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Telecommunication is one of the keys to sustainable national development in South Africa. Where other kinds of public infrastructure have collapsed, mobile operators are reaching people in rural areas (without roads, rails, or a stable power supply). Telecommunication also is a fast moving high-tech field where technology transfers occur regularly. Technology transfer however is a complex subject where governmental regulations, social and cultural aspects, needs, expectations, aspirations, financial abilities, and technological capabilities play a major role. Therefore transfer models that neglect these aspects often cause ineffective utilization of technology. Telecommunication technology transfers between two parties at different hierarchical levels of technology know-how/utilization (as between multi-national companies and less developed countries (LDCs)/South Africa) often occur with limited or no advantages to the LDC. A transfer model is therefore needed to improve the situation and make technology transfers a process from which both parties can benefit simultaneously. This research attempts to supply advice and guidelines to the telecommunication industry of South Africa on how to improve the situation and conduct action in the future. The model was derived at through a background study and analysis, a literature study on existing transfer models, research on the current problem and a situation analysis on the basis of the model. A number of aspects present are not up to standard and should get special attention urgently. It is within the industry's power to correct these. The government also has a vital role to play to ensure sustainable growth and to allow telecommunications to play its part in national development. The situation can be improved through the use of the transfer model but also with a "simultaneous-situation-improvement-plan" which involves rural awareness, quality of education, crime reduction and a focus alignment when doing rural network expansion and/or investments Telecommunication can no longer remain just as a luxury to the few privileged in big civilised cities and a dream to the rural citizens. If this way of thinking is continued, South Africa will certainly pay a very high price. / Thesis (MEng (Technology Management))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) / unrestricted

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper reports on the Space Shuttle, Record and Playback Subsystem (RPS) upgrade project turnaround brought about through extensive collaborative software development. The new project and systems engineering methodologies employed on this project resulted in many positive effects over the status quo method employed to develop and upgrade systems. These effects include; 1) a reduction in the initial software development costs, 2) a reduction in the development timeline, 3) improved marketability of the software technology developed, 4) improved product quality deployed to operations, and 5) improved maintainability. Attributes within each of the aforementioned are examined in support of these assertions. Prior to implementing this new method, the RPS upgrade project had been under development for seven years using the standard software development method. This involves developing custom applications using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) hardware, operating systems and compilers. A change in strategy was effected on this pathfinder project by adopting a COTS telemetry ground station software package to provide basic ground station functionality and building additional required capabilities to complete the project. The merits of having employed this methodology are explored using the probable outcome of continued custom software development as a basis for comparison . This collaboration between the United Space Alliance (USA) and AP Data Systems Inc.(an AP Labs company), resulted in software innovations in FM and PCM processing software as well as general ground station management software. The four technology transfer submittals for new software innovations resulting from this collaboration are discussed.

published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

This master thesis is focused on issues of technology transfer and cooperation between universities and application area. The aim is to disclose the barriers and factors that affect technology transfer and to identify the spatial pattern of cooperation. Theory of regional systems, concepts of triple helix, differentiated knowledge bases and models of learning are verified by a case study of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. For the verification were used guided interviews with selected leaders of research teams at Faculty of Science. This thesis points out that the local specifics shape the character of cooperation. On the other hand comparison with research institutions in South Moravia shows that barriers affecting technology transfer are national. The comparison also shows that the existence of supporting institutions can positively affect the transfer of knowledge between academic and industry sphere. Key words: technology transfer, cooperation, personal contacts

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / This thesis presents a practical method for calculating and representing entropy-based metrics for a set of bibliographic records evolving over time, in support of Dr. Michael Saboe's dissertation research which addressed the ability to measure software technology transfer. The implementation of the analysis methodology for determining the information-temperature of evolving datasets containing bibliographic records is described. The information-temperature metric is based on information entropy and is used to relate the maximum complexity of a system to the current complexity. The implementation of the analysis methodology required using data mining techniques to prepare the datasets. Additionally, since the information-temperature metric derived from Saboe's work was a new emerging concept, the data analysis methodology had to be refined several times in order to obtain the desired results. An iterative software development paradigm was used to write the application in 3 iterations using Visual Basic. At the end of the implementation the data analysis process became systemized allowing the outlining of the steps to compute the temperature of datasets, and it is estimated that the learning curve of the analysis can be reduced by 50 percent through integration and packing of the analysis functions into a stand-alone application with an intuitive user interface. / Civilian, United States Army

Thesis (M.Com. (Development Theory and Policy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2016. / Increasingly, innovation through technology transfer is seen as a mechanism through which economic growth can be spurred. The South African National Innovation System (NIS) is built on this premise, leading to the emergence of Technology Transfer Organizations (TTOs) such as the Technology Innovation Agency’s (TIA’s) Technology Stations Programme. The Technology Stations Programme addresses, and attempts to alleviate, the slow overall decline of South African industrial sectors through innovation work for industrialization. It is not clear, however, how the TIA monitors and evaluates, and hence measures the economic and socio-economic outcomes of the Technology Stations Programme. This is because the relationship between the strategic objectives of the programme, and the performance indicators used for impact assessment is not clear. This study identifies the use of the Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation (SETI) Scorecard of indicators as the framework for performance reporting at the Technology Stations Programme. The study describes the SETI framework and then evaluates it, finding that it is not well defined and lacks the properties required of a framework of indicators to make it an adequate tool for performance reporting. Other problems compromising the reporting on the Technology Stations Programme have to do with the seemingly incomplete nature of reports, occasional incoherence and seeming carelessness where there are graphic errors in the reporting. This inadequate monitoring and evaluation, and performance reporting is concerning because interview work suggests that the Technology Stations Programme is highly successful in supporting SMMEs and offering them technology related services that contribute to industrial policy through innovation work. The failure to have a SETI Scorecard of indicators that is functional enough to make these outcomes in the Technology Stations Programme visible in formal reporting is concerning as programme evaluation should make known the effects of policies. In the case of the Technology Stations Programme these effects are crucial as the technology transfer taking place in the programme is anticipated to achieve grand objectives in the way of economic value adding and industrial expansion. This necessitates the need to capture the outcomes related to these objectives, and make future decisions on the Technology Stations Programme as well as other technology transfer programmes.

A partir da Lei de Inovação de 2004, mais de 100 Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs) foram criados no Brasil. Esta profusão de núcleos foi um avanço em termos de quantidade, mas não necessariamente de qualidade. Dada a importância da inovação para a evolução e desenvolvimento e competitividade da economia brasileira, é importante verificar formas de otimizar o trabalho dos NITs e promover o relacionamento entre academia e indústria. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a dinâmica dos NITs e identificar a relação entre estratégia e organização do trabalho nas universidades brasileiras, comparando com prescrições presentes na literatura. Os objetivos específicos são: Confirmar o papel do NIT no sistema de inovação brasileiro e na transferência de conhecimento entre a universidade e a indústria; Identificar na literatura modelos de gestão para NITs, incluindo estratégias e estruturação organizacional; Identificar resultados mensuráveis nos NITs e priorizá-los; Verificar a adequação de modelos presentes na literatura para o contexto do sistema de inovação brasileiro; Verificar atuação e resultados de NIT brasileiro, considerando os pontos descritos acima. Esta análise será realizada a partir de revisão de literatura sobre gestão de núcleos de inovação tecnológica no Brasil e no exterior de modo a identificar modelos de gestão de NIT presentes na literatura seguida de estudo de caso de NIT brasileiro. Espera-se entender se a estrutura e, em especial, o perfil dos funcionários dos NITs pesquisados está de acordo com a sua estratégia. Atualmente há um foco muito grande em produção e redação de patentes, e menor na comercialização de tecnologias e formação de empresas spin-outs/start-ups. A pesquisa demonstrou que há uma disparidade entre o sistema de apoio para inovação de NITs presentes na literatura e no caso brasileiro, realizado no NIT da Unicamp (inova). Às funções inerentes ao NIT adiciona-se a gestão de redes regionais de inovação e incentivo à cultura empreendedora na universidade, tentando compensar falhas no sistema de inovação local. / After the Innovation Law, from 2004, more than 100 technology transfer offices (TTOs) were created in Brazil in less than six years. This profusion of offices was a step forward in quantity, but not necessarily in quality. Given the importance of innovation for the development and competitiveness of the local economy, it is important to verify ways to optimize the work of TTOs and promote the relationship between industry and academia. This dissertation has as a general objective to identify the relationship between strategy and organization of tasks in the TTOs from Brazilian universities, taking into consideration models present in the literature. Specific objectives are: to confirm the role of the TTO in the transfer of knowledge between university and industry; Identify in the current papers models for TTO management, including organizational strategy and structure; Identify measurable results from TTOs and prioritize them; Verify adequacy of existing models from current papers in the context of the Brazilian innovation system; Verify the work and results of Brazilian TTO, considering points raised above. This analysis will be built upon revision of current papers that touch on the subject of technology transfer offices in Brazil and abroad aiming at identifying models for TTO management, followed by a case study from Brazil. It\'s expected the understanding of if the structure and, in special, the profile of TTOs employees, is aligned with its strategy. Today, there is a lot of focus on production and writing of patents and less in the commercialization of technologies and in the creation of spin-out companies. Research showed that there is a disparity between the support system for innovation in TTOs from the literature and the Brazilian case study, done at the University of Campinas TTO (Inova). To the classic functions of a TTO, must be added the management of regional innovation networks and incentive to the entrepreneur culture at the university, trying to compensate flaws in the local innovation system.

At last, this study examines the welfare effects of export share requirement in a less developed country (LDC) with foreign investment, labour unemployment (or underemployment) and imperfect competition in its importable sector. In the quota case, introducing export share requirement always benefits a Harris-Todaro or Lewis' economy irrespective of free or restricted entry of local rivals. The policy unambiguously dampens the domestic price of imported goods, expands the importable sector, reduces labour unemployment (or underemployment) and improves national welfare. When free entry and exit of domestic players are allowed, the policy also induces emergence of local rivals. The LDC should always impose 100% export share requirement on foreign investment for attaining maximal welfare. / This dissertation consists of three independent essays on international trade policies. First of all, this dissertation provides a general equilibrium model on a small economy for examining the individual as well as the joint effects of pollution tax and equity share restrictions on the investment from multinational corporations (MNCs). The results show that free trade, free capital flow and the Pigouvian tax (i.e. at a rate equal to the marginal damage of pollution) is the first-best policy for the host country. Should imports be subject to irremovable tariff, the second-best policy is 100% foreign ownership of MNC subsidiaries, coupled with pollution tax higher than the Pigouvian rate. Allowing wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries and taxing pollution less than the Pigouvian rate is the second-best option for an economy adopting quantitative restriction policies. In particular, if quota is adopted by the host country, who retains all the trade restriction rent, the second best policy mix will be the Pigouvian tax and allowing full foreign ownership of MNC subsidiaries. / We then proceed to a game theoretic model to investigate how an industrialized country serves the market of a host country by transferring its technology to the host country's importable sector, and how the host country government reacts by means of export share requirement to optimize its national welfare. The interaction between the host country and the technology-exporting country has been modeled as a non-cooperative game. In the simultaneous-move framework, we have derived the existence of Nash equilibrium. The export of technology should earn a positive royalty, and the host country mandates some portion of importable good produced by foreign firms for export. The effects of raising tariff on importable good and importing more capital-intensive technology are also investigated. In addition, the sub-game perfect equilibria of two possible sequential-move frameworks have also been formulated. / Tai Chi-hung. / "December 1999." / Adviser: Eden S. H. Yu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-08, Section: A, page: 3296. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.