Small states have limited ability to influence the security environment and other states in the rivalry over scarce resources. How can a small state adapt to changes and challenges in the security environment and protect the state from perceived threats? The purpose of this thesis is to understand how a militarily non-aligned small state's threat perceptions adapts to changes in the security environment and how these developments affect its strategic adaptation. The thesis explains how some 21st century changes of the security environment have affected the Finnish threat perceptions and strategic adaptation of a small state.  The problem is solved by conducting a qualitative content analysis of Finnish security and defence reports of the 21st century and by utilizing an analytic framework constructed for this purpose. The question is answered by presenting the main changes in the Finnish security environment and threat perceptions, and by explaining how policy has been adapted to these changes. The questions are answered both conceptually with theoretic models from a small state perspective and with in-depth analysis utilizing the theoretic models for contextual understanding in a structured manner.  As a result, conceptual frameworks are presented as tentative explanations for a small state’s threat perceptions and strategic adaptation. The contextual results suggest that from a change perspective the Russian aggressions in Ukraine 2014 and 2022 have had the biggest impact on Finnish strategic adaptation in terms of conceptual changes, use of resources and alignment strategies.

This dissertation is a primarily theoretical study of self-organization, through which a constellation of organizations can control the process of strategic adaptation in the paradigm shift. Curiously, existing theories about the control mechanism seem to be insufficient to address the problems of control seriously in the pre-paradigmatic state. The dissertation includes three main chapters of literature review, theoretical analysis, and case study. The extensive literature review provides a fertile foundation to support this study. The chapter of theoretical analysis aims to theorize about self-organization as a new control mechanism. The case study chapter seeks to address the new conceptual model and its application to the phenomenon. Consequently, the dissertation not only presents a detailed comparison of existing theories but also elaborates the new model of control mechanism. This study considers the phenomenon of manufacturing without a factory as the evidence of the controlled system without governance structure in the paradigm shift. Through the content analysis method, the case study analyzes how differently IBM and Apple, Inc. have controlled manufacturing processes entirely outsourced to external partners and why IBM failed the challenges while Apple could succeed. The theoretical analysis addresses why firms must manage external adjustment processes and be agile with the high capacity of information processing as a constellation of organizations grows. This study will shed lights on uncovering the management of postmodern organizations in the twenty-first century. / Business Administration/Strategic Management

Pourquoi et comment la gestion des processus d'innovations pédagogiques se pratique dans les universités françaises? Cette recherche se situe au carrefour de quatre thématiques complémentaires : le management de l'innovation, le management stratégique, l'entrepreneuriat organisationnel ou intrapreneuriat et les systèmes d'innovation. A partir d'une perspective comportementale, la thèse emprunte aussi des concepts issus de divers domaines des sciences sociales, pour identifier et analyser en profondeur les processus de transformations organisationnelles qui sont toujours situés au sein d'un contexte institutionnel donné et qui émergent des interactions entre les processus stratégiques au niveau organisationnel et les processus de changement de pratiques au niveau individuel. Les innovations pédagogiques universitaires en constituent le terrain empirique. L'extrême autonomie et la faible interdépendance fonctionnelle dans les activités d'enseignement à l'université rendent ce terrain particulièrement prometteur pour une étude des processus innovants de l'action collective en contexte organisationnel. / Why and how does management of innovative initiatives proceed in French universities? This research is at the crossroads of four complementary themes: innovation management, strategic management, corporate entrepreneurship or intrapreneurship and innovation systems. This PHD thesis is drawing up a behavioral perspective; also borrows concepts from various fields of social sciences to identify and thoroughly analyze the processes of organizational transformations that are always embedded in a given institutional context and emerge from interactions between strategic processes at the organizational level and change of practices processes at the individual level. The empirical field consists of Innovations in learning and teaching in higher education. Academic Teaching and Learning practices are characterized by autonomy and low interdependence; they represent a promise field for studying innovative process in collective action in organizational context.

This research aims to understand the context, process and the content of the strategic changes which characterized the history of ALPOX, a self-managed alcohol distillery set up in Porto Xavier, a small town in the northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul State (in the south of Brazil), from 1984 to 2003. In a general way the research interprets and emphasizes the real strategic changes happened in the period mentioned above, the internal and external factors in the context that influenced it and the result got by the organization with the change implementation. In relation to the used methodology, it is an unusual case study developed through a qualitative approach (Triviños, 1992; Gil, 1999; Yin, 2001) and a contextualizing approach (Pettigrew, 1987, 1992). At the same time, it was also based on the method of historical and longitudinal analysis (Kimberly, 1976; Salama, 1992) when adopting the direct research procedures ( Mintzberg and McHugh, 1985). From the historical and interpretative analysis of the organization, it was described the main critical events occurred at the distillery and it was identified the three-strategic periods which make up the studied period. The first strategic period (1984-1990) is characterized by the implementation of the distillery in that town and the mobilization towards the whole structure of the first cane-plantations. The second one (1991-1996) signs the organization renting period as a strategy to overcome the financial crisis. And the third one (1997-2003) is marked by the strategic decision of the company s failure and the renting of the broken mass by COOPERCANA. During each strategic period it was done an analysis based on theoretical approaches aiming a better explanation about the strategic changes. The theoretical explanation made possible a more accurate comprehension about the events and their meanings attached by the organizational actors (interviewed people) and by the researcher through the perception and the parallels identification from the existing theoretical approaches about the subject. So it is emphasized as the main contributions of the present study: the strategic change discussion in an organization of the sugar-alcohol agriindustrial sector which plays an important role on the Brazilian economy as in the region it is insert; the methodology used in the research because it privileges the analysis into a historical, contextualizing and processional perspective, providing much information about the formulation process of an organization s strategies in the Brazilian context; and a critical reflection on the strategic behavior adopted throughout the history of the distillery serving as subsidies for future decisions and actions of its directors. / Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender o contexto, processo e conteúdo das mudanças estratégicas que marcaram a história da ALPOX, destilaria de álcool autônoma situada na cidade de Porto Xavier no Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período compreendido entre 1984-2003. De maneira geral, interpreta e evidencia quais foram as mudanças estratégicas efetivas ocorridas no referido período, quais os fatores contextuais externos e internos que a influenciaram e qual o resultado obtido pela organização com a implementação da mudança. Em termos da metodologia empregada, trata-se de um estudo de caso singular desenvolvido através da abordagem qualitativa (Triviños, 1992; Gil, 1999; Yin, 2001) e contextualista (Pettigrew, 1987,1992). Ao mesmo tempo, utilizou-se do método de análise longitudinal e histórica (Kimberly, 1976; Salama, 1992) ao adotar os procedimentos da direct research (Mintzberg e McHugh, 1985). A partir da análise histórica e interpretativa da organização, descreveu-se os principais eventos críticos ocorridos na destilaria e identificou-se os três períodos estratégicos que compõem o período estudado. O primeiro período estratégico (1984-1990) caracteriza-se pela implantação da destilaria no município e a mobilização para a estruturação dos primeiros canaviais. O segundo (1991-1996) assinala o período de arrendamento da empresa como medida estratégica para sair da crise financeira. E o terceiro período (1997-2003) é marcado pela decisão estratégica de falência da indústria e o arrendamento da massa falida pela COOPERCANA. Em cada período estratégico realizou-se uma análise fundamentada em abordagens teóricas possibilitando uma melhor explicação das mudanças estratégicas. A explicação teórica propiciou a compreensão mais apurada dos eventos e dos seus significados atribuídos pelos atores organizacionais (entrevistados) e pelo pesquisador através da percepção e identificação de paralelos a partir das abordagens teóricas existentes sobre o assunto. Desta forma, destaca-se como principais contribuições do presente estudo: a discussão sobre mudança estratégica em uma empresa do setor agroindustrial sucroalcooleiro que desempenha um papel representativo na economia brasileira como na região de sua inserção; a metodologia da pesquisa por privilegiar a análise numa perspectiva histórica, contextual e processual, fornecendo uma gama de informações sobre o processo de formulação de estratégias de uma organização no contexto brasileiro; e, a reflexão crítica sobre o comportamento estratégico adotado ao longo da história da destilaria servindo de subsídios para futuras decisões e ações dos seus dirigentes.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-07-15T16:32:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Fernando de Lucca Candia_.pdf: 1282320 bytes, checksum: c009f19ebfa998ca1088d2d278cdaccc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T16:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Fernando de Lucca Candia_.pdf: 1282320 bytes, checksum: c009f19ebfa998ca1088d2d278cdaccc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-19 / Nenhuma / A presente pesquisa consiste em um estudo transversal de cunho descritivo aplicado nas empresas componentes do cluster de Automação e Controle do Estado do RS. Seu objetivo é analisar se a tipologia estratégica desenvolvida por Desarbo et al. (2005) é capaz de diferenciar as estratégias de adaptação das empresas componentes da amostra considerada, bem como entender as relações existentes entre as capacidades estratégicas, as incertezas ambientais percebidas e o desempenho organizacional sob a ótica dos gestores estratégicos. Através de uma abordagem quantitativa, o estudo submeteu à amostra estudada o questionário proposto por Desarbo et al. (2005) com inserções e adaptações sugeridas pelo autor. Os dados obtidos foram então organizados e submetidos a um conjunto de procedimentos estatísticos – dentre os quais se destacam a estatística descritiva, a análise de conglomerados, a ANOVA e as análises de correlação e de regressão – com vistas a testar e validar as hipóteses investigadas. Os resultados encontrados permitem identificar diferenças nos processos de adaptação estratégica das empresas do cluster. Entretanto, não foi revelada nenhuma correlação significativa das capacidades estratégicas e incertezas com o desempenho organizacional não sendo possível, portanto, estabelecer qualquer modelo preditivo que pudesse explicar a variação do desempenho organizacional (variável dependente) pela variação dos níveis das capacidades estratégicas e das incertezas ambientais (variáveis independentes). / This research consists of a cross-sectional study with descriptive nature applied to the cluster Automação e Controle RS. Its goal is to analyze whether the strategic typology developed by Desarbo et al. (2005) is able to differentiate adaptation strategies in the companies which are part of the sample, as well as understand the relationship among strategic capabilities, environmental uncertainties and firm performance from the perspective of strategic management. Thru a quantitative approach, this study used the framework proposed by Desarbo et al. (2005) with some additions and adaptations suggested by the author. The data collected were organized and submitted to a set of statistical procedures - including descriptive statistic, cluster analysis, ANOVA and correlation and regression analysis - in order to test and validate the hypotheses investigated. It was possible to identify differences in the strategic adjustment processes in the cluster. However, no significant correlation among strategic capabilities, uncertainties and organizational performance was revealed. Because of this, no predictive model that explained the variation in the organizational performance (dependent variable) by varying the levels of strategic capabilities and environmental uncertainties (independent variables) was suggested.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jony.pdf: 2214867 bytes, checksum: 61f4f2db4cd17a1187ea74d5a6acb987 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No presente trabalho de dissertação o autor descreve, analisa e conclui sobre a predominância dos tipos de adaptações estratégicas vivenciadas pela organização pesquisada ao longo de sua existência. Como estudo de caso de um único indivíduo, no formato de pesquisa-ação, foi pesquisada uma empresa brasileira de desenvolvimento e comercialização de softwares integradas de gestão empresarial: a Datasul, no período de 1978 a 2006, segundo o modelo de adaptações estratégicas de Herebenik e Joyce (1985). Fundada em 1978, a empresa pesquisada atua no setor de tecnologia de software, e está exposta continuamente a novas tendências tecnológicas e a ambientes competitivos agressivos a mundiais. Para efetuar a pesquisa, foi adotada a coleta de dados primários e secundários, com mais de uma técnica de coleta de dados, para avaliar, sem testes prévios, as convergências das observações feitas, por meio de observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com executivos de nível estratégico, pesquisas documentais e registros de arquivos. Com base na tabulação final, a vista do modelo escolhido, foram classificadas as diversas adaptações estratégicas adotadas pela empresa pesquisada, o que permitiu identificar a tipologia predominante das adaptações adotadas. A predominância encontrada foi a de adaptações estratégicas denominadas de seleção natural , na quais existe alto determinismo ambiental e baixa escolha estratégica. Como resultado final da pesquisa, ficou comprovado que, em empresas como a que foi foco da pesquisa, as escolhas estratégicas costumam ser mínimas e as adaptações ao ambiente são necessárias para que não ocorra a alienação competitiva.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 74572.pdf: 974142 bytes, checksum: 5352658221f1fac6920a21ccc0574290 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The expansion of the higher education and the permanent search by an education of quality led the government to implement evaluation politics in the institutions of Brazilian higher education from the decade of 1980. The programs of evaluation introduced during the period in study were strategically adapted to the internal and external environments adjusting itself to the educational, social, economic, and political factors and to the prominent internal factors and inherent to each program. Within this context, the present study has like general objective to analyze the Program of Evaluation of the University Reform (PARU), the Program of Institutional Evaluation of the Brazilian Universities (PAIUB), the National Exam of Courses (ENC), the Evaluation of the Conditions of Offering (ACO), the Evaluation of the Conditions of Education (ACE), the Institutional Evaluation (AI) and the National System of Evaluation of Higher Education (SINAES), and to identify its adaptations The research enabled the verification of the settlements long-suffering by the programs in terms of content, procedure and context. The present dissertation has a qualitative nature, it is an exploratory, descriptive and evaluative research; and the data have been collected through bibliographical research and documental examination. Key words: Strategic adaptation; Evaluation; Institutional evaluation programs. / A expansão do ensino superior e a busca permanente por um ensino de qualidade conduziram o Governo a implementar políticas avaliativas nas instituições de ensino superior brasileiras a partir da década de 1980. Os programas de avaliação introduzidos durante o período em estudo adaptaram-se estrategicamente aos ambientes externos e internos ajustando-se aos fatores políticos, econômicos, sociais e educacionais e aos fatores internos relevantes e inerentes a cada programa. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o Programa de Avaliação da Reforma Universitária (PARU), o Programa de Avaliação Institucional das Universidades Brasileiras (PAIUB), o Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC), a Avaliação das Condições de Oferta (ACO), a Avaliação das Condições de Ensino (ACE), a Avaliação Institucional (AI) e o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação do Ensino Superior (SINAES), e identificar as adaptações estratégicas sofridas por cada programa. A pesquisa possibilitou a constatação dos ajustes sofridos pelos programas em termos de conteúdo, processo e contexto. A presente dissertação possui natureza qualitativa; utilizou-se dos tipos de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e avaliativa; métodos indutivo e diacrônico; e como técnica de coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica e de análise documental.

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Bakgrund: Branschen för tunga kommersiella fordon har historiskt verkat i en relativt mogen kontext, där värdeerbjudandet kretsat kring inkrementella förbättringar av förbränningsmotorn. Ett ökat behov av hållbara transporter och nya framväxande teknologier gör nu inträde i branschen vilket skapar en disruptiv affärskontext som sätter sedan länge rådande affärsmodeller och strategier ur spel. För att som etablerad aktör i branschen förbli relevant krävs anpassning. Med begränsade resurser måste nya investeringar balanseras med behovet av att vårda den dagliga verksamheten. Genom att beakta centrala avvägningar kan övergången hanteras. Syfte: Denna studies syfte är att med ett explorativt förhållningssätt bidra till ökad förståelse för hur etablerade företag inom branschen för tunga kommersiella fordon hanterar en disruptiv affärskontext, genom att se till de centrala avvägningar som behöver göras för att klara av omställningen till ett disruptivt affärslandskap. Metod: Studien har antagit en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med en fallstudiedesign. Den vetenskapliga inriktningen är realism och studien har en abduktiv forskningsansats. Datainsamling har skett genom 11 semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentstudier. Studiens analysmetod är tematisk analys. Slutsats: Branschen för tunga kommersiella fordon är i starten av disruptiv innovation vilket leder till en disruptiv affärskontext. Etablerade aktörer därinom behöver anpassa sig för att vidhålla dess relevans i branschen och långsiktigt överleva som företag. Vid denna anpassning finner studien att etablerade aktörer kan lära av gårdagen, planera för morgondagen och agera idag genom att se till de centrala avvägningarna: Driva eller drivas av efterfrågan, Resursallokering och portföljutformning, Modulariseringsstrategi, Företagets inblandning med externa parter, Rollen som OEM i det framtida transportekosystemet. Samtliga avvägningar påverkar etablerade aktörers förmåga att hantera en disruptiv affärskontext både positivt och negativt och måste beaktas av etablerade aktörer som anpassar sig till disruptiv innovation. / Background: The industry for heavy commercial vehicles has historically operated in a relatively mature context, where the value proposition has revolved around incremental improvements of the internal combustion engine. An increased need for sustainable transport and new emerging technology is now entering the industry, which creates a disruptive business context that puts longstanding business models and strategies out of play. In order for incumbents in the industry to remain adequate, adapting is required. With limited resources, new investments must be balanced with the need of nurturing the day-to-day operations. By taking key trade-offs into account the transition can be managed. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute with an exploratory approach to a greater understanding of how established companies in the heavy commercial vehicle industry handle a disruptive business context, by looking at the key trade-offs that need to be considered to cope with the transition to a disruptive business landscape. Methodology: The study has been conducted with a qualitative research strategy and case study design. The research approach is realism, and the study has an abductive research approach. The gathering of empirical data has been conducted through 11 semi-structured interviews and document studies. The study has utilised a thematic analysis. Conclusion: The industry for heavy commercial vehicles is at the start of disruptive innovation, which leads to a disruptive business context. Incumbents need to adapt to maintain their relevance in the industry and survive as a company in the long term. With this adaptation, the study finds that incumbents can learn from yesterday, plan for tomorrow and act today by looking to the following key trade-offs: Drive or driven by demand, Resource allocation and portfolio design, Modularisation strategy, The company's involvement with external parties, The role as OEM in the future transport ecosystem. All trade-offs affect the ability of established players to handle a disruptive business context both positively and negatively and must be considered by incumbents who adapt to disruptive innovation.