Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-06-01T21:41:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Maria da Conceição Queiroz Vale.pdf: 1667762 bytes, checksum: e413c9838d714fe490b868bbcdb3d43b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-02T17:45:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Maria da Conceição Queiroz Vale.pdf: 1667762 bytes, checksum: e413c9838d714fe490b868bbcdb3d43b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-02T17:49:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Maria da Conceição Queiroz Vale.pdf: 1667762 bytes, checksum: e413c9838d714fe490b868bbcdb3d43b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-02T17:49:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Maria da Conceição Queiroz Vale.pdf: 1667762 bytes, checksum: e413c9838d714fe490b868bbcdb3d43b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-06 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The objectiv e of this study is to investigate teacher’ s teaching beliefs x students ` learning beliefs about En glish as a Foreign Language ( EFL ) in a public s chool setting and contrast those beliefs to events in the EFL classroom, in order to identify convergences and discrepancies between speech and action of teacher s and students . The theoretical basis of this study is the sociocultural perspective in spired by the work of Lev Vygot sky (1987) and the contextual appr oach proposed by Barcelos (2006) . A case study (Johnso n, 1992) is presented with e thnographic characteristics , (André, 1995). The data were collected using a semi - structured interview technique and classroom observation in a public schoo l in the city of Manaus . The research result showed that in the school ob served, specifically in the EFL classroom, teac her and students share basically the same beliefs and that t hese beliefs likely influence their behavior in the classroom . The sociocultural perspective , which is the perspective adopted in this work , allows u s to situate and understand classroom events as a collaborative en deavor in which students and teachers participate in the construction of knowledge. Finally , in the current state of the research on beliefs, in the field of the Foreign Language teaching - le arning, it is clear that it is not yet possible to establish a direct causal relationship between beliefs on one side and behaviors/actions on the other side, raising the hypothesis that this relationship i s indirect . / Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as crenças de ensinar de professore s x crenças de apre nder de alunos de Inglês como Língua Estrangeira (LE) no contexto da escola pública e contrapor essas crenças aos eventos da sala de aula de Inglês como LE , tentando flagrar convergências e discrepâncias entre o dizer e o fazer de professor e alunos. Este trabalho fu ndamentou - se teori camente n a pers pecti va s ociocultural inspirada pela obra de Lev Vygotksky (1987) e a abordagem contextual proposta por Barcelos (2006) . Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso (Johnson, 1992) , com viés etnográfico, ( An dré, 1995). Na coleta de dados foi utiliza da a técnica de entrevista semi estruturada e a observação de aulas em uma escola públic a situada na cidade de Manaus . O resultado da pesquisa mostrou que, na escola investigada, ma i s especificamente na sala de aula observada, professor e aluno s compartilham p raticamente das mesmas crenças e que essas crenças , provavelmente, exercem influência em seu s comportamentos em sala de aula . A perspectiva sociocultural , que é a perspectiva adotada neste trabalho, permite situar e compreender os eventos da sala de aula c omo uma empreitada col aborativa em que todos os envolvidos participam da construção do conhecimento. Por fim, no estado atual da pesquisa sobre crenças, no domínio de ensino - aprendizagem de LE, fica claro que ainda não é possível estabelecer uma relação ca usal direta entre crenças de um lado e comportamentos/ações do outro, levantando - se a hipótese de que essa relação é indireta.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how collaborative language learning activities affected student perceptions of their engagement and language self-efficacy in a communicative, flipped language learning classroom in higher education. The new online platforms accompanying many textbooks now allow students to prepare for classes ahead of time, allowing instructors to use more class time for student engagement in actual language practices. However, there has been little investigation of the effects of this communicative, flipped classroom model on students’ learning processes and outcomes. This mixed methods action research study revealed that the introduction of varied collaborative language learning activities had a positive impact on students’ self-efficacy and engagement as well as provides implications that will be of value to language educators interested in enhancing their use of the communicative, flipped classroom model. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2019

As a result of the development in foreign trade in Vietnam, there is a growing need for trained business executives and business people. A good command of spoken English is one of the most important qualifications of a foreign trade executive who needs English as a means of communicating with English speaking people in various business activities. At present, the responsibility for training students of commerce mainly rests with Hanoi Foreign Trade College. English language teaching in general, and the teaching of speaking skills in particular still leave much,to be desired. The students' oral proficiency is far from satisfactory. The purpose of this report is to explore the two main problematic areas in teaching speaking skills to students of commerce in Vietnam: syllabus design and teaching methods. The report consists of four chapters. Chapter one looks at some major theoretical problems and practical issues in English for Specific Purposes teaching. Chapter two provides an analysis of the teaching and learning situations at Hanoi Foreign Trade College and problems in teaching oral skills. Chapter three is mainly concerned with designing a communicative syllabus for the teaching of speaking skills to students of commerce. Chapter four deals with the theoretical assumptions and processes involved in oral communication and discusses some classroom methods and techniques in the light of the current communicative approach. This report should be regarded as an exploratory attempt in adopting the communicative approach to teaching oral skills to students of commerce in Vietnam.

Increasing development of the relationship between Vietnam and other countries has resulted in a great demand for English language teaching (ELT) throughout the country. The need is ever greater for a considerable number of people who can use English effectively in their work. However, at present ELT in Vietnam is still far from satisfactory. There exists a common problem of communicative incompetence in Vietnamese learners. ELT in the Hanoi Foreign Languages Teachers' College (HFLTC) is taken to illustrate the fact that even after five years of training, students frequently remain deficient in the ability to actually use the language, to understand its use in normal communication, and to carry out their teaching adequately afterwards. That existing situation demands a critical look at ELT in all institutions to work out suitable materials and methods to be used in the Vietnamese setting. This work has been undertaken as an exploratory study of this problem. To provide a context for the study, the background to ELT in Vietnam is reviewed. Following it is a detailed description of different approaches used in ELT with reference to the teaching and learning situations in Vietnam. Special emphasis is placed on the differences between conventional approaches and the currently influential one - the Communicative Approach. A detailed comparison is made between two lessons taken from structuralbased and functional/notional-based textbooks representing two distinct approaches. This comparison will be examined from the methodological point of view, investigating, for example, how language is treated in the two approaches, how different types of activities are used, and the role of teacher and learner in the two approaches in order to highlight a possible fresh approach for Vietnamese coursebook designers, teachers and learners in ELT. A sample lesson based on the Communicative Approach is finally provided to assist any attempts to teach and learn English communicatively. It is hoped that this survey will contribute to reducing the existing problem of inadequate communicative competence in Vietnamese learners.

This study explores the whys and wherefores of the communication difficulties experienced by Tunisian secondary school learners of English as a foreign language, and aims at offering ways out of the issue.It has been demonstrated that the issue proceeds broadly from the woeful dearth of exposure to and practice of the language and certain inadequacies of the teaching methodology.English seems to be learned as a mere curricular discipline, in that students have only a few weekly sessions confined solely to a classroom setting.The inadequacies of the teaching methodology are manifest in a number of aspects. The use of the mother tongue in EFL classes has proved to generate more harm than good. In the very framework, it has also been revealed that Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has not been at the level of the expected outcome. Two CLT principal principles, focus on meaning to the detriment of form, and prioritizing oral fluency over written proficiency, as well as certain constraints, mainly the severe lack of instructional materials and large classes have intervened with its successful implementation in EFL classes. An added factor related to teaching methodology is the quasi‐absence of theoretical teaching as a prerequisite for the success of specific learning activities.Accordingly, exposing learners profusely to English in various ways inside and outside the classroom, adopting an only‐English eclectic approach to teaching the language, and combining theoretical instruction with practical teaching can considerably contribute to surmounting the students' learning difficulties, and hence to the achievement of their communicative competence.

Orientador: Jose Carlos Paes de Almeida Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T21:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu-e-Lima_DeniseMartinsde_D.pdf: 3386078 bytes, checksum: 364fbadb35ba33b85ca8d6c41c5ad208 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Pesquisas realizadas na área de Lingüística Aplicada (LA) sobre formação de professores de língua estrangeira (LE) revelam a falta de articulação entre teoria-prática e de preparo dos professores como sujeitos transformadores em sua prática, demonstrando a inconsistência da formação de professores no desenvolvimento das competências de ensinar, segundo classificação de Almeida Filho (1998). As mesmas pesquisas citadas indicam caminhos que podem ser seguidos para minimizar ou solucionar esses problemas. Um dos caminhos a ser percorrido na LA é saber como fazer para que uma abordagem de ensinar e aprender línguas, condizente com os resultados almejados, seja concretizada na prática e produza os efeitos desejados nas diferentes competências do profissional de ensino. De acordo com essas discussões e com as características exigidas pelo Ministério da Educação sobre o tipo de profissional que se deseja formar: que tenha capacidade crítico-reflexiva, que saiba trabalhar em equipe, realizar projetos, trabalhar interdisciplinarmente, desenvolvendo suas potencialidades e as de seus alunos, buscamos na teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas de Gardner (1983) um possível eixo temático para ser abordado em curso de formação de professores. Este trabalho, qualitativo e interpretativista, de cunho etnográfico, foi desenvolvido em uma universidade federal pública de formação de professores de inglês pré-serviço (PPS). Na organização da disciplina-base para esta pesquisa (sexto período de um curso noturno com 10 períodos), adotou-se como abordagens norteadoras: a reflexivista de formação de professores e a comunicativa de ensino de língua(s), neste caso, a língua inglesa. O objetivo foi o de verificar como o ensino de LE na formação de professores, baseado em uma abordagem comunicativa de ensinar, realizada por intermédio de projetos, aliado a uma formação reflexiva que desenvolva as competências de ensinar, pode ser articulado a um núcleo temático como a teoria das inteligências múltiplas. Com base nessas articulações teóricas, também se buscou avaliar de que forma essas teorias podem ser organizadas em um modelo macro-organizacional e que papéis podem assumir para auxiliar o professor formador em sua prática docente. Os instrumentos para coleta e análise dos dados foram: questionário diagnóstico, interação virtual e presencial, provas e projetos elaborados pelos PPS, aulas gravadas em vídeo, avaliações entre os colegas, auto-avaliações e anotações de campo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que há compatibilidade do eixo temático com o paradigma reflexivista de formação de professores que, aliado à abordagem comunicativa, permitiu que fosse criada a base necessária para o desenvolvimento das competências. A língua-alvo pôde ser utilizada contextualizada e significativamente em todos os momentos de ensino-aprendizagem, resultando no desenvolvimento da competência lingüístico-comunicativa. Os PPS puderam também desenvolver suas inteligências intra e interpessoais, fundamentais para o trabalho de sala de aula. Os projetos desenhados pelos PPS revelam quanto os mesmos desenvolveram suas competências durante o processo para sugerir mudanças no ensino de língua inglesa nas escolas. Além desses resultados, foi elaborada uma tabela organizadora de habilidades das inteligências que uma vez estimuladas desenvolvem as competências de ensinar dos PPS, bem como foi sugerida uma macro-formulação teórica para disciplinas a serem ministradas para PPS de língua(s) / Abstract: From the mid 90's on, studies in Applied Linguistics (AL) have been carried out investigating questions related to preservice teacher education. They have revealed lack of articulation between theory and practice, lack of comprehensive knowledge of the content to be taught and lack of pedagogical education. Most of these investigations have shown how underdeveloped the teaching competences (Almeida Filho, 1998) are. Researchers have pointed out some possible ways to develop more effective courses in language teacher education, stimulating the different competences. In agreement with these suggestions, the Brazilian Ministry of Education has established characteristics for the reflexive capacity, knowing how to work in interdisciplinary groups through projects. These characteristics are related to the concept of intelligence described by Gardner (1983) in the theory of Multiple Intelligences. The study reported here has evaluated the results of using this theory as a guideline in developing a course in a language teacher education program (LTEP). This qualitative and interpretative research, in an ethnographic basis, was carried out in a public federal LTEP. In the course used for this work (sixth period in a 10-period program), two paradigms were also adopted: the reflexivist of teachers¿ education and the communicative of language teaching, in this case, English as a foreign language (FL). It was believed that by choosing the communicative approach we would enable the preservice teachers to get access not only to the theory related to the topic but also to the experience of learning language through it, having models of how to teach using this approach in their future contexts. In this study, the CA was developed through projects designed by the preservice teachers. Taking the results of these articulations, it was also the purpose of this study to evaluate in which way these theories could be organized in a macro-structure model and which roles they could play to help the teacher educators in their practice. The instruments used to data collect and analysis were: diagnostic questionnaire, virtual and classroom interaction, tests and projects made by the preservice teachers as well as recorded classes, peer, self and course evaluations and field notes. The results demonstrate that there is compatibility among the theory of MI, the paradigm of reflexive teaching education and the communicative approach of teaching a foreign language through projects, creating the necessary basis to develop the teaching competences. The target language was used contextualized and meaningfully in all interactions what has resulted in a better linguistic-communicative competence. The preservice teachers could also develop their intra and interpersonal intelligences, fundamental to the classroom routine. The projects designed by the preservice teachers reveal how they are prepared to suggest changes and create new opportunities of learning English in elementary and secondary schools. Besides, this study proposes an organized table among specific abilities related to the eight intelligences that once stimulated could develop the teaching competences. A suggestion of a theoretical macro-structure of teaching was provided to be used in teacher education programs / Doutorado / Ensino-Aprendizagem de Segunda Lingua e Lingua Estrangeira / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Orientador: Jose Carlos Paes Almeida Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_KatiaMarquesda_M.pdf: 11767587 bytes, checksum: 336c2ad97691f66fb7e1e42e4f2b96fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa insere-se dentro dos estudos de ensino e aprendizagem de Língua Estrangeira com enfoque interdisciplinar. Foram analisadas aulas de língua inglesa ministradas a alunos do primeiro ano de Licenciatura em Letras de uma universidade pública de uma cidade de grande porte do interior de Minas Gerais. Configurando-se como uma pesquisa de natureza etnográfica, utilizamos, para coleta de registros, a gravação de aulas em áudio, notas de campo e entrevistas. Ressaltamos que a professora-pesquisadora constituiu-se como sujeito de pesquisa. O arcabouço teórico que norteou nossa análise esteve circunscrito aos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Widdowson (1978, 1979), Breen e Candlin (1980), Canale e Swain (1980) e Swain (1985), Almeida Filho (1993), entre outros; buscando apoio também em Goffman (1981), J. L. Gumperz (1982,1986), Stubbs (1983) e F. Cicurel (1990) para a análise da interação na sala de aula. A questão estudada nesta situação de pesquisa revelou as contradições e as convergências ocorridas nas aulas da professora-sujeito em sua tentativa de se ajustar entre uma abordagem desejada (interdisciplinar) e a sua abordagem real, ou seja, aquela de sua historicidade. Julgamos que este estudo contribui com subsídios teóricos e práticos para elaboração de programas e cursos de formação de professores de L2 e LE. Ademais, a reflexão feita neste trabalho pode levar os professores pré-serviço e em serviço a repensarem sua própria prática / Abstract: The present study was part of a Foreign Language program using an interdisciplinary approach. English language classes were taught to first year foreign language majors of a Federal University in the state of Minas Gerais. It is an ethnographic study and data were collected using tape, field notes and interviews. It should be noted that the teacher/researcher was also a subject of the research. Theory for the research was based on the work of Widdowson (1978, 1979). Breen & Candlin (1980), Canale & Swain (1980), Swan (1985) and Almeida Filho (1983), among others. Theory for classroom interaction was based on the work of Goffman (1981), Gumperz (1982, 1986), Stubbs (1983), and Cicurel (1990). The Study provides a theoretical base for the preparation of Second and Foreign Language instruction. The topic analyzed in this research revealed convergence and contradiction that occured in the class of the teacher/researcher as she attempted to make adjustments between an interdisciplinary approach and her traditional approachto teaching that is historicallysituated.The results provide information relevant to the development of English as a Second Language based on theoretical, communicative, implicit and applied linguistic skills of the teacher/researcher.The research presented at this time will assist pre-service teachers as they begin their careers and in-service teachers as they continue their quest to improve their teaching practice / Mestrado / Ensino-Aprendizagem de Segunda Lingua e Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

The aim of this project was to explore the jigsaw-method as a teaching tool in English as a Second Language-classrooms, and to design and evaluate a jigsaw-style lesson that aims to promote student activation and communication. To achieve this goal, we conducted a case study in which we designed and tried out a jigsaw-style lesson in two classes. We then evaluated the lessons through a survey which was analysed using thematic content analysis. The results of the survey showed that the negative aspects voiced by the participants belonged to the two main themes Perceived difficulty and Perceived lack of time. Additionally, the participants made several suggestions for improvements which were identified as belonging to the following three themes: Predetermined groups (Based on skill), More time for each step of the lesson, and Pre-activity & Prior Knowledge. The results from the survey, in combination with a review of literature on second language teaching and prior research, was used to propose several changes to the lesson format as it was used in the case study. For example, we proposed the addition of a pre-reading exercise aimed at giving prior knowledge and activating schemas, as well as the addition of graphic organisers to help provide a clear focus to the different stages of the lesson. The proposed changes were aimed at alleviating the difficulties voiced by the participants in the case study. The changes were then applied to the case study lesson as an example.

Cette thèse porte sur les questions liées au malentendu et à la communication dans le cadre de la didactique du Français Langue Etrangère. Une double question se pose de prime abord : d’une part, comment la communication est-elle envisagée dans didactique du FLE ? Et d’autre part : que peut-on opposer à cette vision du « tout-communicatif » ? Quelle autre façon d’envisager l’enseignement d’une langue étrangère pourrait-on opposer à cette dogmatique de la communication ?Il apparait qu’il y a dans la didactique actuelle des langues une obsession de la communication et une vision simplifiée des échanges langagiers. N’y a-t-il pas aujourd’hui dans la didactique du Français Langue Etrangère un malentendu à propos de la communication, concernant à la fois la façon dont on l’envisage et la place prépondérante qui lui est faite ?Plutôt que de se polariser comme à l’accoutumée sur la capacité des apprenants à transmettre des informations d’un pôle à un autre, il s’agit dans ce travail de proposer une autre perspective prenant davantage en compte le sujet et son intrication dans les langues. Sans doute serait-il profitable pour le Français Langue Etrangère de considérer davantage la relation entre un sujet et une langue plutôt que la relation de communication émetteur-récepteur ou énoncé-destinataire. Peut-être devrions-nous davantage prendre en compte la relation primordiale qui se construit entre une langue venue d’ailleurs et un sujet incorporant dans son esprit cet idiome étranger. / This thesis focuses on issues related to misunderstanding and communication within the teaching of French as a Foreign Language. From the outset, a double question arises: first, how is communication considered in the teaching of FFL? And secondly: what can we oppose this “all-communicative” view? How else could the teaching of a foreign language be opposed to this dogmatic conception of communication?It appears that there is in the current teaching of languages an obsession with communication and a simplified view of language exchanges. Is there not today in the teaching of French as a Foreign Language a misconception about communication, both about how it is viewed and the prominent place which it is given?Rather than concentrating as usual on the learners’ ability to transmit information from one pole to another, it is the aim of this work to propose another perspective taking greater account of the subject and his entanglement in the languages. Without doubt it would be profitable for French as a Foreign Language to consider further the relationship between a subject and a language rather than the communication relationship transmitter-receiver or statement-recipient. Maybe we should take greater consideration of the crucial relationship that is built between a language from elsewhere and a subject incorporating in his mind that foreign idiom.

This study takes a particular look at mathematics teacher education communities of practice (CoPs) in order to provide rich descriptions of the CoPs and make claims about its relation/in relation to teacher preparation and particularly the preparation of preservice teachers for teaching mathematics in multilingual classrooms. The three dimensions of communities of practice proposed by Wenger (mutual engagement, shared repertoire and joint enterprise) were used in conjunction with Mortimer and Scott’s notion of meaning making as a dialogic process as a theoretical lens to gain an entry into the nature of communities of practice in pre-service mathematics teacher education classrooms. Data was collected through pre-observation interviews of 12 teacher educators at four Universities in one Province in South Africa in Phase One of the study. A methodological approach based on Wenger’s CoP theory and Mortimer and Scott’s dialogic process was developed and used to analyse classroom observation videos of four of these teacher educators’ classroom communities of practice in two universities in Phase Two of the study. Using the privileged practices in the CoPs as points of departure and how these practices shaped and were shaped by other dynamics in the CoPs, the findings emerging from the study indicate that within the multiply layers of teacher education, there is an overarching emphasis given to the acquisition of mathematical content. Nevertheless, the communicative approaches and patterns of discourse used by the different teacher educators opened up different possibilities as far as preparing preservice teachers for teaching (in multilingual classrooms) is concerned. Wenger’s community of practice theory has found applications in different spheres of life and in different organisational and educational settings. Its use to understand and describe mathematics pre-service classrooms is, however, still largely unexplored. A theoretical contribution that this study makes lies in the extension of Wenger’s CoP theory to include dialogic processes. A methodological contribution lies in the development of an organisational language (based on Wenger’s three dimensions of CoP) to characterise pre-service teacher education classrooms.