Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1982.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1982.

本研究旨在透過人類領域性理論，探討教師領域性相關內涵，以理解教師領域性心理與行為，進而探討國小教師領域性與協同教學意願的關係。本研究重點主要包括：（1）人類領域性與教師領域性的相關概念、（2）協同教學相關概念、（3）國小教師領域性與協同教學意願的關係、（4）對國小協同教學實施的建議。 本研究採用文獻分析法以及問卷調查法進行，以自編之「國民小學教師領域性與協同教學意願調查問卷」，針對台北市五所有班群教室設計與協同教學的國小及五所一般國小，合計十所國小全體教師實施問卷調查。合計發出502份問卷，有效問卷共計247份，有效問卷比例約49.2%。使用的統計方法除描述性統計外，還包括信度分析、T考驗、單因子變異數分析、相關分析、因素分析及潛在變項分析。 本研究主要結果如下： 一、國小教師確實會以領域相關概念處理教學相關事項，亦即，教師對教學相關事項的處理，確實存在領域性。 二、國小教師對教學相關事項的處理，偏向於初級領域概念。保守言之，其教師領域概念介於初級領域與次級領域之間，且略偏向初級領域。 三、整體而言，國小教師具有中等以上程度的教學相關領域性。 四、在五種教學相關領域事項中，國小教師最期望獲取的是時間與空間，最尊重不侵擾的是時間與學生群體。相對上，「教學時間」最能代表國小教師領域性。 五、經實證調查分析，八項有意義的領域性影響因素為：人際身分因素、領域特質因素、情境因素、性格/經驗因素、人際異同喜惡因素、資源因素、自我概念因素、程序因素。 六、整體而言，國小教師協同教學意願維持在中等程度，並傾向認為學校教師彼此間應該像是「親密的一家人」。 七、國小教師似乎偏好某些類型的協同教學。 八、國小教師若越傾向以初級領域概念處理教學空間、教學資源、教學時間、學生群體、及個人對教學的想法或做法，就越傾向不願意實施協同教學。 九、不同人口變項的國小教師其教師領域性與協同教學意願高低有顯著差異。 十、國小教師的教學相關領域性與其他場域領域性的特性有差異。 最後，依據上述研究結果，本研究分別提出對國小學課程與教學、學校或教育行政機關及未來研究的建議。 / This study aimed to investigate the content of territoriality of teachers through the theory of human territoriality, for realizing the psychological and behavioral significance of territoriality of teachers, and then studying the relationships between the concept of territoriality of teachers and the willingness of team teaching of elementary school teachers. The main pointes of this study includes: (1) the concepts about human territoriality and territoriality of teachers, (2) the concepts of team teaching, (3) the relationships between the concept of territoriality of teachers and the willingness of team teaching of elementary school teachers, and (4) the suggestions on the implementation of team teaching in the elementary schools. In this study, literature review and questionnaire survey were adopted; and the questionnaire “A Survey on the Relationships Between the Concept of Territoriality of Teachers and the Willingness of Team Teaching of Elementary School Teachers” was designed. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 502 elementary school teachers, from five clustered-classroom and team-teaching public elementary schools and five other general public elementary schools in Taipei city. At last, 247 questionnaires （49.2%） were valid and analyzed. Besides descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, factor analysis and SEM were used to analyze the data from the questionnaire survey. Some of significant findings of this study are as follows: 1. Most elementary school teachers treat related teaching affairs with territory concepts. That’s to say, the concept of territoriality of teachers can be found in the treatment of teaching affairs by most elementary school teachers. 2. Most elementary school teachers tend to treat teaching affairs with the concept of primary territory. In terms of conservative analysis, the inclination falls on the border between the primary and secondary territory, but towards the primary territory. 3. In general, most elementary school teachers possess above-average level of related territoriality of teaching. 4. Among five related territoriality of teaching affairs, most elementary school teachers desire to have time and space—value time and “space” most—and extremely respect time and students, which cannot be bothered. In other words, “Teaching time” is the most representative of territoriality of teachers. 5. After the analysis of the empirical study, eight significant Influential factors of territoriality are: (1) inter-personal relationship and status, (2) territorial characteristics, (3) situation, (4) personality/experience, (5) inter-personal preference, (6) resources, (7) self-concept, and (8) procedure. 6. On the whole, most elementary school teachers’ willingness to team teaching are moderate, and tend to regard each other as intimate family members. 7. Most elementary school teachers tend to prefer some kinds of team teaching. 8. The more elementary school teachers tend to treat—with the concept of primary territory—teaching space, teaching resources, teaching time, students, and their thinking and doing about teaching, the less they are willing to practice team teaching. 9. For the elementary school teachers of different demographical variables, the relationships between their territoriality of teachers and willingness of team teaching are significantly different. 10. The characteristics of territoriality of teaching are different from those of other fields. Finally, based on the findings of the questionnaire survey and related literature review, the researcher works out some suggestions on the elementary school curriculum and instruction, schools and educational administrative organizations and future researchers.

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many territorial carnivores deposit faeces and other scent-marks at specific latrine sites, and their role in territorial defence is often assumed. However, recent empirical and theoretical work suggests that ultimate explanations of territoriality differ between the sexes. In this thesis, I investigate patterns of latrine-use in cooperatively breeding meerkats, Suricata suricatta. Meerkats exhibit high reproductive skew, and in such societies an individual’s optimal investment in territory defence and intruder deterrence will depend not only on its sex, but also its breeding status within the group. The spatial and temporal distribution of meerkat latrines reflects the diversity in intruder type. Shared latrine sites between neighbouring groups facilitate costeffective monitoring of predictable intruders and surrounding land tenure. In contrast, intruding transient groups and prospecting males are effectively intercepted by latrines concentrated in the core of the territories, close to refuges. This represents the optimal strategy, as meerkat territories are too large to allow effective scent-marking around their entire peripheries, and these intruders travel between refuges during intrusions. Temporal patterns of latrine-use suggest their importance in mate-defence. Latrine-use was correlated with encounters with prospecting males and oestrous periods of resident females, and reached a peak coinciding with the season of elevated dispersal and take-over events. Additionally, rather than cooperatively contributing to territorial defence, individuals participated selfishly at latrines. Males preferentially over-marked female scent-marks and scent-marked at significantly greater rates than females, which resulted in male-biased latrines that were unrepresentative of group composition. Although all individuals investigated female scent-marks for significantly longer than male scent-marks, females invested most, suggesting that intra-group monitoring is an important aspect of latrine visits for females. The deleterious effects of close inbreeding are well known, but regular dispersal in both sexes, and long dominance tenure, result in unfamiliar siblings having a high probability of encountering one another post-dispersal. As latrines are implicated in mate-defence, olfactory assessment of factors affecting mating decisions might be expected, but although individuals do recognise foreign faeces, discrimination does not appear to occur on the basis of kinship. Together, these findings have broad implications for our understanding of individual variation and sex differences in scent-marking behaviour and territoriality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie territoriale karnivore deponeer faeces en ander reukmerke by spesifieke latrines en die latrines se rol in gebiedsverdediging word dikwels aangeneem. Onlangse empiriese en teoretiese werk stel egter voor dat die uiteindelike verduidelikings van territorialiteit verskil tussen die geslagte. In hierdie tesis ondersoek ek patrone van latrine-gebruik in samewerkend-broeiende meerkaaie (Suricata suricatta). Meerkaaie toon ‘n hoë graad van voorkeuraanwas en in sulke gemeenskappe sal ‘n individu se optimale belegging in gebiedsverdediging en indringer-verjaging nie net van sy/haar geslag afhang nie, maar ook van sy/ haar teelstatus in die groep. Die ruimtelike en temporale verspreiding van meerkat latrines weerspieël die verskeidenheid van indringertipes. Gedeelde latrine areas tussen naburige groepe help die kosteeffektiewe bestekopname van voorspelbare indringers en omringende landsbesetting aan. In kontras hiermee word tydelike groepe en geleentheidsoekende mannetjies effektiewelik voorgekeer deur latrines wat gekonsentreer is in gebiedskerne, naby aan skuilplekke. Dit verteenwoordig die optimale strategie, aangesien meerkat territoriums te groot is om effektiewe reukmerking van die hele grens toe te laat, en synde hierdie indringers tussen skuilplekke reis tydens invalle. Tydspatrone van latrine-gebruik dui die belangrikheid hiervan in paarmaat-beskerming aan. Latrinegebruik korreleer met ontmoetings met geleentheidsoekende mannetjies en die oestrus tydperk van inwonende wyfies, en bereik ‘n toppunt tydens die seisoen van verhoogde verspreiding en oornames. Ook sal individue selfsugtig deelneem by latrines eerder as om samewerkend by te dra tot gebiedsverdediging. Mannetjies verkies om vroulike reukmerke oor te merk en reukmerk teen ‘n beduidend hoër koers as wyfies, wat lei tot mannetjie-geneigde latrines wat nie verteenwoordigend is van die groepsamestelling nie. Alhoewel alle individue vroulike reukmerke beduidend langer as manlike reukmerke ondersoek, belê wyfies die meeste, wat daarop dui dat intragroep monitering ‘n belangrike aspek van latrine-besoeke is vir wyfies. Die nadelige effekte van sterk inteling is goed bekend, maar gereelde verspreiding in beide geslagte en lang dominante posisiehouding lei daartoe dat daar ‘n groot kans is vir onbekende nabye familielede om mekaar te ontmoet na verspreiding. Aangesien latrines ‘n rol speel in paarmaat-verdediging kan dit verwag word dat daar olfaktoriese beoordeling sal wees van faktore wat paringsbesluite beïnvloed, maar hoewel individue wel vreemdelinge se faeces herken, toon hulle geen onderskeidingsvermoë gebaseer op verwantskap nie. Saamgevoeg, het hierdie bevindinge wye implikasies vir ons begrip van individuele variasie en geslagsverskille in reukmerk-gedrag en terriorialiteit.

This dissertation shows how organizations, including local government and police, and residents within Seattle, Washingtons East Precinct define and police the contours of community, neighborhoods and public space. Under the rubric of public safety, these players create territorial geographies that seek to include only those who fit the narrowly conceived idea of a neighbor. Territoriality is exercised against the social Other in an attempt to build a cohesive community while at the same time excluding those who are seen as different or as non-conformant to acceptable behaviors in the neighborhood. This research provides a framework through which to examine how community policing produces an urban citizen subject and an idea of who belongs in public space. This work also combines discourses of abjection and public space showing how the two are linked together to form a contingent citizenship. Contingent citizenship describes a particular relationship between geography and citizenship. As I frame it, contingent citizenship is a public citizenship where one must conform to a social norm and act in a prescribed, appropriate way in the public sphere or fear repercussions such as incarceration, public humiliation or barring from public parks. This dissertation, through a synthesis of the literatures on abjection, public space and social control, provides an empirical example of how community policing controls, regulates and/or expels those socially constructed as the Other in public space. This dissertation also brings a geographic lens to questions of abjection, public space and social control. This dissertation is a comprehensive survey and analysis of how discourses surrounding public space produce a space that is exclusionary of those who are not conceived as citizens by structures intact within the city. This research shows how not all citizens (in the legal sense) fit the socio-cultural model of citizenship. Such contingent citizens are subject to more surveillance and policing in public space. Additionally, this research contributes to growing literature regarding how abjection plays into representations and understandings of public space.

No description available.

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem por objeto de estudo a intervenção teatral como forma de intervenção social que busque reconhecer formas de resistência social de grupos sociais em situação de subalternidade para valorizá-las, recuperando uma discussão já iniciada no Serviço Social. O objeto empírico tratado é um conjunto de intervenções teatrais realizadas na localidade de Caieiras Velhas, município de Aracruz, ES, entre 2006 e 2011 pelo Teatro do Oprimido, com a participação do autor deste estudo. Na introdução se justifica a utilização da imagem mitológica da Fênix para caracterizar a resistência social do povo indígena Tupiniquim, moradores tradicionais daquele território. Inicialmente se apresenta uma breve reflexão teórica sobre subalternidade a partir dos trabalhos de James Scott, Gayatry C. Spivak e Antônio Gramsci. Para subsidiar a discussão da metodologia da pesquisa se apresenta um panorama da metodologia do Teatro do Oprimido, entrecruzando as cinco categorias dos jogos e exercícios deste método com as categorias teóricas adotadas para definir os sujeitos, o lugar e as pertenças dos subalternos em Caieiras Velhas. A primeira categoria teórica é a de identidade, construída a partir das discussões de Manuela Carneiro da Cunha, Manuel Castells, Stuart Hall e Zygmunt Bauman. A segunda é lugar/territorialidade, e seu pressuposto —território—, compreendida a partir de Yi Fu Tuan, Milton Santos, Rogério Haesbaert e Claude Raffestin. A terceira categoria teórica é resistência social, baseada na concepção de James Scott. A quarta categoria é memória/experiência a partir de Ecléa Bosi, Carlos Rodrigues Brandão e Walter Benjamin. A estruturação do texto parte de uma breve descrição dos moradores da aldeia Tupiniquim Caieiras Velhas. A tematização do estudo foi extraída das intervenções realizadas pelo Teatro do Oprimido naquele território. Com a contribuição da Antropologia se caracteriza o teatro do poder que se deseja conhecer e discutir, situando a metodologia do Teatro do Oprimido neste contexto. Este trabalho tem ênfase nas mulheres do território, com o objetivo de aprofundar o conhecimento das suas atuais formas de resistência à dominação. / [en] This dissertation s focus is the theater interventions as a mean to recognize the forms, contents and importance of social resistance of subaltern groups, a perspective already tried by the Social Work area in the past. The experience under discussion is a set of workshops undertook by the Theater of the Oppressed at the village of Caieiras Velhas, Aracruz County, Espírito Santo Estate, Brazil, between 2006 and 2011, with the participation of the author. This work begins with the suggestion of the Phoenix Myth as a symbolic representation of the social resistance of the Tupiniquim People, natives of that territory. The theoretical appropriations start with considerations about subalternity based on the works of James Scott, Gayatry C. Spivak and Antônio Gramsci. The methodological aspects of the research are described and discussed in the lights of the Theater of the Oppressed methodology, cross relating its five stages of exercises and games with the adopted theoretical concepts, to describe the subjects, their place and their cultural sense of belonging at Caieiras Velhas. The first theoretical category adopted is identity, approached through the works of Manuela Carneiro da Cunha, Manuel Castells, Stuart Hall and Zygmunt Bauman. The second one is place/territoriality, and therefore – territory – based on the discussions of Yi Fu Tuan, Milton Santos, Rogério Haesbaert and Claude Raffestin. The third and last theoretical category is social resistance, with focus on James Scott s conceptions. The fourth category is memory/experience from Ecléa Bosi, Carlos Rodrigues Brandão and Walter Benjamin. The structure of the text begins with a description of the Tupiniquins within their own territory. The themes that organize the next chapters were extracted from the workshops of the Theater of the Oppressed occurred in Caieiras Velhas. From an anthropological point of view, this work discusses the theater of power in the village by using the methodology of the Theatre of the Oppressed. This work has emphasis on women s territory, in order to deepen their knowledge of current forms of resistance to domination.

Orientador: Rafael Litvin Villas Bôas / Resumo: Este trabalho investiga as místicas do MST a partir de suas manifestações concretas, depoimentos de militantes e análise da produção teórica formulada a respeito do tema. Partindo do entendimento do próprio MST em seus documentos e publicações sobre o que é mística, percorremos a investigação desde as raízes semânticas e históricas até os desdobramentos atuais. Procuramos construir um panorama da produção estético-formal com base na seleção de místicas exemplares, buscando identificar se elementos simbólicos, formais e estéticos estão dispostos na perspectiva da classe trabalhadora contra a hegemonia do capital. Nesse sentido, verificamos que as místicas executadas pelos trabalhadores rurais sem-terra apresentam elementos estéticos formais capazes de se opor à produção da indústria cultural, de modo a compor o território sem-terra. Da contraposição estética à hegemonia, a mística sem-terra, portanto, estabelece aproximações de procedimentos formais com o teatro épico brechtiano. Analisamos o conteúdo das encenações observando se categorias geográficas como território, região, espaço e paisagem estão presentes nas sessões de místicas do MST, reforçando a territorialidade sem-terra.Sendo assim, esta dissertação pretende verificar a contribuição da mística para a consolidação do MST como projeto contra-hegemônico em sua luta para se territorializar diante do capitalismo agrário brasileiro, em específico, e o capitalismo enquanto expressão geral de sociabilidade. / Resumen: Este artículo investiga las místicas del MST a partir de sus manifestaciones concretas, testimonios de militantes y análisis de la producción teórica formulada sobre el tema. De la comprensión MST mismo en sus documentos y publicaciones sobre lo que es mística, pasamos por el investigación desde las raíces semánticas e históricas hasta los desarrollos actuales. Buscamos construir una visión general de la producción estética-formal basada en la selección de místicas ejemplares, Identificar si los elementos simbólicos, formales y estéticos están dispuestos desde la perspectiva de clase obrera contra la hegemonía del capital. En este sentido, encontramos que las místicas realizadas por trabajadores rurales sin tierra tienen elementos estéticos formales capaces de oponerse a la producción de la industria cultural para componer el territorio sin tierra. De la contraposición estética a la hegemonía, la mística sin tierra establece por lo tanto con el teatro épico brechtiano. Analizamos el contenido de los escenarios observando si categorías geográficas como territorio, región, espacio y paisaje están presentes en el MST, reforzando la territorialidad sin tierra. Por lo tanto, esta tesis pretende verificar la contribución de la mística a la consolidación del MST como proyecto contrahegemónico en su lucha por territorializarse contra el capitalismo agrario brasileño, en particular, y el capitalismo como expresión general de la sociabilidad. / Abstract: This work investigates the mística of the MST from its concrete manifestations, testimonies and analysis of the theoretical production formulated on the subject. Starting from the MST's understanding of their own documents and publications regarding their own Místicas, we proceed from the semantic and historical roots to the present unfoldings. We seek to produce a panorama of formal aesthetic production from the selection of místicas and / or exemplary mística actions. From this selection we seek to identify if symbolic, formal and aesthetic elements are arranged in a working class perspective against the hegemony of capital. In this sense, we try to verify if the místicas performed by landless rural workers have formal aesthetic elements capable of opposing the production of the cultural industry in order to compose the landless territory. From the aesthetic opposition to hegemony, we intend to establish approximations of formal procedures of the mística with the Brechtian epic theater. We analyze the content of scenarios by observing geographic categories such as territory, region, space and landscape presentin the Místicas sessions of the MST, reinforcing landless territoriality. This dissertation intends to verify the contribution of the mísica to the consolidation of the MST as an anti-hegemonic project in its struggle to territorialize itself before Brazilian agrarian capitalismin specific, and capitalism as a general expression of sociability. / Mestre

Esta tese trata de um estilo de criatividade política quilombola que não circunscreve sua territorialidade com base nos vínculos criados exclusivamente com a terra e com os produtos da terra. O estudo cartografa as modalidades de enfrentamento entre quilombolas, indígenas e “sem terras”, de um lado, com o Estado e seus mediadores, de outro, que decorrem de concepções divergentes acerca do território, da identidade e da composição da vida. O cenário é ambientado no contexto de implementação dos dispositivos de justiça para regularização fundiária do território habitado por famílias quilombolas que vivem na localidade de Júlio Borges, município do Salto do Jacuí, RS. Além dos quilombolas, passaram a residir no território titulado, dois coletivos distintos de indígenas Kaingang e algumas famílias que se apossaram de porções da mesma área de terras em processo de titulação. As formas de convívio entre quilombolas, indígenas e “sem terras” levam-nos a penetrar um mundo marcado pela transformação e pela diferenciação em movimentos sucessivos de devir. Este estilo de relação e de convívio, marcado pelo movimento, desenha modalidades de agenciamento político, cuja potência coloca à prova os dispositivos de organização do território de Júlio Borges operacionalizados pela Política Nacional de Titulação Territorial. A tese, ainda, lança-se à tarefa de dar credibilidade aos enunciados nativos, aos saberes e às técnicas que compõem a cosmopolítica da localidade de Júlio Borges. / This dissertation thesis discusses a style of Quilombola political creativity that does not circumscribe its territoriality based on links created exclusively with the land and the products of the earth. The study maps the modalities of confrontation between Quilombolas, indigenous people and the “landless” groups, and the state and its mediators on one side. On the other side, these confrontations arise from divergent conceptions of territory, identity and composition of life. The study took place in the context of the implementation of justice devices for the regularization of a territory inhabited by Quilombola families in the district of Júlio Borges, in the town of Salto do Jacuí, in Rio Grande do Sul. In addition to the Quilombolas, two separate groups of the Kaingang indigenous tribe and some families who took over portions of the same land undergoing a titling process took up residence in the territory. The kinds of interaction among Quilombolas, indigenous people and the "landless" showed us a world marked by transformation and the differentiation in consecutive movements of being. This way of association and interaction, that is marked by the movement, generates new forms of political mediation, and its power puts the organizational devices of the district of Júlio Borges that are operated by the National Policy on Land Titling to the test. This dissertation thesis aims at giving credibility to the indigenous voice, knowledge and political techniques that make up the cosmopolitics of the district of Júlio Borges.

Entre os projetos mais importantes da Ditadura Militar Brasileira está a abertura da Rodovia Transamazônica (BR-230). Com a justificativa de promover o desenvolvimento regional, o Governo interferiu na organização territorial de diversos povos indígenas da região Norte do país. Esse é o caso dos Parakanã que vivem na Terra Indígena (TI) Parakanã, território tangenciado pela BR-230. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é o processo de transformação da territorialidade indígena Parakanã a partir da consolidação da Rodovia Transamazônica. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi necessário realizar atividades iniciais de gabinete como a compilação de dados bibliográficos, cartográficos e acervo fotográfico, além de atividades de campo no entorno da TI. A organização dos resultados foi realizada através da técnica de pesquisa conhecida como análise de conteúdo. Os Parakanã foram capazes de administrar o contato com os demais atores que chegavam a região do médio Tocantins durante vários anos. No entanto, através das Frentes de Atração da Fundação Nacional do Índio, o Estado aldeou os indígenas que habitavam as proximidades da rodovia. É neste ponto que recai a desterritorialização sobre os Parakanã, eles foram privados dos elementos fundamentais da sua territorialidade, desarticulando os vínculos e as práticas territoriais que haviam construído. A territorialidade Parakanã foi se modificando com a dinâmica da Amazônia brasileira, as reinvindicações para demarcação da TI Parakanã ajudaram na reestruturação territorial dos indígenas no período pós-rodovia. Os povos indígenas têm vínculos diferenciados com a terra, o que permite a flexibilidade no momento de conceber o território. Não existe uma necessidade de posse, é a presença de inimigos, a mobilidade, as roças coletivas, os rituais e etc., que se constituem nos elementos essenciais do território e, consequentemente, da territorialidade. / Among the most important projects of the Brazilian Military Dictatorship is the building of the Transamazônica Highway (BR-230). With the justification of promoting regional development, the Government interfered in the territorial organization of several indigenous people of the North region of the country. This is the case of the Parakanã living in the Indigenous Land Parakanã, territory borderer by the BR-230. The main objective of this essay is the transformation process of the indigenous Parakanã people territoriality from the consolidation of the Transamazônica highway. Therefore, it was necessary to carry out initial cabinet activities, such as the compilation of bibliographic, cartographic, photographic data, as well as the field activities around the Indigenous Land. The organization of the results was carried out through the researching technique known as content analysis. The Parakanã people were able to manage the contact with the other actors that arrived at the region of the middle Tocantins for several years. However, through the Frontiers of Attraction of the Fundação Nacional do Índio, the state has settled down the indigenous people who lived near the highway. At this point the deterritorialization falls on the Parakanã, they were deprived of the fundamental elements of their territoriality, dismantling the territorial ties and practices they had built. The Parakanã territoriality has been changing by the dynamics of the Brazilian Amazon, the claims for demarcation of the indigenous land Parakanã helped the territorial restructuring of the natives in the post-highway period. Indigenous peoples have a differentiated link with land, which allows for flexibility when designing the territory. There is no need for possession; it is the presence of enemies, mobility, collective plantations, rituals, etc., which constitute the essential elements of the territory and, consequently, territoriality.