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1	Business As Usual,No Business At All? : Exploring the Role of Servitization in theProcess of Business Model Innovation / Är en oförändradverksamhet ingenverksamhet alls? : En utforskande studie om tjänstefieringens rollinom affärsmodellsutveckling ENGWALL, ANDREAS, ÅLUND, ANTON January 2018 (has links) To survive a technological shift has — on numerous occasions — proved to be difficult forincumbent firms. Quintessential examples can be found in various industries where incumbent firmshave suffered financial losses as they have failed to adapt their business model to a new technological paradigm. Despite the troubling history, instead of exploring the process, researchers have more often than not only addressed the outcome of firms' business model innovation, leaving aknowledge gap in the literature. More alarming, in the limited research addressing the innovation process scholars have argued for contradictory purposes. Business model innovation literature has concluded that firms innovate their business model through a trial-and-error process. Conversely, servitization literature has often argued that firms innovate their business model through a series of deliberate and sequential steps along a linear continuum. The thesis aims to contribute with knowledge to bridge this gap by addressing the following purpose: explore the role of servitization in the process of business model innovation in the face of a potential technology shift. The thesis is anchored in an embedded case study at an incumbent manufacturing firm in the automotive industry. Findings show that the case company is utilizing servitization on a small scaleto test multiple business model innovations simultaneously across disperse organizational units. Itindicates that servitization can be utilized on a local level within the organization as a tool to changethe organizational culture. Furthermore, findings show that the servitized business models can be utilized to create test environments to explore the commercialization of radical technological innovations, enabling an incumbent firm to learn double ambidexterity. Subsequently, findings highlight that engaging in servitization is not simply a way to create complements to products, only important when products reach maturity. Instead, findings suggest that servitization may be a tool allowing firms to understand the importance of a symbiotic interplay between technology and business model innovation, in particular in the face of a technology shift. The thesis makes three contributions. First, findings from this thesis contribute with knowledge on how an incumbent manufacturing firm is innovating its business model utilizing servitization. Second, the study contributes with an increased understanding of the innovation process of going from one business model to a new. Third, the thesis makes an analytical contribution by amalgamating the research areas of business model innovation, ambidexterity, and servitization. / Att överleva övergången till ett nytt teknikskifte har flera gånger visat sig vara en utmaning för etablerade företag. Det finns flera klassiska exempel på företag inom olika industrier som har misslyckats med denna övergång och en av följderna har blivit stora ekonomiska förluster. Trots tidigare misslyckanden så väljer forskarna vanligtvis att beskriva de slutgiltiga resultaten av innovationsprocessen istället för att beskriva själva förloppet. Därtill kan det noteras att den begränsade mängd forskning som berör förändringsprocessen beskriver motstridiga förlopp. Forskare inom företagsstrategi har argumenterat för att utveckling sker genom ett antal försök och misslyckanden. Omvänt har forskare inom tjänstefiering ofta beskrivit förloppet som en linjär process med avsiktliga utvecklingssteg. Detta examensarbete ämnar till att bidra med kunskap för att klargöra dessa motstridigheter i litteraturen genom att uppfylla följande syfte: att utforska tjänstefieringens roll under processen för utvecklandet av affärsmodellen inför ett i antågande nytt teknikparadigm. Examensarbetet redogör för tidigare forskning inom tjänstefiering, utveckling av affärsmodeller och tvåhändighet samt förankras i en ingående fallstudie på ett etablerat tillverkningsföretag i inom fordonsindustrin. Detta för att bättre förstå hur företag agerar i utvecklingen av affärsmodeller vidett stundande teknikskifte. Resultat från fallstudien visar att det undersökta företaget bedriver flertalet affärsmodeller baserat på tjänstefiering samtidigt över flera organisatoriska enheter. Empirin visar att tjänstefiering används på lokal nivå inom organisationen för att förankra en ny företagskultur och underlätta förändringsarbetet. Företaget har använt nya affärsmodeller som plattform för att skapa testmiljöer tillsammans med radikala tekniska innovationsprojekt för att lära sig hur tekniken kan användas i kommersiellt syfte. Empirin bekräftar att tjänstefiering inte nödvändigtvis bara är ett komplement när en produkt uppnått mognad på marknaden. Istället indikerar resultaten att tjänstefiering kan vara ett verktyg för företag att förstå vikten av att teknikutveckling och affärsmodellsutveckling samverkar, i synnerhet inför ett i antågande teknikskifte. Examensarbetet bidrar till forskningen på tre sätt. För det första bidrar resultatet i denna studie till teorin om hur ett etablerat tillverkningsföretag utvecklar sin affärsmodell genom att använda tjänstefiering. För det andra bidrar studien till att ge ökad förståelse om övergångsperioden mellan gammal och ny affärsmodell. För det tredje bidrar examensarbetet med ett analytiskt resonemang kring behovet av sammanflätningen mellan forskning inom affärsmodellsutveckling, tvåhändighet och tjänstefiering. Business Model Innovation Servitization Local Servitization Double Ambidexterity Technology Shift. Affärsmodellsutveckling Tjänstefiering Teknikskifte Övrig annan teknik
2	When Killing your Darlings Becomes Vital : Centrala avvägningar vid hantering av disruptiv innovation / When Killing your Darlings Becomes Vital Dahlén, Marcus, Lago, Louise January 2022 (has links) Bakgrund: Branschen för tunga kommersiella fordon har historiskt verkat i en relativt mogen kontext, där värdeerbjudandet kretsat kring inkrementella förbättringar av förbränningsmotorn. Ett ökat behov av hållbara transporter och nya framväxande teknologier gör nu inträde i branschen vilket skapar en disruptiv affärskontext som sätter sedan länge rådande affärsmodeller och strategier ur spel. För att som etablerad aktör i branschen förbli relevant krävs anpassning. Med begränsade resurser måste nya investeringar balanseras med behovet av att vårda den dagliga verksamheten. Genom att beakta centrala avvägningar kan övergången hanteras. Syfte: Denna studies syfte är att med ett explorativt förhållningssätt bidra till ökad förståelse för hur etablerade företag inom branschen för tunga kommersiella fordon hanterar en disruptiv affärskontext, genom att se till de centrala avvägningar som behöver göras för att klara av omställningen till ett disruptivt affärslandskap. Metod: Studien har antagit en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med en fallstudiedesign. Den vetenskapliga inriktningen är realism och studien har en abduktiv forskningsansats. Datainsamling har skett genom 11 semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentstudier. Studiens analysmetod är tematisk analys. Slutsats: Branschen för tunga kommersiella fordon är i starten av disruptiv innovation vilket leder till en disruptiv affärskontext. Etablerade aktörer därinom behöver anpassa sig för att vidhålla dess relevans i branschen och långsiktigt överleva som företag. Vid denna anpassning finner studien att etablerade aktörer kan lära av gårdagen, planera för morgondagen och agera idag genom att se till de centrala avvägningarna: Driva eller drivas av efterfrågan, Resursallokering och portföljutformning, Modulariseringsstrategi, Företagets inblandning med externa parter, Rollen som OEM i det framtida transportekosystemet. Samtliga avvägningar påverkar etablerade aktörers förmåga att hantera en disruptiv affärskontext både positivt och negativt och måste beaktas av etablerade aktörer som anpassar sig till disruptiv innovation. / Background: The industry for heavy commercial vehicles has historically operated in a relatively mature context, where the value proposition has revolved around incremental improvements of the internal combustion engine. An increased need for sustainable transport and new emerging technology is now entering the industry, which creates a disruptive business context that puts longstanding business models and strategies out of play. In order for incumbents in the industry to remain adequate, adapting is required. With limited resources, new investments must be balanced with the need of nurturing the day-to-day operations. By taking key trade-offs into account the transition can be managed. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute with an exploratory approach to a greater understanding of how established companies in the heavy commercial vehicle industry handle a disruptive business context, by looking at the key trade-offs that need to be considered to cope with the transition to a disruptive business landscape. Methodology: The study has been conducted with a qualitative research strategy and case study design. The research approach is realism, and the study has an abductive research approach. The gathering of empirical data has been conducted through 11 semi-structured interviews and document studies. The study has utilised a thematic analysis. Conclusion: The industry for heavy commercial vehicles is at the start of disruptive innovation, which leads to a disruptive business context. Incumbents need to adapt to maintain their relevance in the industry and survive as a company in the long term. With this adaptation, the study finds that incumbents can learn from yesterday, plan for tomorrow and act today by looking to the following key trade-offs: Drive or driven by demand, Resource allocation and portfolio design, Modularisation strategy, The company's involvement with external parties, The role as OEM in the future transport ecosystem. All trade-offs affect the ability of established players to handle a disruptive business context both positively and negatively and must be considered by incumbents who adapt to disruptive innovation. Disruptive innovation Disruptive technology Business model Heavy vehicle industry Heavy Commercial Vehicles Strategic adaptation Exploration Exploitation Modularisation Ecosystem Technology shift. Disruptiv innovation Disruptiv teknologi Affärsmodell Tung fordonsindustri Tunga kommersiella fordon Strategisk anpassning Exploration Exploitation Modularisering Ekosystem Teknologiskifte Business Administration Företagsekonomi
3	Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital Lucas, D. Pulane 24 April 2013 (has links) Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs. Disruptive Disruptive Innovation Theory Disruptive Transformations Disruptive Innovation Innovation Technology Technological Innovation Medical Innovation Medical Technology Medical Advancement Laparoscopy Laparoscopic Surgery open surgery appendectomy cholecystectomy bariatric surgery weight loss surgery appendectomies cholecystectomies inpatient outpatient ambulatory ambulatory surgery ambulatory surgery center acute care general hospital hospital acute care hospital general hospital health care healthcare hospital industry health care industry Clayton Christensen Clayton M Christensen Michael Porter Harvard Business School Virginia Commonwealth University CMS Health policy public policy public administration organizational theory organization theory Population Ecology Theory Competitive Strategy policy analysis John Kimberly Organization Size Structural Inertia liability of smallness health spending health care cost specialty medical facility open system niche width dynamic outpatient department technology shift surgical setting surgical setting shift medical facility shift substitution threat health system system level analysis Ecological Approach hospital trends ambulatory surgery trends reimbursement rate Medicare CMS coverage decision P J DiMaggio DiMaggio and Powell w w Powell Hannan and Freeman M T Hannan Organizational change minimally invasive surgery less invasive surgery Prospective Payment System Outpatient Prospective Payment System entreprenuerial physician health care organization health care management Roice Luke Carl Ameringer new technology surgical utilization elective surgery Medicare Payment Advisory Commission MedPAC coverage decision trends in surgery abdominal surgery surgical variation physician-owned physician ownership physician autonomy outpatient clinic utilization trends unnecessary surgery Pfeffer Salancik technology diffusion redefining health care interdisciplinary research health care delivery panel design diffusion of hospital technology state variation regional variation local health care market government intervention medical facility health care capacity focused factory advances in health care physician organization relationship hospital competition medical specialization hospital expansion medical arms race integrated care integrated health system J E Wennberg health care transformation reimbursement scheme surgical volume Florida Wisconsin policy making health policy analysis competitive dynamics center of excellence intervening factor service line competition service-line competition surgical reimbursement innovative business model innovative technology environmental influence established firm new market entrant patient safety sophisticated technology Harvard Divinity School Social and Behavioral Sciences

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