No description available.

Scorpionate and terpyridine ligands are of importance in inorganic chemistry for their metal-binding properties. Tris-pyrazolylborate (Scorpionate) ligands that show facial binding mode and steric protection have been extensively used to synthesize complexes modeling the active site structure and biological function of various metalloproteins and as catalysts in C-H and NO activation and carbine transfer reactions. Terpyridine and modified terpyridine ligands showing meridional binding mode have been used in bioinorganic chemistry where Pt-terpyridine complexes are known to inhibit the activity of thiordoxin reductase (TrxR) besides showing interaction with G-quadruplex. The thesis work stems from our interest to use these ligand systems to design and prepare new 3-d metal-based photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) agents to explore their visible light-induced DNA cleavage activity and photocytotoxicity. Efforts have been made in this thesis work to design and synthesize Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes having scorpionate (Tpph) abd terpyridine (tpy) ligands. Ternary 3d-metal complexes having Tpph and planar phenanthroline bases have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The steric encumbrance of Tpph has led to the reduction in chemical nuclease activity along with enhanced photo-induced DNA cleavage activity, particularly of the Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes. The Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Tpph and a pyridyl ligand having a photoactive naphthalilmide moiety show molecular light-switch effect on binding to calf thymus DNA or BSA protein. The complexes do not show any chemical nuclease activity. The Cu(II) complex shows significant DNA cleavage activity in red light. The Co(II) complex displays significant photocytotoxicity in UV-A light. Ternary Cu(II) complexes of ph-tpy and heterocycylic bases are prepared and their DNA binding and cleavage activity studied. The complexes are avid binders to CT-DNA. The dipyridoquinoxaline (dpq) and dipyridophenazine (dppz) complexes are photocleavers of DNA in visible light. A significant enhancement in cytotoxicity in HeLa cancer cells is observed on exposure of the dppz complex to light. The binary Cu(II) complexes are also prepared to reduce the dark toxicity using phenyl and pyrenyl substituted terpyridine ligands. The pyrenyl substituted complex shows DNA cleavage activity in the visible light, low dark toxicity and unprecedented photocytotoxicity in visible light. The copper(II) complexes generally show dark cellular toxicity due to the presence of reducing thiols. The present terpyridine copper(II) complex having pendant pyrenyl moiety shows significant PDT effect that is similar to that of the PDT drug Photofrin. Binary Co(II) complexes show efficient DNA cleavage activity in visible light, significant photocytotoxicity in visible light and cytosolic uptake behaviour. Considering the bio-essential nature of the cobalt and copper ions, the present study opens up new strategies for designing and developing 3d-metal-based photosensitizers for their potential applications in PDT.

The diploma thesis presents the preparation of ,-bisterpyridinylfluorenes (unimers) containing fluorene unit in the central block either directly attached to terpyridine (tpy) end groups or via 1,4-phenylene or thiophene-2,5-diyl linker. Synthesized unimers were subsequently used for the preparation of metallo-supramolecular polymers with Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions. The prepared unimers were characterized by NMR, IR and HR-MS, their optical properties were investigated using absorption and emission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Molecular weight distribution for the prepared Fe-polymers was determined by GPC. The number-average degree of polymerization equal to 7 for an equimolar ratio between unimer and Fe2+ in a diluted solution was determined for polymers composed of unimer with thiophene-2,5- diyl linker. By using the viscometric measurements the ongoing constitutional dynamics in solutions of metallo-supramolecular polymers was proven. The overstoichiometric amount of metal ions in solution resulted in equilibrium shortening of the polymer chains together with end-capping of terminal tpy ligands by Mt2+ ions. Unimer with thiophene-2,5-diyl linker exhibited unique properties involving significantly red-shifted absorption and emission maxima, as well as the different behavior during assembling...

Os complexos polipiridínicos de rutênio estão entre os melhores sistemas conhecidos, usados em fotocatálise e dispositivos fotoeletroquímicos, como na fotodecomposição da água e células solares sensibilizadas por corantes. Neste particular, ainda persiste o grande desafio de aumentar a capacidade de coleta de luz e melhorar os parâmetros críticos, Voc e Jsc, das células, expandindo a absorção da luz para a região do vermelho no espectro solar, porém sem reduzir ou comprometer o potencial redox do corante. Para isso, ligantes auxiliares, como SCN- tem sidousados como estratégia para trabalhar o nível HOMO do corante, de modo a deslocar a banda de absorção dos complexos para o vermelho. Entretanto, ligantes como o tiocianato são susceptíveis a reações de substituição, e o desempenho de outros ligantes sulfurados pode ser um importante aspecto a ser investigado. Além disso, ligantes π-receptores adequados, como a 4,4’-dimetil,1-10- bipiridina (dmb), podem atuar na transferência vetorial de energia, aumentando o fluxo da fotoinjeção. Dessa forma, nesta tese introduziu-se um novo sistema, especialmente projetado, empregando a mono e tricarboxiterpiridina (mctpy e tctpy respectivamente) como elementos de ligação e fotoinjeção no TiO2; a dmb como componente vetorial, e a 4-mercaptopiridina (merc) como agente coadjuvante. Os complexos [Ru(mctpy)(dmb)(merc)](PF6)2 e [Ru(tctpy)(dmb)(merc)](PF6)2, incluindo o derivado de 4,4’-bipyridina para fins comparativos, foram sintetizados e caracterizados, e seu comportamento fotoeletroquímico extensamente investigado. Foi ainda observado um inesperado processo de fotooxidação da 4-mercaptopiridina no complexo, na presença de ar, cuja investigação acabou fornecendo provas de sua ligação no complexo, por meio do átomo de enxofre. Os novos agentes fotosensibilizadores conduziram a resultados interessantes em relação ao design proposto, mas que poderão ser aperfeiçoados aumentando-se a concentração dos agentes, e diminuindo as reações de recombinação na interface. / Ruthenium polypyridine complexes are amongst the best systems ever known for photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical devices, such as in water splitting and in dye sensitized solar cells. In this particular regard, a great current challenge is to improve light harvesting and the Voc and Jsc parameters, by enhancing light absorption in the near-infrared without substantially reducing the redox potential of the dye. For this purpose, ancillary ligands, such as SCN- have been commonly employed for tunneling the HOMO level, and shift the absorption band to the red. However, thiocyanate ligands are susceptible to substitution reactions, and the behavior of other sulfur donor ligands such as 4-mercaptopyridine, becomes an important aspect to be investigated. In addition, suitable -acceptor ligands, such as dimethyl bipyiridine, can also promote vectorial energy transfer and improve the photoinjection performance. Accordingly, this thesis is focused on a new, specially designed ruthenium dye, encompassing mono and tricarboxyterpyridine, (mctpy and tctpy, respectively), as nanocrystalline TiO2 binder and photoinjecting elements; 4,4’- dimethyl-1,10-bipyridine (dmb) for vectorial energy transfer, and 4-mercaptopyridine (mer) as ancillary ligand. The [Ru(mctpy)(dmb)(merc)](PF6)2 and [Ru(tctpy)(dmb)(merc)](PF6)2 complexes, and the 4,4-bipyridine derivative (for comparison purposes), were synthesized and characterized, and their photoelectrochemical behavior extensively investigated. An unexpected photooxidation of the 4-mercaptopyridine ligand in the presence of air has also been observed and elucidated, providing important clues for its binding in the complex through the sulfur atom. The new photosensitizing agents led to rather interesting results in relation to the proposed design, but which can be further improved by handling with the dyes concentration and recombination reactions at the interface.

Os complexos polipiridínicos de rutênio estão entre os melhores sistemas conhecidos, usados em fotocatálise e dispositivos fotoeletroquímicos, como na fotodecomposição da água e células solares sensibilizadas por corantes. Neste particular, ainda persiste o grande desafio de aumentar a capacidade de coleta de luz e melhorar os parâmetros críticos, Voc e Jsc, das células, expandindo a absorção da luz para a região do vermelho no espectro solar, porém sem reduzir ou comprometer o potencial redox do corante. Para isso, ligantes auxiliares, como SCN- tem sidousados como estratégia para trabalhar o nível HOMO do corante, de modo a deslocar a banda de absorção dos complexos para o vermelho. Entretanto, ligantes como o tiocianato são susceptíveis a reações de substituição, e o desempenho de outros ligantes sulfurados pode ser um importante aspecto a ser investigado. Além disso, ligantes π-receptores adequados, como a 4,4’-dimetil,1-10- bipiridina (dmb), podem atuar na transferência vetorial de energia, aumentando o fluxo da fotoinjeção. Dessa forma, nesta tese introduziu-se um novo sistema, especialmente projetado, empregando a mono e tricarboxiterpiridina (mctpy e tctpy respectivamente) como elementos de ligação e fotoinjeção no TiO2; a dmb como componente vetorial, e a 4-mercaptopiridina (merc) como agente coadjuvante. Os complexos [Ru(mctpy)(dmb)(merc)](PF6)2 e [Ru(tctpy)(dmb)(merc)](PF6)2, incluindo o derivado de 4,4’-bipyridina para fins comparativos, foram sintetizados e caracterizados, e seu comportamento fotoeletroquímico extensamente investigado. Foi ainda observado um inesperado processo de fotooxidação da 4-mercaptopiridina no complexo, na presença de ar, cuja investigação acabou fornecendo provas de sua ligação no complexo, por meio do átomo de enxofre. Os novos agentes fotosensibilizadores conduziram a resultados interessantes em relação ao design proposto, mas que poderão ser aperfeiçoados aumentando-se a concentração dos agentes, e diminuindo as reações de recombinação na interface. / Ruthenium polypyridine complexes are amongst the best systems ever known for photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical devices, such as in water splitting and in dye sensitized solar cells. In this particular regard, a great current challenge is to improve light harvesting and the Voc and Jsc parameters, by enhancing light absorption in the near-infrared without substantially reducing the redox potential of the dye. For this purpose, ancillary ligands, such as SCN- have been commonly employed for tunneling the HOMO level, and shift the absorption band to the red. However, thiocyanate ligands are susceptible to substitution reactions, and the behavior of other sulfur donor ligands such as 4-mercaptopyridine, becomes an important aspect to be investigated. In addition, suitable -acceptor ligands, such as dimethyl bipyiridine, can also promote vectorial energy transfer and improve the photoinjection performance. Accordingly, this thesis is focused on a new, specially designed ruthenium dye, encompassing mono and tricarboxyterpyridine, (mctpy and tctpy, respectively), as nanocrystalline TiO2 binder and photoinjecting elements; 4,4’- dimethyl-1,10-bipyridine (dmb) for vectorial energy transfer, and 4-mercaptopyridine (mer) as ancillary ligand. The [Ru(mctpy)(dmb)(merc)](PF6)2 and [Ru(tctpy)(dmb)(merc)](PF6)2 complexes, and the 4,4-bipyridine derivative (for comparison purposes), were synthesized and characterized, and their photoelectrochemical behavior extensively investigated. An unexpected photooxidation of the 4-mercaptopyridine ligand in the presence of air has also been observed and elucidated, providing important clues for its binding in the complex through the sulfur atom. The new photosensitizing agents led to rather interesting results in relation to the proposed design, but which can be further improved by handling with the dyes concentration and recombination reactions at the interface.

Ce mémoire est consacré à la synthèse, à la caractérisation et à l'étude des propriétés électrochimiques et photophysiques dans l'acétonitrile de complexes hétérobimétalliques comportant des unités photosensibles du type ruthénium(II)-tris-bipyridine reliées de manière covalente à une unité polypyridinique de fer (II) ou de cobalt (II), dans le but d'étudier les transferts d'électrons photoinduits dans de telles architectures.<br />A l'aide de ligands bis-bipyridine, une série de complexes tétranucléaires formés d'une unité centrale FeII-tris-bipyridine reliée à trois unités RuII-tris-bipyridine par une chaîne alkyle de longueur variable, a été obtenue. L'examen de leurs propriétés photophysiques met en évidence un transfert d'énergie partiel, intramoléculaire, de l'état excité des unités, RuII*, vers l'unité centrale FeII. Ce transfert d'énergie est court-circuité en présence d'un accepteur d'électron irréversible externe par un processus de transfert d'électron, qui conduit à la formation d'espèces RuIII capables d'oxyder la sous-unité FeII. En utilisant un ligand hétéroditopique de type bipyridine–terpyridine, de nouveaux complexes trinucléaires comportant une unité centrale FeII ou CoII bis-terpyridine reliée à deux unités RuII-tris-bipyridine ont également été synthétisés. L'utilisation de ce type de ligand confère à ces complexes une structure plus linéaire. Dans le cas du complexe de FeII, le transfert d'énergie purement intramoléculaire peut également être court-circuité par un transfert d'électron en présence d'un accepteur irréversible conduisant à l'oxydation quantitative de la sous-unité FeII. Dans le cas du complexe de cobalt, le cycle photocatalytique envisagé implique la photogénération de l'espèce RuIII via un transfert d'électron entre RuII* et l'unité CoIII (préalablement générée par voie électrochimique) qui joue le rôle d'accepteur d'électron. Toutefois cette réaction catalytique est relativement lente car le donneur d'électron utilisé pour régénérer le RuII ne possède par une irréversibilité suffisante pour concurrencer la réaction retour, c'est-à-dire la réoxydation de CoII par RuIII.<br />Enfin, l'étude de polymères de coordination électro-et photo-activables de RuII et FeII a été abordée. Ce type de polymères dérive des complexes trinucléaires de RuII et de FeII. Ils sont obtenus sous forme soluble grâce à l'utilisation de ligands hétéroditopique de type bipyridine-bis-terpyridine, dont la partie bipyridine est complexée par le RuII, tandis que l'ajout de Fe2+ permet la formation du polymère par auto-assemblage. Comme pour les complexes de FeII et de RuII de dimensions finies, l'oxydation photoinduite de l'unité FeII est possible bien que son efficacité dépende de la nature du pont entre la bipyridine et les terpyridines. De plus, ces polymères ont pu être adsorbés sous forme de films minces électroactifs à la surface d'une électrode (élaboration d'électrodes modifiées) par une technique simple d'électrodéposition.

No description available.

This Diploma Thesis presents results obtained by solution of two partial projects: a) Preparation of monomers from renewable sources using metathesis and tandem hydrogenation catalyzed with ruthenium compounds - project solved during my Erasmus stay at the Université de Rennes 1 in France; b) Preparation and properties of ,-bis(tpy)quarterthiophene oligomers carrying ionic side groups as oligomonomers for polyelectrolyte conjugated dynamers - project solved at the Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. Project a): Self-metathesis of 1,2-epoxyhex-5-ene (but-3-enyloxirane) and its cross-metathesis with methyl acrylate and acrylonitrile catalyzed with ruthenium compounds as well as tandem design of these metatheses and consecutive hydrogenation of their products by gaseous hydrogen have been optimized. The following influences have been studied and tuned: (i) type of the catalyst (Grubbs, Hoveyda, Zhan) and its concentration and method of dosing, (ii) concentration of reactants and additives, (iii) type of solvent, and (iv) reaction temperature. Reactions were monitored by the GC, GC and MS methods and the products were characterized by the NMR method. Methyl 6,7-epoxyheptanoate (methyl 5-oxiranylpentanoate) obtained by the tandem...

Ce mémoire est consacré à la synthèse et la caractérisation de complexes bis-terdentates de ruthénium pour leur potentielle utilisation dans des triades photosensibles, ou pour la fabrication de dispositifs photosensibles. La première partie se concentre sur les propriétés photophysiques de deux complexes de RuII bis-terdentates. Le premier est un complexe homoleptique, formé de ligands tridentates comprenant deux sous-unités carbène (CNC), le second est un complexe hétéroleptique composé d'un ligand CNC et d'une terpyridine. Ce complexe hétéroleptique est luminescent à température ambiante, contrairement à ses deux complexes parents homoleptiques. Les propriétés électrochimiques et photoélectrochimiques de complexes de type [M(tpy)2]2+ (M=FeII ou RuII), dont les ligands terpyridine sont substitués par des groupements thiols, sont étudiées dans une seconde partie. Ces complexes électropolymérisent de manière organisée sur des électrodes d'or, par oxydation des thiols en disulfures. Ces propriétés ont été utilisées pour construire des diades [RuII]-[FeII] sur des électrodes d'or, dont le photocourant a pu être mesuré. Dans le dernier chapitre, les propriétés photophysiques et d'électropolymérisation du complexe de ruthénium décrit dans le chapitre 2 sont utilisées pour tenter de fabriquer un transistor pho-toactivable.

This work is aimed at the preparation and morphological and spectroscopic characterization of the interphase nanocomposite (NC) two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled systems of Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were functionalized with the following ligands with terpyridine end-groups: 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (tpy), 4'-(2-thienyl)-2,2':6',2''- terpyridine (T-tpy), α,ω-bis(terpyridyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (tpy-2T-tpy) and α,ω-bis(terpyridyl)- 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene (tpy-3T-tpy). The morphological analysis of transmission electron micrographs proves the preservation of the average interparticle distance in closely spaced NP pairs, independent of the ligand. The value of the total average interparticle distance increases in the order: tpy < T-tpy < tpy- 2T-tpy < tpy-3T-tpy, while the average occupied area fraction in the same order decreases. The morphological descriptors (i.e. interparticle distance and occupied area fraction) were found to correlate with the shift of the SPE (surface plasmon extinction) maxima of NCs (tpy > T-tpy > tpy-2T-tpy > tpy-3T-tpy). The results show that the shift of SPE band maximum depends on the degree of surface plasmon delocalisation rather than on the value of the average interparticle distance in closely spaced NP pairs. The smaller are the islands formed by closely...