L’intérêt de la recherche porte sur le processus de territorialisation de l’action publique et plus particulièrement celle du système de santé français. En marge des territoires administratifs imposés par le haut apparaît le besoin d’identifier et de comprendre les logiques spatiales des acteurs locaux et des usagers, supposées alors mieux prendre en compte ces spécificités territoriales et ainsi ajuster les actions pour lutter contre les inégalités sociales de santé et d’accès aux soins. L’objectif est d’étudier la territorialisation au regard du processus de construction d’un territoire par les acteurs locaux et d’appropriation d’un outil d’action publique pour agir collectivement. Une première partie théorique présente et fait le lien entre les trois objets de recherche « territorialisation », « construction du territoire » et « appropriation d’un outil ». La deuxième partie présente les cas étudiés ainsi que les choix épistémologiques et méthodologiques. La focale est mise sur le déploiement d’un outil d’action publique, le Programme Territorial de Santé, sur deux territoires de santé. La troisième partie présente l’analyse des résultats issus des entretiens réalisés et de l’observation menée. L’objectif est d’identifier et de comprendre quels sont les leviers éventuels dont peuvent se saisir les acteurs locaux dans le processus de déclinaison de l’action publique. Enfin la quatrième partie, dans une logique discursive présente une reconsidération des dimensions du territoire construite afin de proposer un modèle articulant la dichotomie entre territoire prescrit et territoire émergent et prenant en compte les spécificités d’un outil public de territorialisation / This research focuses on public policy territorialisation. While administrative territories, such as health territories, are imposed via a top-down process, a bottom-up approach is also recognised as being necessary. Here, local stakeholder and user needs are identified and understood meaning that territory specificities are recognised, local public actions are adapted, social inequalities are tackled and access to care is facilitated. This work focuses on the construction process of one such territory by public and local actors. In order to increase knowledge the objective is to study this process in relation to the procedure of territory building by local stakeholders and the ownership of a public policy tool which will lead to collective action. The first section is theoretical and presents the links between the three research areas: territrialisation, territory construction and appropriation of a tool. The second part presents the epistemological and methodological choices and the case study. Focus is placed on the deployment of a public policy tool, in this case a territorial health programme, in two health territories. The third part presents an analysis of the results which include interviews and observation. Finally, the fourth section places the results in perspective. The dimensions of constructed territory are reconsidered so as to offer a model articulating the dichotomy between prescribed territory and emergent territory while taking into consideration the specificities of a public tool for regionalisation

La participation et la coordination des acteurs dans la gestion du territoire visent une meilleure efficacité. Ainsi, en milieu rural burkinabé, la problématique de la sécurisation foncière a conduit depuis 2009 à la mise en place des chartes foncières locales. Celles-ci se fondent sur des accords locaux de gestion des ressources naturelles d’utilisation commune conforment aux lois sectorielles et respectant les spécificités locales. Dans la pratique, la charte foncière locale fait face à la nécessité d’articulation et de coordination des usages et des activités pour une production durable, induisant la question principale de recherche : « quels rôles jouent les chartes foncières locales dans la gouvernance des territoires qui en sont dotés » ? L’hypothèse principale est : «la charte foncière locale permet la gouvernance territoriale, car elle favorise la connaissance du territoire, les changements dans les pratiques des acteurs et qu’elle entraîne des effets territoriaux par la reconfiguration des réseaux d’acteurs». Les études de cas des chartes foncières locales de Bama et de Koumbia, furent conduites dans la région des Hauts-Bassins à l’ouest du Burkina Faso, zone de forte production agricole du pays. Koumbia est située dans le bassin cotonnier et agropastoral et Bama dans l’une des premières plaines rizicoles du pays. Des entretiens semi-directifs et de l’observation directe ont permis de vérifier notre hypothèse au prisme du cadre d’analyse de la gouvernance territoriale. L’analyse de contenu, le diagnostic territorial et la typologie des règles de gestion connues par les acteurs sont les méthodes spécifiques de traitement des données. Les entretiens autour des pratiques mises en œuvre par les acteurs locaux ont permis d’affiner les analyses afin d’identifier les enjeux que l’utilisation des chartes foncières pose. Les résultats de l’analyse de contenu montrent que les chartes foncières locales assurent la prise en compte du multi-usage des ressources, et la coordination des différents centres de décision pour permettre le polycentrisme des règles. Elles formalisent de nouveaux modes de gestion des conflits d’usage qui favorisent l’établissement du consensus au niveau local. À Koumbia, la prise en compte de l’usage agricole des résidus de culture entre dans ce cadre. Néanmoins, dans les deux situations étudiées, les apprentissages nécessaires à la négociation entre acteurs autour des enjeux territorialisés sont faibles. Les résultats du diagnostic de territoire montrent que les intérêts collectifs sont orientés vers la gestion des produits forestiers non ligneux, la production agricole ou halieutique, la vente collective et les travaux d’intérêt général autour des infrastructures sociales. Les acteurs clés de la gestion endogène des ressources d’utilisation commune sont les associations locales dont les objectifs de création sont différents de ces problématiques d’intérêts collectifs. Les relations de coopération sont prépondérantes et suivies des relations hiérarchiques entre acteurs. Les acteurs qui portent les initiatives endogènes autour des ressources d’utilisation commune n’ont pas la gestion de ces ressources comme objectifs principaux. Cela est un défi quant à la pérennisation de telles initiatives. En outre, l’enjeu de gestion endogène des produits forestiers non ligneux se situe dans le risque de fragmentation des espaces à travers le cloisonnement des espaces d’exploitation des ressources communes. Ce second enjeu est partagé entre les pratiques effectives et les règles de la charte autour des résidus de culture. Il permet de mettre à jour la logique de propriété individuelle autour des ressources d’utilisation commune, car le propriétaire peut en autoriser ou restreindre l’accès. Cette logique commune à la charte et aux pratiques des acteurs locaux montre la nécessité de construire une vision commune et partagée du territoire afin de favoriser la gouvernance territoriale. / In territory management, participation and coordination aim to ensure more efficiency. Thus, in Burkina Faso rural areas, the issue of land security has led since 2009 to the establishment of local land charters. These are based on local natural resource management agreements for common use in accordance with sectoral laws and respecting local specificities. In practice, the local land charter faces the need of uses and activities to be articulated and coordinated for a sustainable production. This issue is analysed by the main research question: "what roles do local land charters play in the governance of the territories that have them"? The main hypothesis is that: "the local land charter allows territorial governance, because it favours knowledge of the territory, changes in the practices of the actors and it involves territorial effects by the reconfiguration of the networks of actors". The case studies of Bama and Koumbia local land charters were conducted in the Hauts-Bassins Region of Western Burkina Faso, an area of high agricultural production in the country. Indeed, the rural commune of Koumbia is in the cotton and agropastoral basin and the village of Bama is in one of the first rice plains of the country. Semi-directive interviews and direct observation have permitted verification of our hypothesis through the framework of the analysis of territorial governance. The content analysis, the territorial diagnosis and the typology of the management rules known by the actors are the specific methods of data processing. The interviews around the practices implemented by the local actors allowed to refine analysis in order to identify the stakes that the use of the land charters poses. The results of the content analysis show that the local land charters ensure that the multi-use of resources, and coordination of the different decision centers to allow the polycentrism of the rules are taken into account. They formalise new ways of management of use conflicts that favour consensus building at the local level. In Koumbia, taking into account the agricultural use of crop residues falls within this framework. Nevertheless, in both studied situations, the learning required for negotiation between stakeholders around issues is weak. The results of the territorial diagnosis show that the collective interests are oriented towards the management of non-timber forest products, the agricultural or fishery production, the collective sale and community activities around the social infrastructures. The key players in the endogenous management of common-used resources are local associations whose creation’s objectives are different from these issues of collective interest. Co-operative relationships are paramount and followed by hierarchical relationships between actors. The actors who carry the endogenous initiatives around common-used resources do not have the management of these resources as main objectives. This is a challenge as to the sustainability of such initiatives. In addition, the issue of endogenous management of non-timber forest products is found in the risk of spaces fragmentation through the partitioning of common resources exploitation areas. This second issue is shared between actual practices and the rules of the charter around crop residues. It allows update of individual ownership logic around common-used resources because the owner can allow or restrict access. This shared logic to the charter and to the practices of local actors shows the need to build a common and shared vision of the territory in order to promote territorial governance.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A governanÃa territorial enfrenta grandes desafios para integrar o poder pÃblico, iniciativa privada e sociedade civil organizada na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas direcionadas a promover o desenvolvimento regional sustentÃvel. Os esforÃos para alcanÃar um desenvolvimento justo e sustentÃvel apontam para a superaÃÃo do paradigma materialista e economicista predominante. O surgimento de novos conceitos de sustentabilidade, baseados em princÃpios Ãticos e na interaÃÃo das dimensÃes econÃmicas, ambientais, sociais, culturais e polÃtico-institucionais, influenciam os rumos das relaÃÃes entre o local e o global exigindo constante aperfeiÃoamento dos sistemas de governo. No aspecto polÃtico-institucional as democracias contemporÃneas continuam alimentando expectativas de uma melhor qualidade de vida para as populaÃÃes, por meio da conquista da dignidade humana, liberdades individuais e coletivas, tidas como alicerces desses regimes. Buscando o aprimoramento democrÃtico e a superaÃÃo das limitaÃÃes do Estado em atender as necessidades das geraÃÃes atuais e futuras, governos experimentam estratÃgias de redistribuiÃÃo de responsabilidades e benefÃcios inerentes aos processos de desenvolvimento. Dentre as estratÃgias emergentes se destaca a adoÃÃo da governanÃa na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas para os territÃrios, um modelo de gestÃo pÃblica compartilhada com outros atores, condizente com a democracia participativa e a gestÃo social, de complexa efetivaÃÃo. Partindo do reconhecimento da contribuiÃÃo da democracia participativa para a consolidaÃÃo dos emergentes desÃgnios do desenvolvimento, surge uma questÃo fundamental: O que à necessÃrio para a governanÃa territorial contribuir efetivamente com a promoÃÃo do desenvolvimento regional sustentÃvel? Adotando como resposta hipotÃtica a participaÃÃo integrada entre poder pÃblico, sociedade civil organizada e iniciativa privada na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas, verificamos a dificuldade no cumprimento da dimensÃo sÃcio-polÃtica da governanÃa voltada para a integraÃÃo dos atores e esforÃos, e a tendÃncia para a evidenciaÃÃo da sua funÃÃo utilitÃria nas dimensÃes administrativa, econÃmica ou institucional. Utilizando mÃtodos qualitativos de investigaÃÃo por meio da revisÃo bibliogrÃfica e da observaÃÃo empÃrica de duas polÃticas pÃblicas atuantes na RegiÃo do Cariri cearense, classificamos os principais desafios segundo a origem, em internos e externos à governanÃa, e segundo a natureza, nas prÃticas polÃticas tradicionais, na dificuldade de empoderamento dos atores na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas, nas dificuldades operacionais da governanÃa e na desmotivaÃÃo dos atores. A profusÃo dos recortes territoriais adotados nas polÃticas de desenvolvimento e a baixa eficÃcia do arcabouÃo jurÃdico legitimador da democracia participativa completam o quadro de dificuldades. A combinaÃÃo desses fatores resulta na baixa contribuiÃÃo atual da governanÃa territorial para a promoÃÃo do desenvolvimento regional sustentÃvel, devido a frÃgil participaÃÃo integrada dos atores locais na gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas para o territÃrio. / The territorial governance faces big challenges to integrate the government, private sector and civil society organizations in public policy management aimed to promote sustainable regional development. Efforts to achieve a just and sustainable development indicate to overcome the materialistic paradigm and predominant economicist. The emergence of sustainability new concepts, based on ethical principles and interaction of economic dimensions, environmental, social, cultural and political-institutional influence the direction of the relationship between local and global demand constant improvement of governmental systems. In the political-institutional the contemporary democracies keep fueling expectations of a better quality of life for the populations, through the conquest of human dignity, individual and collective freedom taken as foundations of these regimes. Looking for democratic improving and overcoming the State limitations to assist the necessities of current and future generations, governments experience strategies of redistribution of responsibilities and benefits of the development processes. Among the emerging strategies highlights the adoption of governance in the management of public policies for the territories, a public management model shared with other characters, consistent with participatory democracy and social management of complex execution. Starting of the contribution recognizing of participatory democracy to consolidate the emerging plans of development, arises a fundamental question: What is needed for territorial governance effectively contribute to the promotion of sustainable regional development? Adopting a hypothetical answer the integrated participation among government, civil society and the private sector in the management of public policies, we identified the difficulty in the execution of the socio-political dimension of the governance facing the integration of characters and efforts, and the tendency for the disclosure of its utilitarian function in the administrative, economic or institutional dimensions. Using qualitative research methods through the literature review and empirical observation of two public policies involved in the Cariri region of Cearà state, we classify the main challenges according to the origin, in internal and external to the governance, and according the nature, in the traditional political practices, the difficulty of the characters empowerment in the public policies management, in the operational difficulties of governance and characters demotivation. The profusion of territorial cuts adopted in territorial development policies and the low efficiency of the legal framework of participatory democracy legitimizing complete the list of difficulties. The combination of these factors results in low current contribution of territorial governance to promote sustainable regional development, due to fragile integrated participation of local characters in the management of public policies for the territory.

En réponse aux incitations juridiques et à l’attente sociale, le renforcement de la dimension paysagère dans lagouvernance territoriale est incontestable avec la multiplication de projets, d’atlas, de plans, de chartes de paysage. Aumême titre que les autres outils, les Observatoires Photographiques du Paysage (OPP) se multiplient en Europe etparticulièrement en France depuis une vingtaine d’années. Néanmoins, ils peinent à être légitimés par les élus, experts,concepteurs et gestionnaires du territoire, ce qui est notamment dû au fait que les OPP sont difficilement exploitables,tant pour des difficultés d’accès que des problèmes de méthode.À partir d’un ancrage en géographie sociale, la thèse interroge les OPP à travers trois orientations : (i) leurs potentialitésà enrichir la connaissance sur les dynamiques paysagères et les représentations sociales des acteurs du territoire, (ii)leurs capacités à interagir avec les documents territoriaux, (iii) leurs aptitudes à être des supports de médiation entreles acteurs du territoire lors de projets de territoire.Les travaux de recherche sont menés dans la région Bretagne, où quinze structures locales portent un OPP. Via uncorpus choisi, diverses méthodes sont expérimentées et permettent d’entrecroiser les analyses : analyse descriptive ducontenu visuel OPP, analyse du discours des acteurs du territoire à partir d’enquêtes par entretien, analyse comparativeentre les OPP et les documents territoriaux. Dans une perspective de recherche-action, un travail collaboratif avec lesstructures locales OPP a conduit à la création d’une Plateforme informatique, la POPP-Breizh. Cette dernière apportedes solutions pour rendre accessible et exploitable les OPP.In fine, la présente recherche évalue les capacités des OPP à répondre aux enjeux sociétaux et scientifiques actuelsliés au paysage afin d’élaborer des préconisations pour que les OPP deviennent des archives intégrées à lagouvernance territoriale. / In response to legal incentives and social expectations, the reinforcement of the landscape dimension in territorialgovernance is undeniable, in light of the growing number of landscape projects, atlases, plans and charters. Alongsideother tools, an increasing number of photographic landscape observatories have been emerging in Europe andparticularly in France over the past twenty years. These observatories however are struggling to become legitimised bylocal councillors, experts, land designers and land managers, notably based on the fact that these observatories aredifficult to exploit, both due to access difficulties and method-related issues.Based on a foundation of social geography, this thesis examines photographic landscape observatories from threepoints of view: (i) their potential to enrich knowledge of landscape dynamics and social representations of localstakeholders, (ii) their capacity to interact with territorial documents, (iii) their ability to act as mediation aids betweenlocal stakeholders for land development projects.The research work was carried out in the French region of Brittany, where fifteen local organisations host a photographiclandscape observatory (or OPP). Through a chosen corpus, various methods were tested and could be used for crossingdifferent types of analysis: descriptive analysis of the observatory's visual content, discourse analysis of localstakeholders from individual interviews, comparative analysis between observatories and territorial documents. With aview to action research, collaborative work with local OPPs has led to the creation of a computer platform dubbed POPPBreizh.This platform provides solutions to make OPPs accessible and usable.Finally, this research assessed the capacity of OPPs to meet current societal and scientific challenges relating to thelandscape in order to develop recommendations to enable OPPs to become archives integrated within territorialgovernance.

La thèse a comme objectif fournir des informations pour une évaluation critique du processus de décentralisation au Brésil, se basant sur l'analyse du système de planification du développement régional dans l'État de Santa Catarina entre 2003 et 2010, période de laquelle a vu création des Secrétariats et des Conseils de Développement Régional. Pour mettre en place ce processus innovant de gestion décentralisée, le gouvernement a modifié la structure politique et administrative de l'Etat, grâce au vote d'une loi complémentaire. Contextuellement, en 2003, le gouvernement a créé les Secrétariats de Développement Régional (SDRs) conjointement avec les Conseils de Développement Régional (CDRs). L'État de Santa Catarina a été divisé en 29 régions, dotée chacune d'un SDR et d'un CDR. Leur nombre a été étendu à 30 en 2005 et 36 en 2007. Selon le gouvernement, ce découpage devait permettre de modifier le système de planification du développement en vigueur, grâce à la décentralisation administrative que cette réforme provoquait. Dans le cadre de ce processus de décentralisation, l´État a ainsi mené trois expériences de planification du développement, les deux premières en 2004 et la troisième en 2006, quand a été mis en pratique le « Plan Catarinense de Développement », établi pendant la réforme administrative de 2005. Du point de vue du développement territorial, la thèse a révélé un certain nombre d'obstacles à la mise en œuvre d'un changement efficace dans la genèse, à Santa Catarina, d'un modèle innovant de développement (terme utilisé ici principalement pour exprimer des niveaux élevés de développement humain). L'état de l'art sur lequel se base la thèse suit une approche pluridisciplinaire, entre la sociologie politique la géographie appliquées au territoire. Par la suite, a été effectué une analyse descriptive du système de planification du développement à Santa Catarina, dans le but de comprendre la perspective dans laquelle ce dernier a été structuré, en mettant en avant les mécanismes de décentralisation et de développement territorial à l'œuvre à Santa Catarina. Les résultats obtenus par la thèse ont renforcé l'hypothèse selon laquelle la dynamique de la décentralisation administrative dans le but officiel de la promotion d'un « développement territorial durable » selon les critères de gouvernance territoriale a finalement été surtout au service d'une culture politique conservatrice, clientéliste et inspirée par l'idéologie libérale, allant à l'encontre des idées centrales du pacte fédératif garanti par la Constitution fédérale du Brésil de 1998. Du point de vue du développement territorial, l'analyse n'a pas trouvé les preuves de changements importants dans le réaménagement du développement de Santa Catarina, du fait de la faiblesse de l'application d'un modèle de développement favorisant la gouvernance territoriale. Toutefois, il convient de prendre en considération les aspects innovants du processus mis en œuvre à Santa Catarina dans la période étudiée, en termes de systèmes de planification du développement territorial. On ne peut nier également le potentiel de ce processus, dont l'examen ouvre sur une analyse plus approfondie de la société civile, moins imprégnée par les arrangements politiques partisanes et ayant intériorisé une vision plus large de l'environnement. / The thesis has the objective to provide information for the critical evaluation of the decentralization process in Brazil, based on the systemic analysis of regional development planning in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina between 2003 and 2010, a period during which the Secretariats and Regional Development Councils were created. To implement this innovative process of decentralized management, the government changed the political and administrative structure of the state, by passing a complementary law. Contextually, in 2003, the government created the Secretariats of Regional Development (SRDs) in conjunction with the Regional Development Councils (RDCs). The state of Santa Catarina was then divided into 29 regions, each with both its SRD and its RDC. Their number was expanded to 30 in 2005 and 36 in 2007. According to the Government, this division was meant to change the system of development planning in place, through the administrative decentralization that the reform authorized. As part of this decentralization process, the State has conducted three experiments in development planning, the first two in 2004 and the third in 2006, when the "Plan Catarinense Development" was enacted (after having being designed during the administrative reform of 2005). From the perspective of territorial development, the thesis has revealed a number of obstacles to the implementation of effective change in the genesis, in Santa Catarina, of an innovative model of development (the term is used here mainly to express high levels of human development). The state of the art on which the dissertation is based follows a multidisciplinary approach, both in political sociology and geography, always with a territorial focus. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis of the planning system development in Santa Catarina was performed, in order to understand the perspective from which it was structured, highlighting the mechanisms of decentralization and territorial development an work in this Brazilian state. The results of the dissertation have strengthened the hypothesis that the dynamics of administrative decentralization at work at far from its official purpose which was the promotion of "sustainable territorial development" according to criteria of territorial governance. It appears that the reform was finally put at the service of a conservative, clientelistic political culture, inspired by liberal ideology, going against the central ideas of the federative pact guaranteed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1998. From the perspective of territorial development, the analysis found no evidence of significant changes in the structure of the development of Santa Catarina, due to weak implementation of a development model favouring territorial governance. However, it should consider the innovative aspects of the process implemented in Santa Catarina in the studied period, in terms of systems of territorial development planning. However, one cannot deny the potentials of this process: a deeper analysis of civil society revels that it is less steeped into partisan political arrangements and has internalized a broader view of the environment. / A tese tem o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para uma avaliação crítica do processo de descentralização no Brasil, com base na análise do sistema de planejamento do desenvolvimento regional no Estado de Santa Catarina entre 2003 e 2010, período em que houve a criação das Secretarias e dos Conselhos de Desenvolvimento Regional. Para implementar esse processo inovador de gestão descentralizada, o governo modificou a estrutura político-administrativa do Estado, por meio de Lei Complementar. Contextualmente, em 2003, foram criadas as Secretarias de Desenvolvimento Regional (SDRs) em conjunto com os Conselhos de Desenvolvimento Regional (CDRs). O Estado de Santa Catarina foi dividido em 29 regiões, cada uma com sua SDR e um CDR. Em 2005, o número de SDRs foi ampliado para 30 e, em 2007, para 36 Secretarias. Segundo o governo, em tese, esse recorte territorial romperia com o sistema de planejamento do desenvolvimento em vigor, por meio de uma proposta de descentralização político-administrativa. Como parte deste processo de descentralização, o Estado realizou três experimentos em planejamento do desenvolvimento: as duas primeiras em 2004 e terceira em 2006, quando foi posto em prática o “Plano Catarinense de Desenvolvimento”, estabelecido durante o reforma administrativa de 2005. Do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento territorial, a tese revelou uma série de obstáculos para a concretização de uma efetiva mudança na gênese do modelo catarinense de desenvolvimento (termo usado para expressar os altos níveis de desenvolvimento humano em Santa Catarina). O estado da arte em que a tese se baseia segue uma abordagem interdisciplinar entre a geografia e a sociologia política, com o foco de análise voltado às dinâmicas territoriais. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise descritiva do sistema de planejamento do desenvolvimento em Santa Catarina, a fim de compreender a perspectiva na qual foi estruturada e colocada em prática os mecanismos do processo de descentralização e territorialização do desenvolvimento em Santa Catarina. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a hipótese segundo a qual a dinâmica de descentralização administrativa visando, supostamente, a promoção de um “desenvolvimento territorial sustentável”, levando em conta os critérios de governança territorial, vem atendendo, fundamentalmente, aos interesses de uma cultura política conservadora, elitista e clientelista, indo na contra-mão das idéias centrais do pacto federativo garantido pela Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1998. Do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento territorial, a análise não encontrou evidências de mudanças significativas na reconversão do modelo de desenvolvimento catarinense, devido à frágil implementação de um processo de governança territorial. No entanto, deve-se considerar os aspectos inovadores do processo ocorrido em Santa Catarina, no período estudado, em termos de implementação de um sistema de planejamento do desenvolvimento territorial.Também não há como negar o potencial deste processo, que se abre para uma análise mais profunda sobre o papel da sociedade civil no planejamento dos territórios, menos permeada por arranjos políticos partidários e mais internalizada por uma visão mais ampla da dimensão socioambiental.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de théoriser et d’opérationnaliser la notion de publicisation des espaces agricoles périurbains. Cette notion, encore peu courante en géographie, désigne tout processus qui transforme la nature d’espaces agricoles sous influence urbaine, les rendant plus publics. Ce processus, complexe, est composé de débats sur l’avenir des espaces agricoles périurbains et de pratiques spatiales qui illustrent leur multifonctionnalité (production, paysage, loisirs…). La première partie vise à théoriser la notion en construisant sa définition et une grille de lecture composée de cinq dimensions : juridique, sociale, politique, historique et économique. La deuxième partie décrit le processus par l’étude des débats qui ont lieu lors d’un projet d’Agenda 21 Local. L’objectif est de savoir si des débats qui débouchent sur des actions peuvent, en territoire périurbain, publiciser des espaces agricoles. Cette partie montre que la publicisation fluctue dans le temps et se matérialise dans des lieux agricoles. Dans une troisième partie, la publicisation est étudiée à l’échelle d’un territoire : la communauté de communes du Pays de Lunel. De l’analyse de ses projets politiques et associatifs, dont certains prévoient l’ouverture d’espaces agricoles au public, à l’analyse précise de six lieux du territoire, la publicisation est un phénomène pluriel. Une typologie de lieux agricoles périurbains publicisés rend compte de la diversité du processus: débats globaux et pratiques locales s’imbriquent dans la fabrique de lieux publicisés. Cette thèse débouche sur plusieurs perspectives de recherches pour éclairer les transformations à l’oeuvre dans les espaces agricoles périurbains. / This thesis aims to theorize and operationalize the publicness process of suburban farmland. This notion, still uncommon in geography, means any process that transforms the nature of farmland under urban influence, making it public. This complex process is composed of debates on the future of agriculture and of suburban spatial practices that illustrate theirmultifunctionality (agricultural production, landscape, leisure…). The first part aims to theorize the concept and its definition by constructing a theoretical framework in five dimensions: legal, social, political, historical and economic. The second part describes the process by studying the debates surrounding a project of Local Agenda 21. The objective is to know if discussions that lead to actions can, in suburban areas, result in publicness of suburban farmland. This section showsthat the publicness process fluctuates over time and is materialized in agricultural places. In the third part, the publicness process is studied at territorial scale: the Pays de Lunel municipalities group. We analyze its political and associative projects which include the opening of agricultural areas to the public. Then we study the composition publicness process in six places of the municipalities group. We conclude that the publicness process is a multi-faceted phenomenon. So we create a typology of suburban farmland places according to the publicness process. Finally, in the publicness process, global and local scales overlap in the construction of places. This thesis provides several research perspectives to illuminate the transformations taking place in suburban farmland.

Cette thèse pose la question de la territorialisation de l'action publique avec pour champ d'application la culture. Il s'agit de déterminer dans quelle mesure le management stratégique du portefeuille territorial d'évènements culturels participe au management de la proximité territoriale et, par extension, à l'attractivité durable du territoire. Il s'agit dans un premier temps de rappeler les enjeux territoriaux d'un management de la proximité. L'un des concepts centraux mobilisés ici est le management territorial stratégique, entendu comme le nouveau paradigme de l'action publique locale. L'approche par les dynamiques de proximité est ensuite proposée comme grille de lecture du territoire, l'activation des potentiels de proximité permettant un renforcement de l'attractivité territoriale (Chapitre 1). Reste que l'action culturelle peut prendre des formes variées. Or, nous avons pu constater un déplacement de la politique culturelle française, anciennement fondée sur le développement d'équipements relais pour mailler le territoire et favoriser la démocratisation culturelle, et aujourd'hui soumise à un phénomène de « festivalisation ». Si l'évènement apparaît comme une forme moderne d'action culturelle, l'essoufflement constaté sur certains territoires et la mise en concurrence accrue des « destinations évènementielles », invitent à replacer l'analyse de l'évènement culturel dans une approche stratégique fonctionnelle et dynamique du portefeuille territorial d'évènements culturels. Il s'agit alors de s'interroger sur les différentes fonctions attribuées aux évènements et ce au regard d'une logique stratégique territoriale (Chapitre 2). / This work is a theoretical and methodological analysis of the public action territorialisation in the cultural field. We want to determine to which extent the strategic management of a territorial events portfolio takes part in the reinforcement of territorial proximity, and, by extension, in the sustainable attractiveness of this territory. First, we recall the territorial issues of a strategic management thought in the way of territorial proximity. One of the central concepts mobilized in this reflection is the territorial strategic management. It is understood as the new paradigm of the local public action. The “dynamics of proximity” approach is then proposed as an analytic framework of the local governance system. The activation of the potentials of proximity make a strengthening of territorial attractiveness possible (Chapter 1). Moreover, the cultural action can take many forms. However, we have seen a shift in French cultural policy. Formerly based on the development of equipment used to cover the territory and promote the democratization of culture, it is now subject to a phenomenon of “festivalization”. If the event is seen as a modern form of cultural action, the possible running out of steam as the development of a real competition on the “event destinations” marketplace invite us to place the analysis of the cultural event in a functional and dynamic approach of the territorial events portfolio. The aim is thus to consider the various functions assigned to the different events under a territorial strategic logic (Chapter 2).

The question concerning vulnerable EU-citizens has been widely debated in Sweden the last few years. Due to unclear legislation and strong municipal self-determination municipalities act differently regarding vulnerable EU-citizens. The purpose for the dissertation is therefore to analyse how Stockholm and Gothenburg City acts and collaborates with non-profit organisations in the question concerning vulnerable EU-citizens and whether the approaches can, according to the theory of territorial governance, be viewed as effective. The dissertation has showed that Gothenburg City has created a common action plan with surrounding municipalities in order to expand their territory. Gothenburg have also signed an IOP-agreement with several non-profit organisations in order for them to act together. The dissertation has showed that an IOP-agreement can be equated to an effective and sustainable partnership. Stockholm City on the other hand has not expanded their territory, since an equivalent interpretation of the law is important to the municipality. No IOP-agreement has been signed and a reason for this could be that the relationship between non-profit organisations in Stockholm City has historically been characterized by competition instead of trust. Due to the complex question concerning vulnerable EU-citizen, new forms of partnership has though been developed in Stockholm City.

Les Systèmes Agroalimentaires Localisés représentent des formes d'organisation de productionet de consommation particulières. Ils se différencient des systèmes agro-industriels dans larelation singulière qui unit les hommes, les produits et le territoire, dans la valorisation deressources spécifiques et dans des modalités de coordination géographiquement et socialementsituées. Un nombre croissant d'initiatives cherchent à les mettre en œuvre au travers descircuits courts, des circuits de proximité ou des projets alimentaires territoriaux.Nos travaux proposent d'éclairer d'un regard sociologique les mécanismes de construction deces systèmes alimentaires à partir de l'étude fine d'expériences pionnières. Nous mobilisons lescadres d'analyse déployés par la sociologie de l'innovation et de l'acteur-réseau d'une part, etpar la sociologie des réseaux d'autre part. L'expérience de la coopérative agricole Fermes deFigeac témoigne des processus d'activation du lien entre l'agriculture, l'alimentation et leterritoire, et de valorisation des ressources spécifiques. Ils se matérialisent dans les réseauxsociotechniques qui portent les circuits alimentaires territorialisés. Inspirés du modèle de lacoopération agricole, les responsables de l'organisation soutiennent l'expérimentation d'unedémarche de gouvernance alimentaire afin de coordonner les stratégies individuelles dans desstratégies coopératives pour répondre aux enjeux collectifs de développement.Les analyses révèlent les processus de traduction, de transformation et de médiation quiinterviennent au sein des organisations et à leurs frontières. Ces opérations s'avèrentnécessaires aux constructions collectives et aux coordinations des acteurs (humains et objets,individus et collectifs). Nous montrons le rôle des positions intermédiaires dans l'articulationdes stratégies et les capacités d'adaptation et d'innovation. Nous rendons également compte dela diversité et la variabilité des formes relationnelles qui accompagnent ces dynamiques.Menés dans le cadre d'une recherche-action, nos travaux s'inscrivent dans la volonté de coproductionthéorique et empirique. D'un point de vue opérationnel, nous attirons l'attentionsur l'importance des médiations (animations, documents, échanges…) dans les processuscollectifs et coopératifs et de l'indétermination (imprévisibilité) des dynamiques de changement.Nous proposons de tenir compte des réseaux secondaires et d'identifier les acteursintermédiaires (au-delà des représentants formels) dans les analyses de gouvernance alimentaireterritoriale. / Local Agri-Food System (SYAL) represents a particular form of organization of production andconsumption. SYAL differs from agro-industrial system as it encompass the singular web ofrelationship which unit people, the qualification of products and territory through the valuationof specific resources and the types of coordination that are geographically and socially situated.An increasing number of initiatives try to implement them, through short food circuits,proximity supply chains or local food projects.Our work proposes an empirical journey and a sociological theorizing of the mechanismsthrough which a particular local agri-food system has been enhanced. We mobilize theframeworks of Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) on one hand and by the Social Network Analysis(SNA) on the other hand. We took the opportunity of an in depth study of an agriculturalcooperative named “Fermes of Figeac” to decipher processes of structuration of associationbetween farming practices, food provisioning, territorial human agency and valuation'sprocesses of the specific resources. Those associations are materialized in socio-technicalnetworks, which supported territorialized food supply chain. Inspired by the foundationalmodel of agricultural cooperation, the managerial core set of the organization has experimentedan approach of food provision governance in order to transform individual strategies in cooperativestrategies with the aim to answer sustainable challenge at the local level.Analyses based on ANT and SNA methodology assess translation's, transformation's andmediation's processes that intervene within organizations and on their borders. Going beyond afunctional analysis, we also analyze the collective construction and the coordination of humanagency and objects, at both individual and collective levels. We particularly shed light on therole of intermediation positions in strategic articulations and of the capacities of adaptation andinnovation. We also report the diversity and the variability of the relational forms that sustaindynamics of change.Released in an action-research approach, our work intends to articulate theoretical andempirical production. From an operational point of view, we draw attention to mediations(animations, documents, exchanges…) in the collective and co-operative processes and to theunpredictability of dynamics of change. This leads to take into account secondary networks andto identify intermediaries (beyond the formal core set of managers) in the analysis of territorialfood governance.

[pt] Em 2007, a Lei Federal número 11.445, ao criar a Política Nacional de Saneamento Básico - PNSB, estabeleceu as diretrizes nacionais para o serviço de saneamento básico. Em 2010, entrou em vigor a Lei Federal no 12.305, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos - PNRS. Porém, muitos são os obstáculos enfrentados pelos municípios para que a PNRS possa, de fato, ser colocada em prática. Para além da presença de lixões, ativos ou desativados – e, nessa segunda situação, os que se encontram sem obras de recuperação ambiental -, há ausência de regularidade na coleta, carência de veículos e de maquinários específicos, dentre diversos outros problemas. O modelo de governança territorial proposto na pesquisa busca apontar a relevância de se compartilhar o protagonismo da gestão pública - em lugar da gestão exclusivamente estatal - com outros dois segmentos, de modo a se criar um ambiente orientado para uma gestão eficaz. Nessa nova perspectiva, a gestão, em consonância com a legislação, garantiria também a autonomia financeira do manejo, desonerando, assim, os orçamentos municipais. Portanto, pondera-se, por tais razões, a necessidade de uma governança territorial capaz de estabelecer regras de cooperação e coparticipação intersetorial no território da bacia do rio Iguaçu/RJ. Acredita-se que esse modelo se encontra em um patamar superior dentre outros que instrumentalizam o oferecimento de serviços à população, posto que, por meio dele, os partícipes, com autonomia fortalecida, pactuam as regras que os mesmos seguirão, como forma de viabilizar a prestação eficaz de serviços públicos. Considera-se, portanto, o compartilhamento democrático entre órgão estatal, sociedade civil organizada e setor empresarial - nas ações, metas e na mobilização de recursos para a gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos, em suas etapas de planejamento, execução e avaliação - uma transição vital a se pôr em prática. / [en] In 2007, the Federal Law 11.445 created the National Policy for Basic Sanitation - NPBS, which established national guidelines for basic sanitation services. In 2010, the Federal Law no. 12.305, which established the National Policy for Solid Waste - NPSW, came into force. However, many are the obstacles faced by municipalities so that the NPSW can, in fact, be put into practice. Besides the presence of active or deactivated dumps - and, in this second situation, those without environmental recovery works - there is a lack of regularity in the collection, lack of vehicles and specific machinery, among several other problems. The territorial governance model proposed in the research seeks to point out the relevance of sharing the protagonism of public management - instead of an exclusively state management - with other two segments, in order to create an environment oriented to an effective management. In this new perspective, management, in line with the legislation, would also guarantee the financial autonomy of management, thus relieving the municipal budgets. Therefore, it is considered, for these reasons, the need for a territorial governance capable of establishing rules for cooperation and intersectoral co-participation in the territory of the Iguaçu river basin in Rio de Janeiro. It is believed that this model is at a higher level among others that instrumentalize the provision of services to the population, since, through it, the participants, with strengthened autonomy, agree on the rules that they will follow, as a way to enable the effective provision of public services. Therefore, the democratic sharing between the state agency, organized civil society and the business sector - in the actions, targets and in the mobilization of resources for the management of urban solid waste, in its planning, execution and assessment stages - is considered a vital transition to be put into practice.