This thesis argues that accommodation to winter was an important — though not the only — response of early Dakotans to the annual challenges and hazards of winter. It examines first the challenges of winter, then what Dakotans did to protect themselves from and even profit from the season, then the ways that Dakotans spoke in positive ways about their winters or, using winter, themselves. / Master of Arts

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of knowledge about glaucoma among the patients who attend the CBN staff eye clinic in Abuja. An exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on adult CBN staff members and their eligible dependants. Data on demographics and knowledge of glaucoma were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. One hundred and forty five respondents (100% return) participated in the study. Purposive sampling was done to recruit respondents. Of the total respondents’, 74.5% (n=108) claimed they had heard about glaucoma but only 14.5% (n = 21) had knowledge about glaucoma. Glaucoma knowledge was found to be independent of age, sex, ethnicity, educational level and respondents’ status within the CBN. Knowledge about glaucoma in this population is therefore according to the results, inadequate. Appropriate recommendations were made to improve glaucoma knowledge amongst patients who attend the clinic. / Health Studies

Orientador: Bernardo Mançano Fernandes / Banca: Carlos Alberto Feliciano / Banca: José Antonio Segrelles Serrano / Resumo: No Brasil existem 20 tipos de assentamentos de Reforma Agrária, além de 07 linhas de financiamento do Crédito Fundiário. Os assentamentos rurais não são implantados somente por meio da desapropriação de terras, mas também através de outras políticas como a regularização fundiária, o reconhecimento de projetos já existentes, o reassentamento de atingidos por grandes obras de infra-estrutura e outros. Eles não são implantados somente no campo, mas também na floresta. Não são assentados somente camponeses sem-terra, mas também comunidades tradicionais, posseiros, colonos e outros. Esses fatos demonstram que a atualidade da reforma agrária brasileira não pode ser estudada sem se levar em consideração essa diversidade dos assentamentos rurais. Como meio de contribuir com este debate, nesta dissertação fazemos um estudo sobre as territorialidades que são desenvolvidas nos tipos de assentamentos que existem no Território Cantuquiriguaçu, no estado do Paraná. Estudamos amostras dos 3 tipos de assentamentos presentes neste Território: o Projeto de Colonização (PC), o Projeto de Assentamento Federal (PA) e o Projeto de Reassentamento de Atingidos por Barragens (PRB). Esses tipos possuem origens e finalidades distintas, configurando diferentes usos do território. Embasados por estes resultados, demonstramos como a reforma agrária no Brasil precisa ser entendida por meio de uma perspectiva abrangente, levando-se em consideração a variedade dos tipos que têm sido implantados / Abstract: In Brazil, there are 20 types of land reform settlements, in addition to seven different financing arrangements offered by the federal government's land credit program. Rural settlements are established not only through land expropriation but also through the recognition of existing land occupations and projects, the resettlement of families displaced by large public works, such as the construction of hydroelectric plants. They are not established only on agricultural land but also in forests and urban areas. Settlers are not always landless peasants, but also squatters, colonists and traditional communities, such as indigenous peoples, among others. These facts demonstrate that Brazilian agrarian reform cannot be studied without taking into consideration the diversity of rural settlements. As a means of contributing to this debate, the focus of this master's thesis is a study of the territorialities that have been developed among the settlements that exist in Cantuquiriguaçu territory in the state of Paraná, in southern Brazil. We study examples of three types of settlements present in the area. They are: 1) Colonization Projects (PC - Projeto de Colonização), 2) Federal Settlement Projects (PA - Projeto de Assentamento Federal) and Dam Displacement Resettlement Projects (PRB - Projeto de Reassentamento de Atingidos por Barragens). These different types have distinct origins and objectives. Based on the results of this research, we argue that land reform in Brazil needs to be understood through a wider perspective, taking into account the variety of types that have been implemented / Mestre

Abstract not available

Typescript (Photocopy) / Copies of 4 published papers co-authored by author, and 7 maps, in back cover pocket. / Bibliography: leaves 203-218. / [232] leaves : ill., maps (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1989

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of knowledge about glaucoma among the patients who attend the CBN staff eye clinic in Abuja. An exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on adult CBN staff members and their eligible dependants. Data on demographics and knowledge of glaucoma were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. One hundred and forty five respondents (100% return) participated in the study. Purposive sampling was done to recruit respondents. Of the total respondents’, 74.5% (n=108) claimed they had heard about glaucoma but only 14.5% (n = 21) had knowledge about glaucoma. Glaucoma knowledge was found to be independent of age, sex, ethnicity, educational level and respondents’ status within the CBN. Knowledge about glaucoma in this population is therefore according to the results, inadequate. Appropriate recommendations were made to improve glaucoma knowledge amongst patients who attend the clinic. / Health Studies

Orientador: Marcio Antonio Cataia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias_AndreRodrigo_M.pdf: 5142420 bytes, checksum: 553f93db0a1851c3814c4b2a2fab3fdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo; O texto objetiva discutir as questões relativas às transferências intergovernamentais constitucionais realizadas entre a União, os estados e os municípios no que se refere às compensações financeiras por exploração de recursos hídricos, recursos minerais e royalties advindos da exploração de petróleo e gás natural. Esses aportes financeiros estruturam um importante viés da capacidade de organização dos entes federativos nacionais, influenciando de maneira significativa em suas configurações sócio-territoriais, bem como condicionando a própria conformação e desenvolvimento da federação brasileira enquanto modo de organização política do Estado nacional. O repasse e distribuição dessas transferências entre os entes federativos, previsto na Constituição Federal, são realizados mediante o atendimento de diversos critérios legais por parte dos agentes envolvidos, adequando-se a um amplo sistema normativo cuja incumbência principal é fornecer a regulação necessária para a continuidade e aperfeiçoamento desses instrumentos de transferência de recursos públicos. Entre as inúmeras variáveis geradas a partir dessa base legal de repasse de finanças governamentais, um atributo fundamental à análise refere-se às formas específicas e seletivas com que esses recursos são distribuídos pelo território nacional, impactando significativamente as estratégias de desenvolvimento regional. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa problematiza os aspectos principais dessa modalidade de transferência intergovernamental constitucional, compreendendo a forma e relevância em que se apresentam para a organização da federação brasileira, bem como no conjunto do território nacional, destacando seus principais aspectos legais, políticos, econômicos e, sobretudo, territoriais / Abstract: The text aims to discuss issues relating to constitutional intergovernmental transfers made between Union, states and municipalities that regards to financial compensation for exploitation of water resources, mineral resources and royalties arising from petroleum and natural gas. These financial contributions structure a significant bias of the capacity of organization of national federative entities, influencing significantly in their socio-territorial settings, as well as conditioning its own conformation and development of the Brazilian federation as a mode of political organization of the national State. The repass and distribution of this transfers between the federal entities foreseen in the Constitution, are performed with the assistance of several legal criterions by the agents involved, adapting itself to a wide regulatory system whose main incumbency is to provide the necessary regulation to the continuity and improvement of these instruments of transfer of public resources. Among the many variables generated from this legal basis for the transfer of government finances, a key attribute of the analysis refers to the selective and specific ways in which these resources are distributed throughout the country, significantly impacting the regional development strategies. Therein, the survey discusses the main aspects of this type of constitutional intergovernmental transfers, comprehending the manner and relevance that are presented to the organization of the Brazilian federation, as well as in the set of the national territory, highlighting its major legal, political, economic and mainly territorial aspects / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Devonian and Early Carboniferous marine clastic rocks of the Earn Group host several economically important stratiform massive sulphide and bedded barite deposits. Due to the chaotic sedimentation, considerable regional metamorphic overprint and, relative inaccessibility, little was known about the stratigraphy, the Late Devonian conodont fauna, or the age of the stratiform mineral deposits within the Earn Group. Conodont microfossils, however, are an excellent fauna for an Earn Group biostratigraphy program because of their ability to withstand both temperatures in excess of 400° C, and significant physical stress. With standard laboratory techniques conodonts were readily extracted from fine grain calcareous elastics and carbonate lenses within the Earn Group. The conodonts are described from three specific areas where the Earn Group is known to host stratiform barite and barite-lead-zinc mineral deposits: Macmillan Pass, Midway, and Gataga. As the majority of conodonts were diverse and well preserved platform elements of the genus Palmatolepis, the taxonomic studies focused on this genus; other genera including Ancyrodella, Icriodus, Klapperina, Mesotaxis, and Polygnathus were examined as part of the biostratigraphic/taxonomic studies. Previous to this study the widespread stratiform mineralization was dated as only Late Devonian. The conodont taxonomy and biostratigraphy in the Earn Group provide age constraints for duration and formation of the stratiform mineralization. The ability to tightly constrain the age of the stratiform mineralization adds to the knowledge of Earn Group deposition, the paleogeography of the Selwyn and Kechika Basins, and has implications for stratiform mineral exploration strategies in the Earn Group. On the basis of conodont faunal ages barite mineralization at MACMILLAN PASS apparently occurs as three different levels: 1) CATHY property - Eifelian to early Frasnian; 2) PETE, JEFF, GARY, and GHMS properties - middle to late Frasnian; 3) TEA property -Early Carboniferous. In addition, barite-lead-zinc mineralization at TOM and JASON properties likely occurs during middle to late Frasnian. In the GATAGA area barite and barite-lead-zinc mineralization have been recognized at several temporally distinct levels in the early to middle Famennian: 1) Lower rhomboidea Zone; 2) Lower marginifera Zone; 3) Upper marginifera Zone. Several other mineralized horizons are loosely constrained within the same interval. Within the MIDWAY area the stratiform barite mineralization at the EWEN and PERRY properties is of Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian age, and correlates broadly with the TEA barite in the Macmillan Pass area. In summary, events that produced stratiform barite-lead-zinc and barite mineralization in the Selwyn and Kechika Basins were not coeval. The Late Givetian and early Frasnian barite mineralization took place in the Macmillan Pass and southernmost Gataga areas. During the middle Frasnian barite and barite-lead zinc mineralization events occurred at Macmillan Pass. Several episodes of barite and/or barite-lead-zinc mineralization occurred in the Gataga area during the middle Famennian. The youngest barite mineralization events in the Earn Group took place in the Early Carboniferous, Tournaisian time at Macmillan Pass and Midway. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The central Pelly Mountains in southeastern Yukon Territory consist of imbricate thrust sheets, which have undergone syn- and post-thrusting deformation and metamorphism. The local geology is further complicated by intrusion of Upper Cretaceous batholiths, and by strike-slip faulting related to the Tintina Fault, a major northwest-trending transcurrent fault of uppermost Cretaceous or early Tertiary age. This faulting disrupts the northeast edge of the study area. Upper Devonian and Mississippian strata are present in at least two of the thrust sheets, but the Mississippian volcanic rocks occur in only one of them. The volcanic rocks consist of volcaniclastic material with minor interbedded flows, and were deposited in a submarine environment. Several coeval and cogenetic syenite and trachyte domes and small stocks are the remains of vent areas. Although the volcanic rocks are all highly altered and show evidence of widespread chemical mobility, trace element data indicate that the rocks are meta-luminous trachytes, most closely resembling peralkaline volcanics generated in extensional environments. This suggestion of a predominantly extensional tectonic setting in mid-Mississippian time in the Pelly Mountains is consistent with recent tectonic syntheses for the area. Stratabound and stratiform massive base metal sulphide deposits that occur within the Mississippian volcanic sequence are similar in many respects to the Kuroko-type volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits of Japan. The Pelly Mountains deposits, however, are among the first known occurrences in the world of Kuroko-type mineralization in a rift environment. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The Kluane Ranges are underlain by a sequence of stratified rocks ranging in age from Permian to Triassic, cut by .Cretaceous and Tertiary intrusions. Flow and pyroclastic rocks of Lower Permian Station Creek Formation were probably part of a volcanic arc environment. Argillaceous and tuffaceous rocks of the Transition Zone of Station Creek Formation and overlying sedimentary rocks of Lower Permian Hasen Creek Formation were deposited in a subaqueous environment, possibly a back-arc basin. Upper Triassic basalts of the Nikolai Greenstone are largely subaerial and were probably a product of rift volcanism. Lower Triassic Kluane gabbro-ultramafic complexes are sill- or sheet-like bodies, divisible into a Lower Group (within the Transition Zone) that consist of peridotite and dunite with associated nickel-copper sulphide deposits, and an Upper Group (within Hasen Creek rocks) that consist of gabbro and peridotite but with no known associated nickel-copper deposits. The ultramafic rocks are piagioclase-bearing and chemically are pyroxenitic and peridotitic komatiites. Bulk chemical composition of the Quill Creek complex is similar to that of pyrolite and calculations show the complex could have formed from an upper mantle diapir, affected by 40 percent partial melting and composed of residual olivine crystals and ultramafic liquid. Prominent copper lode deposits in the Kluane Ranges include: (1) vein and disseminated types in Station Creek volcanic rocks; (2) nickel-copper associated with Kluane complexes; and (3) vein-type in the Nikolai Greenstone. A narrow, positive range of sulphur isotopic compositions for vein sulphides in Station Creek Formation contrast sharply with a large range for those in the Nikolai Greenstone. The former deposits resulted from only local mobilization of sulphur (and metals) during metamorphism in a closed system, whereas mineralization in the Nikolai Greenstone involved considerable variation in chemical parameters of ore fluids in an open system with more than one source of sulphur. Anomalously negative sulphur isotopic values for nickel-copper sulphide bodies resulted from contamination of magmatic sulphur by 30 to 60 percent sulphur from wall rocks. Much of this contamination occurred prior to or during segregation of an immiscible sulphide liquid as at Quill Creek, with further contamination during injection of still liquid sulphide bodies into footwall rocks in the case of Canalask deposit. Substantial contaminant.sulphur may have been crucial in achieving sulphur saturation of magmas of Lower Group Kluane complexes and subsequent formation of associated nickel-copper sulphide deposits. Isotopic data for both magmatic sulphides and sulphur-bearing country rock support a strong case for a general sulphur contamination model for nickel-copper deposits related to mafic and ultramafic intrusions on a worldwide scale. Pyrite in wallrock is considered to be the most likely general source of sulphur contributed to ultramafic magmas and several different stages of sulphur contamination are possible throughout consolidation of the magmas and its associated sulphides. Sulphur transfer to the magma can occur by bulk country rock assimilation or by fluid ingress where the fluid derives sulphur from the contact zone by incongruent melting of pyrite or by complete dissociation of pyrite. Important features of this model, having economic implications, are: (1) emplacement of the ultramafic complex as a magma; (2) presence of sulphur-bearing country rocks; and (3) presence of a sulphur-depletion halo adjacent to the ultramafite. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate