibos (p < 0.05) and those who brewed rooibos in a teapot consumed the optimal
cup (p < 0.05). However, very few respondents consumed the advised number of cups per day
(< 1%) and the identified optimal cup (15.9%).
Conclusions: Rooibos consumers in this study did not consume it in sufficient amounts and did
not brew it for long enough to fully gain from its attributed health benefits.
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Student Success and Reading ComprehensionLottes-Bishop, Laura Theresa 01 January 2015 (has links)
Nursing administrators are exploring interventions to increase student retention rates in order to decrease college costs, improve faculty effort and time developing courses, decrease administrative resources, and to continue their accreditation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there was a correlation between the Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS) reading comprehension scores, American College Test (ACT) reading comprehension scores, Comprehensive Computer-Adaptive Testing (COMPASS) reading comprehension scores, and the cumulative college grade point average (GPA) of the first-year nursing student. The theoretical foundation for this study was Tinto's retention theory, which claims that students' past academic performance predicts retention. A correlation approach within a cross-sectional nonexperimental design was used by analyzing data from admission testing and the first-year cumulative GPA from 151 associate degree nursing students from a private college in the Southeast Missouri area. According to study results, there was no correlation between GPAs and reading comprehension scores. Additionally, ACT, TEAS, and COMPASS reading comprehension scores did not correlate with student retention rates. Administrators in the associate degree nursing program can use the results of this study to determine what interventions might determine the success of the first-year nursing student. Positive social change will result from a more diverse set of admission criteria for acceptance into the program and will assist the admissons committees to find the best candidates for the program.
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Effects of different climatic and soil factors at different locations on chemical composition of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.)Nchabeleng, Lehlohonolo January 2012 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Horticulture)) --University of Limpopo, 2012 / Refer to document / the National Research Foundation
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The use of in vitro assays to screen for endocrine modulation.Hendricks, Rahzia. January 2008 (has links)
<p>  / </p>
<p align="left"><font face="Times New Roman">Aspalathus linearis (A. linearis), </font><font face="Times New Roman">commonly known as Rooibos tea or Red bush tea and </font><i><font face="Times New Roman">amellia sinensis (C. sinensis) </font></i><font face="Times New Roman">or Black tea are beverages that are consumed throughout the</font><font face="Times New Roman">world. These teas possess antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-cancer actions. The aim</font> <font face="Times New Roman">of this study was to use <i>in vitro </i>assays to screen Rooibos and Black tea for endocrine</font> <font face="Times New Roman">modulation. </font><font face="Times New Roman">The immune modulating effects of Rooibos and Black tea were investigated using an <i>in vitro</i></font> <font face="Times New Roman">whole blood culture (WBC) assay. Unstimulated WBCs treated with Rooibos tea secreted</font> <font face="Times New Roman">higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN<font lang="JA">&gamma / </font>than cultures treated with DMSO control. Rooibos treatment of stimulated WBCs resulted in higher IL-6, lower IL-10 and no effect on IFN&gamma / </font><font face="Times New Roman">secretion compared to DMSO treated stimulated WBC. Black tea treatment of stimulated</font> <font face="Times New Roman">WBC resulted in decreased IL-6, IL-10 and IFN<font lang="JA">&gamma / </font>secretion compared to the DMSO treated</font> <font face="Times New Roman">stimulated WBC. </font><font face="Times New Roman">Extracts of Rooibos and Black tea were assessed for phytoestrogens using quantitative </font><font face="Times New Roman">estrogen ELISAs. Both teas contain phytoestrogens. The quantitative ELISAs showed that </font><font face="Times New Roman">Rooibos tea contained significantly lower estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) levels </font><font face="Times New Roman">than Black tea. The effects of Rooibos and Black tea on proliferation of the estrogen</font> <font face="Times New Roman">dependant MCF-7 cell line was determined to further characterise the phytoestrogenic</font> <font face="Times New Roman">properties of the teas. Both Rooibos and Black tea extracts caused a significant inhibition of</font> <font face="Times New Roman">MCF-7 proliferation. </font><font face="Times New Roman">This study shows that Rooibos tea and Black tea are beverages that can either stimulate or </font><font face="Times New Roman">suppress the immune system. Also, both teas contain significant levels of phytoestrogens as </font><font face="Times New Roman">determined by quantitative ELISAs. The current study confirms previous reports showing </font><font face="Times New Roman">inhibition of growth in breast cancer cell lines by phytoestrogens. The findings extend </font><font face="Times New Roman">related observations on the anti-carcinogenic potential of the two teas.</font></p>
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The use of in vitro assays to screen for endocrine modulation.Hendricks, Rahzia. January 2008 (has links)
<p>  / </p>
<p align="left"><font face="Times New Roman">Aspalathus linearis (A. linearis), </font><font face="Times New Roman">commonly known as Rooibos tea or Red bush tea and </font><i><font face="Times New Roman">amellia sinensis (C. sinensis) </font></i><font face="Times New Roman">or Black tea are beverages that are consumed throughout the</font><font face="Times New Roman">world. These teas possess antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-cancer actions. The aim</font> <font face="Times New Roman">of this study was to use <i>in vitro </i>assays to screen Rooibos and Black tea for endocrine</font> <font face="Times New Roman">modulation. </font><font face="Times New Roman">The immune modulating effects of Rooibos and Black tea were investigated using an <i>in vitro</i></font> <font face="Times New Roman">whole blood culture (WBC) assay. Unstimulated WBCs treated with Rooibos tea secreted</font> <font face="Times New Roman">higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN<font lang="JA">&gamma / </font>than cultures treated with DMSO control. Rooibos treatment of stimulated WBCs resulted in higher IL-6, lower IL-10 and no effect on IFN&gamma / </font><font face="Times New Roman">secretion compared to DMSO treated stimulated WBC. Black tea treatment of stimulated</font> <font face="Times New Roman">WBC resulted in decreased IL-6, IL-10 and IFN<font lang="JA">&gamma / </font>secretion compared to the DMSO treated</font> <font face="Times New Roman">stimulated WBC. </font><font face="Times New Roman">Extracts of Rooibos and Black tea were assessed for phytoestrogens using quantitative </font><font face="Times New Roman">estrogen ELISAs. Both teas contain phytoestrogens. The quantitative ELISAs showed that </font><font face="Times New Roman">Rooibos tea contained significantly lower estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) levels </font><font face="Times New Roman">than Black tea. The effects of Rooibos and Black tea on proliferation of the estrogen</font> <font face="Times New Roman">dependant MCF-7 cell line was determined to further characterise the phytoestrogenic</font> <font face="Times New Roman">properties of the teas. Both Rooibos and Black tea extracts caused a significant inhibition of</font> <font face="Times New Roman">MCF-7 proliferation. </font><font face="Times New Roman">This study shows that Rooibos tea and Black tea are beverages that can either stimulate or </font><font face="Times New Roman">suppress the immune system. Also, both teas contain significant levels of phytoestrogens as </font><font face="Times New Roman">determined by quantitative ELISAs. The current study confirms previous reports showing </font><font face="Times New Roman">inhibition of growth in breast cancer cell lines by phytoestrogens. The findings extend </font><font face="Times New Roman">related observations on the anti-carcinogenic potential of the two teas.</font></p>
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„Bronchos“ arbatų palyginamoji analizė / Comparative anaysis of „Bronchos“ teasPiepolytė, Inga 18 June 2014 (has links)
Tyrimo tikslas - išnagrinėti „BRONCHOS“ arbatų linijos („Bronchos“ vaistažolių arbata, „Bronchos Nakčiai“ žolelių arbata, „Bronchos-1 vaistažolių arbata“, „Bronchos Forte“ arbata) sudėtis ir atlikti jų palyginamąją analizę, vertinant bendrą fenolinių junginių kiekį ir antioksidacinį aktyvumą. Tyrimo metodai. Bendras fenolinių junginių kiekis visose tirtose „BRONCHOS“ arbatose nustatytas spektrofotometrijos metodu pagal galo rūgšties standartą. Antioksidacinis aktyvumas įvertintas spektrofotometriškai naudojant DPPH radikalų sujungimo metodą. Literatūros analizės metodas naudotas „BRONCHOS“ arbatų linijos sudėčių analizei. Gauti rezultatai apdoroti naudojant Microsoft Office Excel 2013 ir Sigma Plot 12.0 programas. Tyrimo rezultatai ir išvados. Nustatyta, kad arbata „Bronchos Forte”, lyginant su kitomis tirtomis arbatomis, pasižymi stipresniu veikimu pagal bendro fenolinių junginių kiekio ir antioksidacinio aktyvumo tyrimų rezultatus. Didžiausias fenolinių junginių kiekis nustatytas tiriant arbatų nuovirus, o stipriausios antioksidacinės savybės būdingos gamintojo rekomenduojama metodika paruoštoms vandeninėms arbatų ištraukoms. Atlikti tyrimai rodo, kad ekstrahavimo laikas daro neigiamą įtaką „BRONCHOS“ arbatų kokybei, išskyrus, kai šių arbatų ištraukos ruošiamos naudojant 20 °C temperatūros vandenį. / The aim of this research is to examine the composition of the line of ‘Bronchos’ teas (‘Broncho’ herbal tea, ‘Broncho Night’ herbal tea, ‘Broncho -1’ and ‘Broncho Forte’ herbal tea) as well as to perform the comparative analysis in order to evaluate the quantity of total phenolic compounds and antioxidative activity. Methods. The total amount of phenol compounds in ‘Bronchos’ teas is estimated spectrophotometrically. Galic acid was used as a standart. Antioxidative activity was determined spectrophotometrically by DPPH radical scavenging method. The analysis of the literature was used in order to examine the composition of the line of ‘Bronchos’ teas. The results were obtained using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and Sigma Plot 12.0 programs. The results and conclusions of the analysis. Based on the results of the phenolic compounds and antioxidative activity analysis, ‚Broncho Forte‘ tea has the biggest therapeutic effectiveness compared to the other brands that have been investigated. The biggest amount of phenolic compounds has been indicated when tea decoction process has been investigated, while aqueous tea extracts prepared according manufacturer’s recommendations have the strongest antioxidative features. Studies have also shown that extraction time adversely affects the quality of ‚BRONCHOS‘ tea, unless tea extracts are produced using water of 20 °C degree.
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Vaistinių augalų arbatų pardavimų Lietuvos vaistinėse analizė / Analysis of medicinal herbal teas sales in Lithuanian pharmaciesRunkevičiūtė, Milda 01 July 2014 (has links)
Lietuvoje vaistinių arbatų suvartojimas mažėja jau ketvirtus metus iš eilės, kai tuo tarpu išsivysčiusiose Pasaulio šalyse susidomėjimas augaliniais vaistiniais preparatais didėja. Taip pat Lietuvoje stebima ir vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimento kaita. Arbatų, registruotų kaip tradiciniai augaliniai preparatai, vaistinėse ženkliai mažėja, o maistinių arbatų daugėja. 2014 metų duomenimis Lietuvos Respublikos Valstybiniame vaistų registre yra užregistruotos tik 25 vaistinės arbatos, iš kurių 13 yra mišiniai ir 12 - vienkomponentės arbatos. Šio darbo tikslas - ištirti vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimentą ir pardavimų tendencijas Lietuvos vaistinėse. Siekiant tikslingai atlikti analizę, išsikelti uždaviniai: atlikti literatūros apie vaistinių augalų arbatas analizę, ištirti Lietuvos vaistinėse parduodamų vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimentą, vaistinių augalų arbatų paklausos priklausomybę nuo sezono, nustatyti, kurios vaistinių augalų arbatos yra populiariausios.
Tiriamasis darbas - tai vaistažolių arbatų pardavimų Lietuvos vaistinėse aprašomoji analizė, kuriai pasirinktas 2012 metų laikotarpis, surašant kiekvieno mėnesio arbatų pardavimus pasirinktose vaistinėse nuo sausio iki gruodžio imtinai.
Atlikus analizę, nustatyta, kad daugiausia (57,85 proc.) yra parduodama „Acorus Calamus“ gaminamos arbatų produkcijos. Arbata fasuota filtro paketėliuose yra 1,71 proc. populiaresnė nei palaida (biri) arbata. Nustatyta, kad nors ir ne ženkliai, tačiau daugiau parduodama vienkomponenčių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Consumption of medicinal tea in Lithuania has been falling for already four years in a row, while the developed world interest in herbal products is increasing. It is also observed that the range of medicinal plant teas is changing in Lithuania. Teas that are registered as traditional herbal medicines, are significantly decreasing in pharmacies, while nutrient teas are increasing. According to 2014 data from the State Register of Medicinal Products of the Republic of Lithuania there are registered only 25 medicinal teas, out of which 13 are mixtures and 12 - single-component teas. The aim of this scientific work is to explore a range of medicinal herbal teas and their sales trends in Lithuanian pharmacies. In order to carry out targeted analysis, the work deals with these tasks: to make the literature analysis on medicinal plant teas, to examine the range of medicinal plants teas sold in the Lithuanian pharmacies, to investigate the medicinal herbal teas elasticity of demand from season, to determine which medicinal plant teas are the most popular.
This research work includes the descriptive analysis of the herbal teas sales in Lithuanian pharmacies, for which the period of 2012 was selected; the sales of teas in selected pharmacies were investigated each month from January to December.
The analysis showed that the majority (57.85 percent) of sold teas are of “Acorus Calamus” producer. Tea, bagged in sachet filter, is 1.71 percent more popular than loose tea. It was also... [to full text]
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