China is experiencing the unprecedentedly rapid urbanization hence how to build a sustainable city with Chinese featuresbecomes a common challenge for city planners and researchers in the field of sustainability. Beijing has been the imperialcapital of China for more than eight hundred years and is deeply embedded within ancient Chinese urban planning theoriesand thoughts; for this reason it is chosen as the subject of this study. The history of Beijing as an imperial city from theYuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty (1267-1912) is reviewed under the framework PEBOSCA, an assessment framework ofsustainable community development which derives from UN HABITAT Agenda. The state of the seven resources ofsustainability is outlined to demonstrate the sustainability of Beijing’s imperial city planning history. Following this,sustainability was assessed at micro- and macro-levels: first the quadrangle as the basic unit of the city is documented andassessed with the Green Building Assessment Standard of China and the LEED for Homes Ranking system in a qualitativeapproach; then the city as a whole was analyzed to assess the interrelationships between the ancient Chinese urban theory –the Fengshui Theory – and urban ecology to understand its implications for the sustainable city planning.The study shows that although sustainable development is becoming a global issue, the key to the challenges faced is local.Integrated with modern technologies, the quadrangle design and the Fengshui Theory will inspire future sustainablecommunity planning and sustainable development.

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Les espaces de la Cité antique sont définis par la traditionnelle dichotomie opposant intérieur et extérieur, ville et campagne. Le travail présenté ici s’intéresse à l’ensemble formé par la ville et ses espaces périurbains en Méditerranée occidentale, dans le but de réviser notre vision du fait urbain antique. L’évolution récente de la recherche et le développement des études périurbaines tendent à considérer les marges urbaines comme un tissu conjonctif entre la cité et son territoire rural. Par la diversité des exemples présentés et les fenêtres d’étude de Cumes et de Pompéi, nous tentons d’identifier les processus de croissance ou de régression de ces espaces, leurs éléments constitutifs et leurs relations avec la cité ainsi que leurs aspects spatiaux, religieux, économiques et sociaux. Sans remettre en question le rôle central de la ville, nous soulignons les imbrications et les complémentarités existant entre ces divers composants des agglomérations antiques. La démarche historiographique, diachronique et comparatiste, complétée par deux études inédites de terrain à Cumes et à Pompéi, vise à définir les limites urbaines, les fonctions périurbaines, les zones de contrôle, d’influence et d’exclusion et les interdépendances dans une dynamique montrant les pulsations à l’œuvre dans l’ensemble composé par la ville antique et ses périphéries sur la longue durée. / The areas of the ancient City are defined by the traditional dichotomy opposing inside and outside, city and countryside. This work studies the couple formed by the city and its periurban spaces in the western Mediterranean, in order to revise our vision of the ancient urban fact. The recent evolution of research on this topic and the development of peri-urban studies tend to consider urban margins as a connective tissue between the city and its rural territory. Through the diversity of the examples analyzed and through the case studies of Cumae and Pompeii, we try to identify the processes of growth and/or regression of these areas, their constituent elements and their relationships with the city as well as their spatial religious, economic and social aspects. Without challenging the central role of the city, we emphasize the interlinkages and complementarities between the main components of the ancient agglomerations: centre, periphery and countryside. The historiographic, diachronic and comparative approach, completed by two unpublished archaeological excavations at Cumae and Pompeii, aims to define urban boundaries, periurban functions, zones of control, influence and exclusion as well as interdependencies in a dynamics showing the historical pulsations of the couple formed by the ancient city and its peripheries over the longue durée.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:25:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanioGB.pdf: 476703 bytes, checksum: bde8fd526772356f257cdebb94fc6c26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-01 / This work is a result of an research that aims to understand in which way the work The Ancient City of the French historian Fustel de Coulanges built a moral model for the institutions and for the construction of the French territory in the century XIX understood like The Modern City . Our intention is to present a study on the way like the ancient city it was built, when nationalist of century XIX is taking into account his connections with the space reforms and the discussion in France. In this sense, we go besides the works of the historiography of the century XIX on this subject and of the articles and tests of the beginning of the century XX, when urbanity planner tied the narrative Scientifics of Fustel with the discussion in France of this period and his contribution, through this connection between history and space, with the national education of the individuals and the formation of the French identity. In this way, we understand which History, Nation and Space were the bases of sustenance of the theory of Coulanges about The Ancient City and of the formation of the French territory. Besides, the discussion historiography between Frenchmen and Germans on the origins of his respective nations influenced Coulanges the perspective of narrating a history of the Antiquity, taking into account the cultural approach of the past and the modern Institutions / Esta pesquisa busca compreender de que maneira a obra Cidade Antiga do historiador franc?s Fustel de Coulanges construiu um modelo moral para as institui??es e para a constru??o do territ?rio franc?s no s?culo XIX, entendido como A Cidade Moderna . Nosso intuito ? apresentar um estudo sobre a maneira como a cidade antiga foi constru?da, levando em considera??o suas liga??es com as reformas espaciais e o debate nacionalista do Oitocentos na Fran?a. Nesse sentido, vamos al?m das obras da historiografia do s?culo XIX sobre esse tema e dos artigos e ensaios do come?o do s?culo XX, ao ligarmos a narrativa cientificista de Fustel com o debate urbanista na Fran?a desse per?odo e sua contribui??o, atrav?s dessa liga??o entre hist?ria e espa?o, com a instru??o nacional dos indiv?duos e a forma??o da identidade francesa. Desse modo, entendemos que Hist?ria, Na??o e Espa?o foram as bases de sustenta??o da tese de Coulanges acerca da Cidade Antiga e da forma??o do territ?rio franc?s. Al?m disso, o debate historiogr?fico entre franceses e alem?es sobre as origens de suas respectivas na??es influenciaram Coulanges na perspectiva de narrar uma hist?ria da Antiguidade, levando em considera??o a abordagem cultural do passado e as Institui??es modernas

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Representational artistic works were researched as visual evidence for the social, political, religious and economic lifestyles of the ancient Egyptian elite. The aims were to comprehend the status of elite women and to challenge the hypothesis that during the New Kingdom they enjoyed an increased social status in comparison to that of their predecessors. Many artistic works were analysed (tomb and palace wall scenes, statues, obelisks and personal artefacts), on the quest for evidence for the roles of elite women in events, practices and rituals at the time when the objects were created. Various international museums were visited and personal observations are correlated with expert publications. The study concludes that the status of elite women in the New Kingdom was both significantly different and exalted in comparison with the status of their counterparts during earlier dynasties. / OLD TESTAMENT & ANCIENT NE / MA (ANC NEAR EAST STUDIES)

Representational artistic works were researched as visual evidence for the social, political, religious and economic lifestyles of the ancient Egyptian elite. The aims were to comprehend the status of elite women and to challenge the hypothesis that during the New Kingdom they enjoyed an increased social status in comparison to that of their predecessors. Many artistic works were analysed (tomb and palace wall scenes, statues, obelisks and personal artefacts), on the quest for evidence for the roles of elite women in events, practices and rituals at the time when the objects were created. Various international museums were visited and personal observations are correlated with expert publications. The study concludes that the status of elite women in the New Kingdom was both significantly different and exalted in comparison with the status of their counterparts during earlier dynasties. / OLD TESTAMENT and ANCIENT NE / MA (ANC NEAR EAST STUDIES)

Malgré leurs divisions politiques, les Grecs reconnaissaient l’existence de sanctuaires qui leur étaient communs. Or, à côté de leurs fonctions religieuses, ces grands sanctuaires jouèrent aussi un rôle indéniable dans la politique internationale aux Ve et IVe siècles avant notre ère. En effet, les quatre plus grands, les sanctuaires de Delphes, de l’Isthme, de Némée et d’Olympie, organisaient des concours panhelléniques et recevaient des offrandes venues de tout le monde grec. Certes, les sanctuaires communs pouvaient aussi rassembler tout ou partie des Hellènes, dans le cadre de koina ou d’alliances militaires, mais ils étaient avant tout des lieux de mise en scène des rivalités entre les États grecs. C’est pourquoi ceux-ci cherchèrent à exercer un contrôle plus ou moins direct sur eux. Ainsi, lorsque le caractère commun du lieu sacré s’était traduit par la mise en place d’institutions, celles-ci pouvaient voir s’exprimer des rapports de force entre les différents membres. Surtout, en particulier dans le cas des sanctuaires se situant sur des confins, la volonté de maîtriser des sanctuaires communs pouvait donner lieu à des conflits mêlant politique et religion, le contrôle d’un sanctuaire étant alors la clé de l’hégémonie sur la région dont il était le centre cultuel. Néanmoins, les grands sanctuaires ne furent pas que des enjeux entre puissances  : les oracles et les familles sacerdotales qui y étaient responsables du culte pouvaient incontestablement prendre position dans les luttes pour l’hégémonie en Grèce. De plus, ces sanctuaires pouvaient parfois servir d’interfaces entre la civilisation hellénique et les cultures voisines (Perses, Étrusques, Libyens…). / Despite their political divisions, Greeks knew the existence of sanctuaries who were common to them. However, in addition to their religious functions, these great sanctuaries played too an undeniable in international policy in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. The four greatest sanctuaries (Delphi, Isthmia, Nemea and Olympia) organized panhellenic games and received consecrations from all the Greek world. Moreover, common sanctuaries could gather all the Hellenes or a part of them in koina or military alliances, but they were above all places for rivalries between Greek states. That is why these tried to control them more or less directly. Thus, when the common characteristics of the sacred place had resulted in specific institutions, these could be the scene of conflicts between different protagonists. Above all, particularly with sanctuaries on the borders, the will of control of great sanctuaries coul result in both political and religious wars. The control of a sanctuary was then the key of the hegemony on the country of which it was the religious center. Nevertheless, great sanctuaries were not only stakes between powers: oracles and priestly families who were in charge of the temple could unquestionably intervene in struggles for hegemony in Greece. Moreover, these sanctuaries could sometimes be places of contact between Hellenic civilization and neighbouring cultures (Persians, Etruscans, Libyans, etc.).