The purpose of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of middle school American history textbooks to determine the extent to which the substantive concepts developed by the Syracuse University Social Studies Curriculum Center are included. Each of the eighteen concepts was modeled and applied to three textbooks in a concept analysis system. The two sub-problems of this study concerned the number of Syracuse substantive concepts included in each textbook and the degree of treatment--major and minor--that each concept received in the textbooks. Previous research indicated no studies had used a concept analysis system based on model building, had analyzed the Syracuse concepts or had modeled the individual concepts used in the analysis system. The literature review focused on four areas: the development of the Syracuse Center and its concepts, concepts and concept development, model building and textbook analysis. The concept analysis system employed the following main procedures; 1. Read each textbook page by page. 2. Determine the concept which is the major focus of the chapter sub-heading, sub-sub-heading or illustration. 3. Look for the possible main categories, sub-categories and elements included in the central concept. 4, Make necessary codings on the Concept Analysis Data Work Sheet. Four conclusions were reached by this study. First, the concepts received a lack of comprehensive coverage in the textbooks. Second, most of the central concepts were included in the textbooks, but they were not reinforced after the initial presentation. Third, pictures were the most often selected illustration in the textbooks. They were generally used as reinforcers of the central concept. Fourth, the previous research, although unlike this concept analysis system, had indicated an inadequate inclusion and treatment of the broad concepts investigated. This study tended to support these previous research findings. The findings of this study can be used by teachers to improve concept teaching or development with students, by writers of conceptoriented materials as a tool for analyzing their textbooks or other materials for concept presentation, omission and areas of needed concept reinforcement, by curriculum committees as an evaluation instrument for determining the conceptual adequacy of textbooks and other materials considered for adoption, and by the educational profession in considering the potential of model building as a tool of curriculum design, development and evaluation, In addition, suggestions for further research are presented. / Ed. D.

Electronic textbooks are different from ebooks (electronic books) in that they allow the user to go beyond just reading material on a computer screen. Electronic textbooks encourage the user to accomplish all of the operations typically performed with a hardcopy text in addition to some functions not possible with paper books. With electronic textbooks users can make annotations in the textbook with e-ink; mark important sections; search over the ink, the text, or even the scanned images; look up items in online dictionaries or encyclopedias; perform interactive reinforcement drills; view simulations; and many other operations afforded by the computing power of the underlying computer and the reach of the Internet connection. These operations encourage students to engage in active reading. The VText framework is designed to provide many of the desired features of an e-textbook in such a way that it produces pedagogical value rather than just convenience for students. Many so-called e-textbook solutions available today provide few features beyond those possible with hardcopy textbooks. The VText framework is built as an add-in to Microsoft's note-taking program, OneNote. The add-in provides features that facilitate the use of OneNote as a reader and as an educational tool while leaving in place OneNote's strengths in note-taking, collaboration, and search. / Master of Science

Undersökningar visar att svenska elevers resultat sjunker inom algebran och så har det varit i flera år. Inget ämne är så beroende av sitt läromedel som i ämnet matematik. Därför är syftet med denna uppsats att undersöka prealgebran i matematikböcker för årskurs 1-3 där grunden ska läggas inför algebran. Vad visar forskningen och är läromedlen utifrån forskningens resultat? Har läromedlen det som behövs för att eleverna ska kunna bli algebraiska? Är frågor som jag kommer att besvara. De grundlärobokserier som analyseras är vanligt förkommande i Sverige och är: Favorit matematik, Mästerkatten, Prima matematik, Eldorado och Mattedetektiverna. Resultatet visar dock att inget av läromedlen har alla delar som styrker eleverna till att bli algebraiska. / Studies show that Swedish pupils' performance falls within the algebra and it have been that way for years. No subject is so dependent of their teaching materials as in mathematics. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to examine prealgebran in math books for grades 1-3 where the basis must be laid before algebra. What does the research show? Are the teaching materials based on the research results? Do the teaching materials have what it takes for students to be algebraic? These questions are going to be answered in this essay. The books that are analyzed are common in Sweden and are: Favorite mathematics, Prima mathematics, Eldorado and the Math detectives. The result of this essay shows that none of the teaching materials have all the elements that the research show is important so the pupils can be algebraic.

O livro didático assume múltiplas funções e características. Constitui-se como uma referência de conteúdos para alunos e professores, guia orientador das atividades em sala de aula e como padrão de organização e sistematização do currículo. Porém, encontra-se sujeito às influências do contexto histórico e político em que se situa, estando impregnado dos valores e concepções desse contexto. Para compor a identidade do livro didático soma-se ainda a sua importância no mercado editorial. O livro didático é analisado, então, conforme as dimensões: suporte de conteúdos e métodos de ensino, veículo de valores, produto cultural e mercadoria. A partir desse cenário, será analisada a interação dessas várias dimensões na constituição do papel desempenhado pelo livro didático de Matemática para o Ensino Fundamental II, ao longo do período de 1971 a 2006, caracterizado pelo Ensino Fundamental com duração de oito anos. De modo a completar o estudo, foram analisados alguns livros didáticos de Matemática utilizados no período. / The textbook assumes multiple functions and features. It constitutes a reference content for students and teachers guide, guiding the activities in the classroom and as a standard of organization and systematization of the curriculum. However, is subject to the influences of historical and political context in which it is, being steeped in values and ideas that context. To make up the identity of the textbook, adds to their importance also in publishing. The textbook is analyzed, then, as the dimensions of support content and teaching methods, vehicle values, cultural products and merchandise. From this scenario, the possibility of interaction of various dimensions in the constitution the role of the textbook Mathematics for Elementary Education, over the period 1971 to 2006, characterized by the elementary school which lasts eight years. In order to complete the study, some mathematics textbooks used in the period has been analyzed.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-12T11:31:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogério dos Santos Lobo.pdf: 18965412 bytes, checksum: 14b5b24686e27326f72185c306819116 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-12T11:31:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogério dos Santos Lobo.pdf: 18965412 bytes, checksum: 14b5b24686e27326f72185c306819116 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-18 / Reflected on how a subject that uses the fundamental idea of Change is the source of various problems in regard to the initial concept of the Derivative. We elaborated the following research questions: What explanations of the concepts of Change and Rate of Change are given in Secondary School and Higher Education Textbooks? How are these explanations organised in Secondary School and Higher Education Textbooks? What meaning of Derivative can be constructed from Higher Education Textbooks? Moreover, in order to answer these questions, we seek the following general objective "to investigate the meanings of Change, Rate of Change and Derivative that can be constructed from the Secondary School and Higher Education Textbooks." The advancement of this objective is based on the achievement of the following specific objectives: To study the approaches given to the concepts of Change and Rate of Change in Secondary School Textbooks, more specifically in the Analytical Geometry - Study of the Tangent Line chapter; To Analyse the links between entries Semiotic Representation entries and the criteria for Epistemic Suitability for understanding the Rate of Change as applications of the Angular Coefficient, Calculation of Speeds, Average Economic Functions (Average Revenue, Average Profit, Average Cost), Direct Reasoning and the Rate of Relative Change (Percentage); To Analyse the links between Semiotic Representation entries and the criteria for Epistemic Suitability for understanding the Derivative and emphasising it as Rate of Change, alongside the applications of the Angular Coefficient, Calculation of Speeds, Marginal Economic Functions (Marginal Revenue, Marginal Profit and Marginal Cost), Direct Reasoning and Relative Change Rate (Percentage). For these analyses, we construct tables that use our theoretical-methodological references: Bardin's Content Analysis, Duval's Registers of Semiotic Representation Theory, the Holistic Meaning of the Derivative, and the criteria for Epistemic Impartiality. In the final considerations, we answer our research questions. The analyses of the Secondary School textbooks enabled us to draw a conclusion, among others, that the authors of these books explore the fundamental ideas of Change and Rate of Change mainly as an application of the Angular Coefficient and that meaning is constructed in alignment with only one of our various indicators. In the introduction to the Derivative, this concept is dealt with, among other approaches, as an application of the Angular Coefficient and the construction of meanings does not use any of our indicators / Refletimos, constantemente, como um assunto que utiliza a ideia fundamental de Variação é fonte de vários problemas no que diz respeito ao conceito inicial de Derivada. Elaboramos as seguintes questões de pesquisa: Quais significados dos conceitos de Variação e de Taxa de Variação são dados em Livros Didáticos do Ensino Médio e Ensino Superior? Como tais significados são organizados em Livros Didáticos do Ensino Médio e Ensino Superior? Qual significado de Derivada pode ser construído a partir de Livros Didáticos de Ensino Superior? E para respondermos a essas indagações, traçamos o seguinte objetivo geral “investigar os significados da Variação, da Taxa de Variação e da Derivada que podem ser construídos a partir da abordagem de Livros Didáticos do Ensino Médio e Ensino Superior” e o desdobramento deste objetivo apoia-se no alcance dos seguintes objetivos específicos: Estudar as abordagens dadas aos conceitos de Variação e da Taxa de Variação em Livros Didáticos de Ensino Médio, mais especificadamente no capítulo de Geometria Analítica – Estudo da Reta; Analisar as articulações entre registros os registros de Representação Semiótica e os critérios de Idoneidade Epistêmica para a compreensão da Taxa de Variação como aplicações de Coeficiente Angular, Cálculo de Velocidades, Funções Médias da Economia (Receita Média, Lucro Médio, Custo Médio), as Razões Diretas e a Taxa de Variação Relativa (Porcentagem); Analisar as articulações entre os registros de Representação Semiótica e os critérios de Idoneidade Epistêmica para a compreensão da Derivada e a enfatizando como Taxa de Variação, enquanto aplicações do Coeficiente Angular, Cálculo de Velocidades, Funções Marginais da Economia (Receita Marginal, Lucro Marginal e Custo Marginal), as Razões Diretas e a Taxa de Variação Relativa (Porcentagem). Para estas análises, construímos quadros que empregam nossos referenciais teórico-metodológicos: a Análise de conteúdo de Bardin, a Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Duval, o Sentido Holístico da Derivada e os critérios de Idoneidade Epistêmica. Nas considerações finais, respondemos nossas questões de pesquisa. As análises dos livros didáticos do Ensino Médio permitiram concluir, entre outras, que os autores desses livros exploram as ideias fundamentais da Variação e Taxa de Variação como aplicação, principalmente, do Coeficiente Angular e a organização dos significados é feito no sentido de apenas, entre tantos, um de nossos indicadores. Na introdução da Derivada a abordagem deste conceito é feita, entre tantas, como aplicação do Coeficiente Angular e na organização dos significados não é utilizando um dos nossos indicadores

Flera undersökningar har visat att svenska elevers kunskaper inom områdena taluppfattning och aritmetik har blivit sämre. I denna uppsats står därför taluppfattning, med multiplikation som utgångspunkt, i fokus. Syftet med det här arbetet har varit att analysera hur olika läromedels framställning av räknesättet multiplikation samt strukturering av inlärningen av de grundläggande multiplikationskombinationerna kan påverka elevers möjlighet att utveckla god taluppfattning. För att svara på vårt syfte har vi gjort en läromedelsanalys av fem olika läromedel i matematik, avsedda för åk 1-3. Resultatet pekar på att några av de analyserade läromedlen framställer multiplikation på ett begränsat sätt vilket kan antas ha negativ inverkan på elevers möjlighet att utveckla förståelse för räknesättet multiplikation och därmed också på taluppfattningen. Resultatet pekar också på att flera av läromedlen, genom sitt sätt att lyfta fram tankeformer och samband, strukturerar inlärningen av multiplikationskombinationerna så att elevers möjlighet att utveckla taluppfattning gynnas. / Several studies have shown that Swedish students' knowledge of number sense and arithmetic have been deteriorating. In view of this number sense, with multiplication as a basis, is the focus in this composition. The purpose of this work has been to analyze how different textbooks description of multiplication and structure of learning the basic multiplication combinations can influence students' ability to develop number sense. To answer our purpose we made a textbook analysis of five textbooks in mathematics, for grade 1-3. The results indicate that some of the analyzed textbooks describe multiplication in a limited way which one can assume have negative impact on students' ability to develop understanding of multiplication and so developing number sense. The results also indicate that several of the textbooks, by the way they emphasize mental strategies and connections between numbers, structure the learning of the basic multiplication combinations in a way that support students' opportunity to develop number sense.

This exam paper has examined visual portrayals of overweight and fatness in two swedish upper secondary school textbooks, one in physical education and one in social science. The textbooks were analyzed in regard to numeral representation, interacting social categories such as gender and age, depiction in forms of activities and stereotypes and relation to context close to or far away from a swedish context. The analysis showed an underrepresentation of overweight and fat bodies in both textbooks, but the represention of overweight bodies in the textbook on physical education were nearly nil whereas in the textbook on social science there where representations of both overweight and fat bodies. Combined the both textbooks gave a representation of health and youth as not represented by overweight or fat bodies.

O livro didático é um dos recursos mais disponíveis e utilizados no ensino de inglês. Analisar de forma reflexiva os papéis desta ferramenta no processo de ensino e aprendizagem é fundamental para o sucesso do seu uso. Por este motivo, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é compreender como o LD é usado pelos professores na prática, que adaptações são realizadas e quais os papéis desempenhados e atribuídos a este material dentro da sala de aula. Para mapear os assuntos predominantes nas pesquisas sobre livros didáticos, foi conduzida uma análise de publicações nacionais em periódicos da área de Letras/Linguística com índices Qualis A1 e A2 e internacionais no Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC. Constatamos que a maioria dos assuntos pesquisados sobre livros didáticos aborda a análise do material, sendo a minoria sobre o uso desta ferramenta. Analisamos também os conteúdos referentes a livros didáticos em livros de metodologia para ensino de inglês. Partimos das ideias propostas por Greenwood (1987), Graves (2003), Harmer (2001), McDonough e Shaw (1993), Nunan (1991) e Ur (1996) para listar as possíveis adaptações ao livro didático. Como procedimento metodológico para geração de dados, foram realizadas observações de aula e entrevistas com os professores. Nas observações, utilizamos sete turmas do Programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras-Inglês na UFRGS. Os professores observados foram entrevistados com o objetivo de conhecer sua opinião sobre o uso do livro didático para o ensino de inglês. Os dados gerados nas observações foram analisados partindo-se das possíveis adaptações ao material. Com as análises, percebemos, entre outros aspectos, que: os professores adaptam o livro didático com frequência e de forma variada; o livro didático ocupa um papel central na escolha dos conteúdos e das tarefas mesmo quando o professor adiciona material ao livro; há predominância de conteúdo gramatical; e a maior parte do tempo de aula é dedicada à utilização do material. Nas entrevistas, os professores afirmaram conferir ao livro didático a função de guia, assim como fazer uso restrito do manual do professor, fatos comprovados nas observações. Esta pesquisa visa a contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o uso do livro didático, auxiliando professores a refletirem sobre suas práticas e usarem o material de forma consciente, adaptando ao contexto e priorizando as reais necessidades dos seus alunos. / The textbook is one of the most available and used resources for teaching English. Analyzing its roles in the process of teaching and learning is essential for the contribution of the material use in the success of this process. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to understand the use of the textbook made by the teachers in practice, verifying if the material is adapted in some way and the changes made. With the intention of mapping the predominant topics in researches about textbooks, we analyzed Qualis A1 and A2 national publications in Languages/Linguistics Brazilian academic journals and international publications using the search tool of Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC website. We also analyzed the contents related to the use of textbooks in methodology books for teaching English. A research on possible adaptations to the textbook was carried out taking the ideas of Greenwood (1987), Graves (2003), Harmer (2001), McDonough e Shaw (1993), Nunan (1991) e Ur (1996) as a starting point. The methodological procedures for data generation were classroom observations and interviews with the teachers. For the observations, seven groups of the Languages without Boarders-English Program were selected. The same teachers who were observed were also interviewed in order to get to know their opinion about the use of textbooks to teach English. The data generated from the observations were analyzed based on the possible adaptations to the material. Through the analysis it was possible to perceive, among other aspects, that: the teachers frequently adapt the textbook and in a diverse way; the textbook has a central role in the choice of contents and types of tasks, even when the teacher complements the book bringing extra material; and most of the classroom time is dedicated to the use of the material. In the interviews, the teachers stated that they consider the textbook as a guide, and affirmed that they use the teacher’s book very little, which was confirmed in the observations. This research aims at contributing to expand empiric studies about the use of textbooks, thus helping teachers reflect on their practices and consciously use the material, adapting it to the context where it is/will be used and prioritizing their students’ interests and needs.

O livro didático é um dos recursos mais disponíveis e utilizados no ensino de inglês. Analisar de forma reflexiva os papéis desta ferramenta no processo de ensino e aprendizagem é fundamental para o sucesso do seu uso. Por este motivo, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é compreender como o LD é usado pelos professores na prática, que adaptações são realizadas e quais os papéis desempenhados e atribuídos a este material dentro da sala de aula. Para mapear os assuntos predominantes nas pesquisas sobre livros didáticos, foi conduzida uma análise de publicações nacionais em periódicos da área de Letras/Linguística com índices Qualis A1 e A2 e internacionais no Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC. Constatamos que a maioria dos assuntos pesquisados sobre livros didáticos aborda a análise do material, sendo a minoria sobre o uso desta ferramenta. Analisamos também os conteúdos referentes a livros didáticos em livros de metodologia para ensino de inglês. Partimos das ideias propostas por Greenwood (1987), Graves (2003), Harmer (2001), McDonough e Shaw (1993), Nunan (1991) e Ur (1996) para listar as possíveis adaptações ao livro didático. Como procedimento metodológico para geração de dados, foram realizadas observações de aula e entrevistas com os professores. Nas observações, utilizamos sete turmas do Programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras-Inglês na UFRGS. Os professores observados foram entrevistados com o objetivo de conhecer sua opinião sobre o uso do livro didático para o ensino de inglês. Os dados gerados nas observações foram analisados partindo-se das possíveis adaptações ao material. Com as análises, percebemos, entre outros aspectos, que: os professores adaptam o livro didático com frequência e de forma variada; o livro didático ocupa um papel central na escolha dos conteúdos e das tarefas mesmo quando o professor adiciona material ao livro; há predominância de conteúdo gramatical; e a maior parte do tempo de aula é dedicada à utilização do material. Nas entrevistas, os professores afirmaram conferir ao livro didático a função de guia, assim como fazer uso restrito do manual do professor, fatos comprovados nas observações. Esta pesquisa visa a contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o uso do livro didático, auxiliando professores a refletirem sobre suas práticas e usarem o material de forma consciente, adaptando ao contexto e priorizando as reais necessidades dos seus alunos. / The textbook is one of the most available and used resources for teaching English. Analyzing its roles in the process of teaching and learning is essential for the contribution of the material use in the success of this process. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to understand the use of the textbook made by the teachers in practice, verifying if the material is adapted in some way and the changes made. With the intention of mapping the predominant topics in researches about textbooks, we analyzed Qualis A1 and A2 national publications in Languages/Linguistics Brazilian academic journals and international publications using the search tool of Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC website. We also analyzed the contents related to the use of textbooks in methodology books for teaching English. A research on possible adaptations to the textbook was carried out taking the ideas of Greenwood (1987), Graves (2003), Harmer (2001), McDonough e Shaw (1993), Nunan (1991) e Ur (1996) as a starting point. The methodological procedures for data generation were classroom observations and interviews with the teachers. For the observations, seven groups of the Languages without Boarders-English Program were selected. The same teachers who were observed were also interviewed in order to get to know their opinion about the use of textbooks to teach English. The data generated from the observations were analyzed based on the possible adaptations to the material. Through the analysis it was possible to perceive, among other aspects, that: the teachers frequently adapt the textbook and in a diverse way; the textbook has a central role in the choice of contents and types of tasks, even when the teacher complements the book bringing extra material; and most of the classroom time is dedicated to the use of the material. In the interviews, the teachers stated that they consider the textbook as a guide, and affirmed that they use the teacher’s book very little, which was confirmed in the observations. This research aims at contributing to expand empiric studies about the use of textbooks, thus helping teachers reflect on their practices and consciously use the material, adapting it to the context where it is/will be used and prioritizing their students’ interests and needs.

O livro didático assume múltiplas funções e características. Constitui-se como uma referência de conteúdos para alunos e professores, guia orientador das atividades em sala de aula e como padrão de organização e sistematização do currículo. Porém, encontra-se sujeito às influências do contexto histórico e político em que se situa, estando impregnado dos valores e concepções desse contexto. Para compor a identidade do livro didático soma-se ainda a sua importância no mercado editorial. O livro didático é analisado, então, conforme as dimensões: suporte de conteúdos e métodos de ensino, veículo de valores, produto cultural e mercadoria. A partir desse cenário, será analisada a interação dessas várias dimensões na constituição do papel desempenhado pelo livro didático de Matemática para o Ensino Fundamental II, ao longo do período de 1971 a 2006, caracterizado pelo Ensino Fundamental com duração de oito anos. De modo a completar o estudo, foram analisados alguns livros didáticos de Matemática utilizados no período. / The textbook assumes multiple functions and features. It constitutes a reference content for students and teachers guide, guiding the activities in the classroom and as a standard of organization and systematization of the curriculum. However, is subject to the influences of historical and political context in which it is, being steeped in values and ideas that context. To make up the identity of the textbook, adds to their importance also in publishing. The textbook is analyzed, then, as the dimensions of support content and teaching methods, vehicle values, cultural products and merchandise. From this scenario, the possibility of interaction of various dimensions in the constitution the role of the textbook Mathematics for Elementary Education, over the period 1971 to 2006, characterized by the elementary school which lasts eight years. In order to complete the study, some mathematics textbooks used in the period has been analyzed.