Title: Temperament and its consideration in the formation of training units in tennis for younger pupils. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to determine temperament of pupils, to apply . model training unit and find out how much influence their athletic . ……………. performanece during training. . Methods: In this paper is use subjective method of observation, analysis methods of artistic expression, assessment method using a numerical rating scales and questionnaires investigation detecting subjective feelings from treined unit. Results: I found that the most frequently occurring is sanguine temperament, around fifty percent, then the least frequent is melancholic temperament. I also observed that temperament should really be an integral part in the creation of training units in tennis for younger pupils. Almost all tested (14/15) has seen positive reception during training units offs of their temperament and negative using opposing units. Likewise, it was with efficiency and dedication of younger pupils during training. Keywords: pupils, tennis, temperament, training unit, psyche

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Jennifer Minick-Bormann / Cattle temperament has historically influenced selection decisions due to ease of handling. However, temperament may also influence economically relevant traits. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between temperament, Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) incidence, and resulting carcass merit in feedlot steers. Across a two year period, 2,870 crossbred steers were shipped from a single ranch source to a feedlot. At the time of feedlot placement, as well as at the time of reimplantation, temperament was measured via chute score (CS) and exit velocity (EV). Blood samples were taken upon arrival to the feedlot to determine circulating concentrations of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and cortisol, both of which are involved in immune function. Performance traits, including weight and gains, were measured at feedlot placement (d 0), reimplantation (d 73-100), and again 59 to 70 days later. Recorded carcass data included HCW (HCW), USDA yield grade (YG), marbling score (MS), ribeye area, and lung scores. Phenotypic statistical analysis was performed with SAS statistical software (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC) and genetic parameters were estimated using ASREML (Ver. 3.0, VSN International, Ltd., Hemel Hempstead, UK). The pedigree file included records of 7,177 animals with up to 7 generation of pedigree. Contemporary group (CG, n=11) included initial ranch unit, date of arrival to the feedlot, feedlot pen, and processing dates. Fixed effects included in the model were pre-feedlot entry BRD treatment and CG. Cattle with higher CS at placement subsequently had more BRD incidence (P < 0.01). There was a positive phenotypic correlation between placement CS and blood cortisol concentrations (r = 0.07; P< 0.01), and cattle with higher cortisol concentration contracted BRD more often than their calmer peers (P < 0.05). Circulating IL-8 concentration had no influence on feedlot health. At the time of reimplantation, cattle that had been treated for BRD in the feedlot had lower chute scores (P < 0.001). Heritability estimates for CS at placement, EV at placement, CS at reimplantation, and EV at reimplantation were 0.23, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.27, respectively. BRD incidence had a negative genetic correlation with all measures of temperament recorded at the second processing period.

Social competence during kindergarten has been linked to adaptive teacher-child and peer relationships. The quality of parents’ interaction with their children during the toddler years may promote better social development placing children on a trajectory towards social competence. Quite possibly, children vary in how responsive they are to parenting efforts. This study evaluated the extent to which positive parenting predicted change in social competence from child age 3 to 4 among 137 parent-child dyads. Observational measures of positive parenting and fearful temperament were analyzed when children were 3-years of age. Teacher reports of social competence in the classroom were collected during children’s 4-year old assessment. Positive parenting was positively associated with children’s level of social competence. No evidence emerged of fearful temperament as a moderator for the association between positive parenting and social competence. Regardless of children’s temperament, all children benefit from positive parenting during early childhood.

Children who are more fearful and inhibited during early childhood are at greater risk for social problems (e.g., loneliness, social isolation) and clinically significant internalizing disorders during adolescence and adulthood (e.g., Rubin, Chen, McDougall, Bowker, & McKinnon, 1995; Williams et al., 2009). While the impact of fearful temperament on adjustment indices are regularly the focus of study, less well understood are biological and social processes that may affect the development of fearful temperament. The present study considered the role of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and parenting on change in fearful and inhibited temperamental characteristics during early childhood. The s/s genotype was expected to be associated with elevated and sustained levels of fearful temperament. Moreover, supportive parenting was expected to be associated with less fearful temperament while more harsh parenting would be associated with more fearful temperamental characteristics, especially for children with the s/s 5-HTTLPR genotype. Study hypotheses were tested using 165 families (i.e., biological mothers and fathers, 3-5 year old children) who participated in the Family Transitions Project (FTP: R. D. Conger & K. J. Conger, 2002). Children were genotyped using cheek swabs. Parents reported on children’s temperamental characteristics at ages 3, 4, and 5. Independent observations of mothers and fathers completing a puzzle with their 3 and 4 year old children were used to measure parenting. Results were partially supportive of predictions. Parenting interacted with the 5-HTTLPR genotype to predict trajectories of shyness and soothability dimensions of fearful temperament, but the pattern of findings varied for mothers and fathers. Results are discussed in terms of differential susceptibility and the conceptualization of risk and resilience.

No description available.

Orientador: Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa / Banca: Josineudson Augusto II Vasconcelos Silva / Banca: Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos para características reprodutivas e de temperamento em bovinos da raça Nelore. Os registros referentes às características reprodutivas foram provenientes de animais nascidos entre os anos de 1990 e 2009, obtidos a partir do arquivo zootécnico da Agropecuária Jacarezinho Ltda®. Para as características de temperamento, foram utilizados dados de 16.800 animais (machos e fêmeas) nascidos entre 2008 e 2012. O temperamento foi avaliado aos 18 meses de idade com aplicação de cinco testes: escore de movimentação (MOV), escore de tensão (TENS), escore de contenção (EC), velocidade de fuga (VF) e escore de temperamento (ET). As características reprodutivas utilizadas foram: habilidade de permanência no rebanho (ou stayability, STAY) e reconcepção da novilha (REC). Para VF foi utilizado um modelo linear, e para MOV, TENS, EC, ET, STAY e REC, um modelo Bayesiano não linear. As estimativas de herdabilidade para as características de temperamento variaram de 0,09 ± 0,03 a 0,21 ± 0,02, e para as características reprodutivas, de 0,14 ± 0,02 a 0,23 ± 0,02, indicando que as características utilizadas no presente estudo podem responder à seleção direta e promover progresso genético na raça Nelore. As estimativas de correlações genéticas entre as características reprodutivas e de temperamento foram de baixa a moderada magnitude, como segue: REC-EC (-0,26 ± 0,14), REC-VF (-0,06 ± 0,10), REC-MOV (-0,22 ± 0,11), REC-ET (... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between the reproductive and temperament traits in Nellore cattle. Reproductive traits records were obtained from Agropecuária Jacarezinho Ltda® database, considering the animals born between 1990 and 2009. The temperament traits were measured in 16,800 animals (males and females) born between 2008 and 2012. The temperament was evaluated when the animals were 18 months of age, by applying five measurements: movement score (MOV), tension score (TENS), crush score (EC), flight speed (VF) and temperament score (ET). The reproductive traits were: stayability (STAY) and heifers rebreeding (HR). For FS was used a linear model and to MOV, TENS, CS, ET, STAY and HR was used a Bayesian non-linear model (threshold). The heritability estimates for the temperament traits ranged from 0.09 ± 0.03 to 0.21 ± 0.02 and from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.23 ± 0.02 for reproductive traits, indicating that temperament and reproductive can respond to direct selection and promote genetic progress in Nellore cattle. The estimates of genetic correlation between the reproductive and temperament traits were of low and moderate magnitude, as follow: REC-EC (-0,26 ± 0,14), REC-VF (-0,06 ± 0,10), REC-MOV (-0,22 ± 0,11), REC-ET (-0,12 ± 0,14), REC-TENS (-0,09 ± 0,14), STAY-EC (-0,23 ± 0,18), STAY-VF (0,02 ± 0,11), STAY-MOV (-0,02 ± 0,14), STAY-ET (-0,07 ± 0,15) e STAY-TEM (-0,07 ± 0,15). The phenotypic correlations of HR and STAY with temperament... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Tecknande är en process av representation. Olika människor har olika sätt att teckna på, olika teckningsmanér. Hur en person tecknar berättar något om hur den personen förstår världen. Det här examensarbetet utforskar hur olika personer utvecklar olika teckningsmanér genom mötet av olika influenser. Undersökningen är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre personer i åldern 24-29, som tecknar aktivt. Intervjuerna lyfter fram de olika informanternas berättelser kring hur de genom livet har utvecklats inom tecknande. Under intervjuerna har jag använt mig av metoden bildelicitering med informanternas teckningar som underlag. I samband med intervjuerna har jag även låtit informanterna instruera mig i hur de tecknar och därefter har jag försökt undersöka informanternas teckningsmanér praktiskt genom tecknande. Undersökningen lutar sig på teoribildningen Design för lärande, som förklarar begreppet kunskap som en individs förmåga att engagera sig i världen på meningsfulla sätt. Något som framkommit av undersökningen är hur informanterna beskriver sina möten med nya uttryck och hur de till viss del har approprierat uttrycken för att utveckla sina egna teckningsmanér. Jag har i undersökningen betraktat appropriering som en process i att lära sig engagera sig i världen på nya meningsfulla sätt. Undersökningen gestaltades i ett interaktivt verk i form av ett teckningsbord med en tillhörande film om teckningsmanér. Gestaltningen ställdes ut på Konstfacks vårutställning 2019. Detta har lett till en didaktisk reflektion kring appropriering som lärprocess inom bildpedagogik.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o temperamento durante o período de confinamento através das análises das correlações entre três indicadores de temperamento (Escore de Reatividade, Velocidade de Fuga e Avaliação Qualitativa de Comportamento). Foram utilizados 124 bovinos machos inteiros, filhos de cruzamento de touros Angus e vacas Nelore, com peso vivo inicial médio de 286 kg &plusmn;14,2 e com idade média de 17 &plusmn;1 meses, alojados em currais de confinamento, com área de 25,8 m2 por animal, e disponibilidade de 6 m2 por animal de sombreamento artificial. O confinamento teve duração de 130 dias (18 dias de adaptação + 112 dias de experimento). Foi registrado o temperamento dos garrotes, por meio dos testes de Escore de Reatividade (ER), Velocidade de Fuga (VF) e Avaliação Qualitativa do Comportamento (QBA), durante o manejo de pesagem a cada 28 dias no tronco de contenção. Os dados de QBA foram analisados por duas variâncias distintas após transformação em arco seno raiz quando não normalizados, uma com efeito fixo de categoria de VF (lento, mediano, rápido) e outra com efeito fixo de ER, sempre considerando os efeitos de animais como medida repetida no tempo. Correlações de Spearman entre todos os parâmetros foram realizadas. O escore de reatividade na balança (ER) apresentou correlações positivas com as categorias de QBA \"atividade motora\", \"amedrontado\" e \"agitado\", enquanto que, para as categorias \"relaxamento\" e \"calmo\" houveram correlações negativas (r = -0,54 e r = -0,54). A velocidade de fuga apresentou correlação positiva (r = 0,57) com o escore de reatividade. A concentração de cortisol sérico apresentou correlação positiva com as categorias \"atividade motora\" (r = 0,42), \"amedrontado\" (r = 0,46) e, \"agitado\" (r = 0,50) e correlação negativa com \"relaxamento\" e \"calmo\", como esperado. Em relação ao escore de reatividade, houve correlação positiva com os níveis séricos de cortisol (r = 0,38). Houve diferença significativa entre os parâmetros de QBA, VF e cortisol nas classes de escore de reatividade, sendo as maiores médias encontradas na classe 4, para as categorias de QBA \"atividade motora\", \"amedrontado\" e \"agitado\", com médias de 3,46; 5,30 e 5,16, respectivamente, e de 2,16 para VF, e 4,17 para cortisol. Os três indicadores de temperamento estudados decresceram durante o período de confinamento. É possível concluir que as avaliações qualitativas de comportamento (QBA) se mostraram eficientes para um entendimento da relação entre os indicadores de temperamento (ER e VF) e os níveis de estresse (cortisol sérico). Os animais confinados apresentaram melhora no temperamento durante o período de confinamento, devido a um possível processo de habituação, através do manejo no tronco ou do convívio direto com os humanos envolvidos no manejo diário. / This study aimed to evaluate the temperament during the confinement period by analyzing the correlations between three temperament indicators (Reactivity Score, Flight Speed and Qualitative Behavior Assessment). A total of 124 male steers were used, crossbred Angus bulls and Nellore cows, with mean initial live weight of 286 kg &plusmn;14.2 and mean age of 17 &plusmn;1 months housed in confinement pens with an area of 25.8 m2 per animal, and availability of 6 m2 of artificial shading per animal. The confinement lasted for 130 days (18 days of adaptation + 112 days of experiment). It was recorded temperament of steers by means of Reactivity Score (RS), Flight Speed (FS) and Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA) during weighing handling every 28 days in the Squeeze shut. The QBA data were analyzed by two distinct variances after transformation in a sine root arc when not normalized, one with fixed effect of FS category (slow, medium, fast) and another with fixed effect of RS, always considering the effects of animals as repeated measure in time. Spearman correlations among all parameters were performed. The reactivity score during weighing showed a positive correlation with the categories of QBA \"motor activity\", \"frightened\" and \"agitated\", whereas for the \"relaxation\" and \"calm\" categories there were negative correlations (r = -0.54 e r = -0.54). The flight speed showed a positive correlation (r = 0.57) with the reactivity score. Serum cortisol concentration was positively correlated with \"motor activity\" (r = 0.42), \"frightened\" (r = 0.46) and \"agitated\" (r = 0.50) and negatively correlated with \"relaxation\" and \"calm\" as expected. Regarding the reactivity score, there was a positive correlation with serum cortisol levels (r = 0.38). There was a significant difference between the QBA, FS and cortisol parameters in the reactivity score classes, with the highest averages found in class 4, for the QBA categories \"motor activity\", \"frightened\" and \"agitated\", with averages of 3.46; 5.30 and 5.16, respectively, and 2.16 for FS, and 4.17 for cortisol. The three temperament indicators studied decreased during the confinement period. It is possible to conclude that the qualitative evaluations of behavior (QBA) were efficient for an understanding of the relationship between the temperament indicators (RS and FS) and stress levels (serum cortisol). Confined animals presented improvement in temperament during the confinement period due to a possible habituation process, through trunk management or direct contact with the humans involved in the daily management.

Estudos comparando temperamento, caráter e impulsividade entre portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar eutímicos e controles saudáveis têm mostrado escores mais elevados de busca de novidade, esquiva ao dano, autotranscendência e impulsividade, e escores mais baixos de autodirecionamento e cooperatividade entre os portadores de transtorno bipolar. Entretanto, não está claro se esses achados são resultado de um efeito cicatriz dos episódios ou representam marcadores de vulnerabilidade ao transtorno. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar traços de personalidade como prováveis marcadores de vulnerabilidade ao transtorno afetivo bipolar por meio da comparação de escores de temperamento, caráter e impulsividade entre portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar, seus irmãos sem este transtorno e controles saudáveis. Foram avaliados 67 portadores eutímicos de transtorno afetivo bipolar tipo I, 67 irmãos e 70 controles saudáveis utilizando-se o Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter e a Escala de Impulsividade de Barratt. Foram considerados eutímicos os portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar que apresentavam escores 7 na Escala de Avaliação de Depressão de Hamilton e na Escala de Avaliação de Mania de Young. As comparações das médias dos escores de impulsividade e das dimensões de temperamento e caráter entre os três grupos foram realizadas por meio de análise de variância. Testes post-hoc de Games-Howell ou Tukey (em função da homogeneidade de variância das variáveis dependentes) foram utilizados para análises posteriores par a par. O nível de significância alfa foi estabelecido em 5%. O resultados mostraram que portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar eutímicos apresentaram, em relação aos controles saudáveis, escores significativamente mais elevados de busca de novidade, esquiva ao dano e autotranscendência, bem como de impulsividade motora, atencional e de não planejamento, e escores significativamente mais baixos de autodirecionamento e cooperatividade. Os irmãos não afetados por transtorno afetivo bipolar apresentaram, em relação aos controles saudáveis, escores significativamente mais elevados de esquiva ao dano e impulsividade motora, e escores significativamente mais baixos de autodirecionamento. O subgrupo de 32 irmãos sem qualquer diagnóstico psiquiátrico apresentou escores significativamente mais baixos de esquiva ao dano em relação aos controles. Esses resultados sugerem que escores elevados de esquiva ao dano e impulsividade motora e escores baixos de autodirecionamento podem representar marcadores de vulnerabilidade ao transtorno afetivo bipolar, sendo que a dimensão esquiva ao dano destaca-se por ter permanecido elevada mesmo entre os irmãos sem qualquer transtorno psiquiátrico. Esses dados podem contribuir para o avanço no conhecimento sobre os mecanismos neurobiológicos subjacentes ao transtorno afetivo bipolar, bem como para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de tratamento e prevenção desse transtorno / Recent studies have shown that euthymic patients with bipolar disorder present higher scores on impulsivity, novelty seeking, harm avoidance and selftranscendence and lower scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness than healthy controls. However it is unclear whether specific personality traits are vulnerability markers for bipolar disorder or represent a scarring effect of the affective episodes. The aim of this study was to compare temperament, character and impulsivity among patients with bipolar disorder, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls. We assessed 67 euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder type I, 67 full siblings and 70 healthy controls using the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Patients were euthymic if they present a Hamilton depression rating scale score and a Young mania rating scale score less than 8. Analysis of variance was used to compare mean scores of temperament, character and impulsivity among the three groups, and the Games- Howell test and the Tukey test were used as post-hoc tests for pairwise comparisons. The level of significance was set at 5%. Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder showed higher scores on impulsivity, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and selftranscendence, and lower scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness than healthy controls. Their siblings without bipolar disorder diagnosis showed higher scores on harm avoidance and motor impulsivity and lower scores on selfdirectedness than healthy controls. A subset of 32 siblings who never have developed any psychiatric disorder during lifetime showed higher harm avoidance scores than healthy controls. Our results suggest that higher scores on harm avoidance and motor impulsivity, and lower scores no self-directedness may represent vulnerability markers for bipolar disorder. The harm avoidance dimension stands out since it remained higher even among siblings without any axis I psychiatric diagnosis. These data may contribute to further improve preventive strategies in subjects at high risk for bipolar disorder

O presente trabalho tem como objetivos um estudo de validade e a proposta de uma versão adaptada para o Português do Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter, desenvolvido por Cloninger para crianças (JTCI). Este instrumento avalia a personalidade da criança sob o ponto de vista do modelo dimensional de Cloninger, que propõe quatro dimensões para temperamento (busca de novidades, evitação de danos, dependência de recompensa e persistência) e três dimensões para caráter (auto-diretividade, cooperatividade e auto-transcendência). O JTCI é um instrumento de auto-preenchimento e que contém 128 perguntas, adaptadas à faixa etária de 9 a 13 anos. População estudada: crianças entre 9 e 13 anos (n = 188), regularmente matriculadas no ensino fundamental dos setores público e privado de ensino do Estado de São Paulo. Análise dos dados: Análise da estrutura interna do teste, através da verificação da consistência interna dos traços de temperamento e de caráter com as questões que compõem o instrumento, através do cálculo do coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach e da análise fatorial (pacote estatístico SPSS 12.0 for Windows). Resultados: após a análise estatística, verificou-se que muitos itens apresentavam baixas correlações com suas variáveis, o que interferia no poder do teste. A retirada de 36 itens que apresentavam baixa correlação com suas respectivas variáveis possibilitou que novos valores de correlação fossem obtidos, aumentando-se assim a consistência interna dos domínios avaliados e confirmando o poder do teste. Conclusão: uma versão válida e adaptada para o Português é proposta, com 92 itens / The current work focuses on a validity study and the proposal for an adapted version to Portuguese of the Junior Character and Temperament Inventory, developed by Cloninger for children. This instrument evaluates the childs personality through Clonigers dimensional model, which proposes four temperament dimensions (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence) and three character dimensions (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). The Inventory is a self-report document containing 128 questions adapted to children aged 9-13 years. Sample: children aged 9-13 years (n=188), regularly enrolled in the State of São Paulos private and public primary and secondary schools. Data analysis: Tests internal structure analysis, through internal consistency check of temperament and character traits using the questions within the document by the Cronbach alphas and the factorial analysis (statistical analysis software SPSS 12.0 for Windows). Results: After statistical analysis, it was verified that several items showed low correlations with their respective variables, which interfered with the tests power. After removing 36 items which presented low correlation with their variables, new correlation values were obtained, enhancing the internal consistency of evaluated domains and confirming the tests power. Conclusion: a valid and adapted version to Portuguese is proposed, with 92 items