Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Pedro.pdf: 881758 bytes, checksum: 90de25c24427deefbb12ef0b1c4b1cbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-26 / French language is one of the taught subjects, not only on the secondary school curriculum, but also at university, in Mozambique. The syllabus of this subject has been designed with regard to a geographical and socio-cultural framework, which does not match with Mozambican learners. It is spoken about France and the French who designed the textbook, which is used as teaching material in the secondary school in Mozambique. This textbook bridges information, which is unfamiliar to Mozambican learners of French. The aim of teaching and learning French in Mozambique, at school level, is to have learners achieve proficiency in this language in order for them to be able to communicate in various circumstances at school, university and elsewhere. The Mozambican learner, therefore, should be able to read, understand, write discourses related to school, university and elsewhere life, in his/her daily life, bearing in mind that most literature is in French. This research employs the translation method of macua tale as a cultural text in the process of teaching and learning French, the driving force in the cultural signification of learning and in the acquisition of communicative competence. The pedagogic experiment of this method and the interviews carried out teachers of French have revealed that learners can achieve linguistic competence necessary to be a successful grade 12 certificate holder in the final nation-wide examinations / A língua francesa é uma das disciplinas do currículo nas escolas secundárias, e mesmo nas universidades, do terrritório nacional moçambicano. O programa do ensino-aprendizagem desta disciplina foi concebido num espaço sóciocultural e geográfico que não coincide com o dos aprendizes moçambicanos. Está-se a falar da França e dos Franceses, que desenharam um manual, servindo de suporte pedagógico, no ensino secundário de Moçambique. Este manual tráz informações que não espelham aquilo que constitui o saber familiar dos alunos. O objectivo central do ensino e da aprendizagem do francês em Moçambique, no contexto escolar, é fazer com que os alunos tenham proficiência nessa língua, para poderem agir pronta e positivamente nas várias situações de vida escolar, universitária e outras. O aluno moçambicano deveria, portanto, ser capaz de ler, compreender, redigir enunciados, textos de carácter escolar, universitário e outros, no seu dia-a-dia, uma vez que existe vária bibliografia que recorre a autores franceses e/ou francófonos. Esta pesquisa propõe o recurso do método da tradução do Conto Macua, como texto cultural, no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do francês, força motriz na significação cultural da aprendizagem e na aquisição de competência de comunicação. A experimentação pedagógica do método e a entrevista aos professores de francês revelaram que os alunos podem possuir o domínio linguístico necessário para terminarem a 12ª classe com sucesso, nos exames de fim do ano

Enseigner l’espagnol comme langue étrangère (ELE) et utiliser la Littérature comme moyen didactique n’est pas une activité qui a été favorisée, ni dans l’aspect théorique comme pratique, dans les salles de classe, on l’a plutôt évitée. On a constaté que la plupart de temps on l’a réduit à un échantillon culturelle qui se situe à la fin des unités didactiques dans le manuelles d’ELE. Ces visions ont radicalement changé ces dernières années et des nombreux auteurs ont revendiqué son potentiel didactique et pédagogique. La présente mémoire s’inscrit dans la courante qui revendique l’utilisation du texte littéraire (TL) à cause du potentiel didactique qu’il renferme. On propose une série d’activités didactiques qui s’appuient dans le texte littéraire pour renforcer les compétences du discours au niveau de la description, la narration et la argumentation dans le cours d’espagnol langue étrangère (ELE) au niveau collégial et universitaire au Québec (Canada), en s’ appuyant sur les critères établis par le Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, le Plan curricular de l’Institut Cervantès, et le Programme du Ministère de l’Éducation du Québec. Auparavant, on a fait un bref parcours sur les différentes méthodes et approches pédagogiques dans l’enseignement de l’espagnol (ELE) ainsi que plusieurs études et articles qui proposent l’utilisation du texte littéraire en ayant comme objectif d’améliorer les compétences linguistique et communicatives des étudiants. / Teaching Spanish as a Second Language (ELE) and using literature as a didactic tool has never been an educational activity which received much support, in theory or in practice, it has rather been avoided. Most often, it has been relegated to a “cultural” sample at the end of the units in the ELE manuals, as “extra” material which the teacher did not really know what to do with. In recent years, these views have changed radically and many authors have claimed their teaching and learning potential. This thesis follows this tendency and claims the use of literary texts (TL) for the didactic potential they carry. It proposes a series of didactic activities, supported by literary texts, to strengthen the skills of discourse at the descriptive, the narrative and the argumentative level in teaching ELE to college and university students in Quebec (Canada), taking into account the criteria set by Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, the Plan curricular of the Instituto Cervantes and the Program of the Ministry of Education of Quebec. First, it offers a brief tour exposing the different currents and pedagogical approaches in the teaching of ELE and the various treaties and studies postulating the use of literary texts for this purpose. / Incursionar en la enseñanza del español para extranjeros (ELE) y utilizar la Literatura como herramienta didáctica no es una actividad docente que haya tenido siempre apoyo, tanto teórico como práctico, más bien se ha evitado. La mayoría de las veces se ha relegado a una muestra cultural al final de las unidades de los manuales de ELE, como un material extra con el que el docente no sabía bien qué hacer. Estas visiones han ido cambiando radicalmente en los últimos años, y numerosos autores han reivindicado su potencial didáctico y pedagógico. Esta memoria se inscribe en dicha corriente y reivindica el uso del texto literario (TL) por el potencial didáctico que conlleva. Se propone una serie de actividades didácticas, apoyadas en el texto literario, para fortalecer las competencias discursivas en el plano de la descripción, la narración y la argumentación en el ámbito de la enseñanza de ELE dirigidas a alumnos de nivel colegial y universitario de Quebec (Canadá), teniendo en cuenta los criterios establecidos por el Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas, el Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes y el Programa del Ministerio de Educación de Quebec. Anteriormente, se hace un breve recorrido para exponer las diferentes corrientes y enfoques pedagógicos en la enseñanza de ELE y los diferentes tratados y estudios que postulan el uso del texto literario para este fin.

Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία ασχολείται με τη διδασκαλία του γραπτού λόγου και, πιο συγκεκριμένα, με το ζήτημα του γραπτού επιχειρηματολογικού λόγου. Σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής είναι να διερευνηθεί αν και κατά πόσο μπορούν οι μαθητές / τριες της Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης, και συγκεκριμένα της Δ΄ τάξης του Δημοτικού Σχολείου, να ανταποκριθούν σε γραπτά θέματα επιχειρηματολογικού λόγου, δηλαδή αν είναι σε θέση, κατόπιν συστηματικής διδασκαλίας, να αναπτύξουν λόγο επιχειρηματολογικό και κατά πόσο σε αυτήν την ηλικία διαθέτουν την κριτική σκέψη που απαιτείται για την πραγμάτευση με το συγκεκριμένο κειμενικό είδους. / The present study deals with the teaching of writing and especially with the teaching of argumentative writing. The aim of this study is to investigate if ten years old pupils are able to cope with this genre.

Enseigner l’espagnol comme langue étrangère (ELE) et utiliser la Littérature comme moyen didactique n’est pas une activité qui a été favorisée, ni dans l’aspect théorique comme pratique, dans les salles de classe, on l’a plutôt évitée. On a constaté que la plupart de temps on l’a réduit à un échantillon culturelle qui se situe à la fin des unités didactiques dans le manuelles d’ELE. Ces visions ont radicalement changé ces dernières années et des nombreux auteurs ont revendiqué son potentiel didactique et pédagogique. La présente mémoire s’inscrit dans la courante qui revendique l’utilisation du texte littéraire (TL) à cause du potentiel didactique qu’il renferme. On propose une série d’activités didactiques qui s’appuient dans le texte littéraire pour renforcer les compétences du discours au niveau de la description, la narration et la argumentation dans le cours d’espagnol langue étrangère (ELE) au niveau collégial et universitaire au Québec (Canada), en s’ appuyant sur les critères établis par le Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, le Plan curricular de l’Institut Cervantès, et le Programme du Ministère de l’Éducation du Québec. Auparavant, on a fait un bref parcours sur les différentes méthodes et approches pédagogiques dans l’enseignement de l’espagnol (ELE) ainsi que plusieurs études et articles qui proposent l’utilisation du texte littéraire en ayant comme objectif d’améliorer les compétences linguistique et communicatives des étudiants. / Teaching Spanish as a Second Language (ELE) and using literature as a didactic tool has never been an educational activity which received much support, in theory or in practice, it has rather been avoided. Most often, it has been relegated to a “cultural” sample at the end of the units in the ELE manuals, as “extra” material which the teacher did not really know what to do with. In recent years, these views have changed radically and many authors have claimed their teaching and learning potential. This thesis follows this tendency and claims the use of literary texts (TL) for the didactic potential they carry. It proposes a series of didactic activities, supported by literary texts, to strengthen the skills of discourse at the descriptive, the narrative and the argumentative level in teaching ELE to college and university students in Quebec (Canada), taking into account the criteria set by Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, the Plan curricular of the Instituto Cervantes and the Program of the Ministry of Education of Quebec. First, it offers a brief tour exposing the different currents and pedagogical approaches in the teaching of ELE and the various treaties and studies postulating the use of literary texts for this purpose. / Incursionar en la enseñanza del español para extranjeros (ELE) y utilizar la Literatura como herramienta didáctica no es una actividad docente que haya tenido siempre apoyo, tanto teórico como práctico, más bien se ha evitado. La mayoría de las veces se ha relegado a una muestra cultural al final de las unidades de los manuales de ELE, como un material extra con el que el docente no sabía bien qué hacer. Estas visiones han ido cambiando radicalmente en los últimos años, y numerosos autores han reivindicado su potencial didáctico y pedagógico. Esta memoria se inscribe en dicha corriente y reivindica el uso del texto literario (TL) por el potencial didáctico que conlleva. Se propone una serie de actividades didácticas, apoyadas en el texto literario, para fortalecer las competencias discursivas en el plano de la descripción, la narración y la argumentación en el ámbito de la enseñanza de ELE dirigidas a alumnos de nivel colegial y universitario de Quebec (Canadá), teniendo en cuenta los criterios establecidos por el Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas, el Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes y el Programa del Ministerio de Educación de Quebec. Anteriormente, se hace un breve recorrido para exponer las diferentes corrientes y enfoques pedagógicos en la enseñanza de ELE y los diferentes tratados y estudios que postulan el uso del texto literario para este fin.

This Master's thesis is focused on selected factors in fluencing the learning of Czech language as a foreign language for speakers whose mother tongue is Spanish. It focuses on adult respondents aged between 25 and 40 years with a minimum level of B1. The theoretical partrepresents a brief overview of a second language learning approaches (SLA) and the relevant basic terminology.An overview of factors influencing the SLA follows and endsby own suggestion of categorizing factors for research purposes which this thesis deals with. Finally, communicative competences and selected levels of language levels A2, B1, B2 and C1 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages are introduced. The research part is realized by 5 semi- structured interviews through which the factors that play a significant role in the study of Czech as a foreign language are scrutinised from the point of view of the participants in the research. It is mainly about the evaluation of their own language/communication competencies, experience with teaching and about motivation to learn Czech. The uploaded and transcribed interviews are characterized by language analysis at the level of language levels. Keywords Czech as a foreign language, factors influencing SLA, interview, communicative competence,...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3778.pdf: 1641513 bytes, checksum: 9be27a10edbfd232570a0139e3c698db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-27 / A lot have been said about the communicative approach of language as principles to a language teaching that involves the intercultural aspect of the language. The arrival of the communicative approach is related to the changes in language conception in the end of the 20 century. Language seems now to be understood as a complex communication web with meanings for social interaction. Based on Richard and Rogers (20010, by this conception, the communicative dimension of language is emphasized and grammatical aspects are taken to a second plan in the language classroom where the process seems to be so important as the result of the activities. In that view, the language classroom becomes a changing knowledge and interaction environment where cultural aspects of a society are parts of the development of the communicative competence. By the view of the communicative approach, know a language is not just learning the structure of a language but the others culture to solve problems in different communicative situations. For the learner, the approach of cultural subjects in the classroom is responsible to understand his culture face the others. How it s believed the approach that presents more positive results in developing efficient speakers, is worth investigate how the approach is applied in different learning contexts. For that, we are going to analyze portuguese classes for the students of Law from the University of Macau teached by a brazilian professor in his first year on that institution. In that specific context, we are going to investigate the development of a communicative class for the Chinese students and the possibilities of an intercultural approach. Identify the intercultural approach is possible when there is interaction in the classroom once the students have to exchange knowledge to solve language problems. According to this view this research is based on a material and its use in classroom by a brasilian teacher. The material, which designed based on brasilian movies is the base of this research. The results of the analyses, also based on a questionnaire and an interview showed that the communicative approach wasn t possible in the observed classes. The difficulty in using that kind of approach in the chinese context must be because of the cultural factor and/or the no adjustment of the method by the professor. That s why we have to consider the educational context to define and adjust our methods. / Muito tem-se discutido acerca da abordagem comunicativa como princípios para um ensino de línguas que dê conta do caráter interacional da língua. O advento dessa abordagem deve-se à alteração ocorrida na concepção e na formulação do conceito de língua nas últimas décadas do século XX. A língua passa a ser entendida como uma rede de comunicação de significados por meio da interação social. Com base no trabalho de Richard e Rogers (2001), sob essa concepção de língua, a sua dimensão comunicativa é mais enfatizada e aspectos como o gramatical levados a segundo plano em uma sala de aula de língua estrangeira, onde o processo passa a ser tão ou mais importante que o resultado das atividades. A sala de aula transforma-se em um ambiente de trocas de conhecimentos por meio da interação, onde os aspectos culturais da sociedade da língua alvo são parte integrante do desenvolvimento de uma competência comunicativa. Sob o olhar do paradigma comunicativo de línguas, aprender uma língua significa não só dominar a estrutura da língua, mas conhecer a cultura do outro para dar conta das diversas situações de comunicação em que se pode estar inserido. Para o aprendente, a abordagem de aspectos culturais em sala de aula passa a ser responsável pelo entendimento de sua cultura face à do outro. Como se acredita ser a abordagem que mais apresente resultados positivos na formação de falantes eficientes em língua estrangeira, ou seja, capazes de interagir na língua alvo em diversas situações, é preciso averiguar como ela se dá nos diferentes contextos de ensino. Para tanto, analisaremos as aulas de português língua estrangeira do curso de Direito da Universidade de Macau ministrada por um professor brasileiro em seu primeiro ano de trabalho na instituição. Nesse contexto específico de ensino, pretendemos, então, averiguar o desenvolvimento de uma aula comunicativa para os aprendentes macaenses e as possibilidades de uma abordagem intercultural. A identificação de um trabalho intercultural é possível à partir da interação em sala de aula promovida por uma abordagem comunicativa, sendo que os aprendentes devem compartilhar conhecimentos para a construção de conhecimentos necessários na resolução de algum problema da língua. Com isso, a interculturalidade proporciona ao aprendente o conhecimento de sua cultura contrastando-a com a cultura da sociedade da língua alvo. Para tanto, nossa pesquisa basear-se-á no material e sua abordagem na sala de aula por um professor brasileiro pesquisador da área de Português Língua Estrangeira. O material, que possui filmes brasileiros como recurso disparador das atividades e elaborado pelo professor das aulas analisadas, serviu de base para nossa análise. O resultado da análise das aulas, com base também no questionário e entrevista aplicados ao professor, mostrou que a abordagem comunicativa nas aulas analisadas não foi possível. Essa dificuldade de implementação desse tipo de abordagem no contexto de ensino chinês deve se dar por fatores culturais e/ou não adequação do método pelo professor. Desse modo, precisamos levar em conta o contexto de ensino na definição e adequação de nossos métodos.

5 ABSTRACT The present paper deals with the development of reading skills of adult learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) in Czech language schools and its support provided by three different Chinese language course books. Even though there are various Chinese language course books available on the market, the attention these pay to reading comprehension and its development, is still rather limited. The present master thesis proposes classroom techniques which might be used to address this problem during CFL lessons. The first chapter presents findings and recommendations based on research into the development of foreign language reading skills in general, which are, in the second chapter, subsequently followed by a summary of research findings focusing specifically on teaching reading in CFL. The demands on course books raised by researchers in both fields are then applied to reading texts and accompanying exercises included in three pre-intermediate level CFL course books, New Practical Chinese Reader (Liu et al., 2002), Boya Chinese (Lǐ et al., 2005) and Discover China (Qi et al., 2010). The outcome of the the thesis consists of 21 designed lesson plans which propose solutions to some of the issues raised in the theoretical part of the thesis. The lesson plans indicate how course book texts...

This study is an attempt to determine the impact of teachers' attitudes on their classroom behaviour and therefore on their implementation of the Communicative Approach. A descriptive case study was conducted at six secondary schools in Harare, Zimbabwe (as ESL environment) to determine the effect of 38 O-level English teachers' attitudes on their classroom practice. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, including a questionnaire, an observation instrument and a semistructured interview were used to gauge teachers' attitudes, assessing the extent to which attitudes are reflected in their classroom behaviour, and eliciting teachers' verbalisation of how they conceive of their professional task. The findings show that the effective implementation of the Communicative Approach was critically dependent on teachers' positive attitudes towards this approach in the five categories covered by this study. / Linguistics / M.A. (Applied Linguistics)

The study of a foreign language can never be seen in isolation, but forms part of the social and cultural setting in which it functions. Therefore, teaching English to multicultural groups of adults in Qatar, cannot be done effectively and efficiently, without taking the influence of cultural diversities and values, as well as the requirements of the adult learner, into account. This research deals with how native English speaking lecturers at one specific language centre in Qatar acknowledge these cultural diversities and values and how they accommodate adult learners in the multicultural classroom environment, by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation. Qualitative data collection was done by open-ended questionnaires to lecturers and learners, focus group interviews with lecturers and learners, individual interviews with lecturers, classroom observations and keeping of field notes. Findings revealed that lecturers are aware of the cultural diversities and values of learners who come into the classroom from different nationalities, and accommodated these learners without bias. These differences however, did not necessarily influence their teaching styles and lecturers remained focussed on teaching English as effectively as possible. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)

Cette recherche trouve sa justification dans l’esprit d’ouverture vers les langues dans les pays de l’Union européenne. Comme, depuis janvier 2007, la Roumanie est entrée dans cette grande famille, l’enseignement des langues y est devenu, plus que jamais, une priorité. Notre questionnement porte sur : - la place des langues romanes et de l’anglais dans l’enseignement roumain actuel ; - la manière dont les documents officiels actuels (programmes scolaires, curriculum national, manuels scolaires) du ministère de l’Éducation et de la Recherche de Roumanie intègrent le nouveau dispositif du Conseil de l’Europe, le Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (CECR) ; - les manuels scolaires actuels pour les langues romanes (français, italien, espagnol) et l’anglais ; - les pratiques pédagogiques dans l’enseignement des différentes langues. Les façons d’apprendre et d’enseigner les langues à l’heure actuelle sont nombreuses, mais notre analyse reste dans le cadre théorique du CECR, dans l’objectif d’aider les enseignants, les élèves et les concepteurs de cours à coordonner leurs efforts pour augmenter la qualité de l’acte éducatif. Notre recherche ouvre la porte sur une réflexion plus approfondie concernant l’efficacité des méthodes utilisées aujourd’hui dans le domaine de l’enseignement des langues étrangères au lycée. La didactique moderne essaie de répondre aux demandes de la société, en proposant des stratégies multiples et adaptées pour former les élèves. L’expérience de la tradition associée à la capacité d’innovation sont les nouveaux repères de l’école pour une société multiculturelle. Si l’école roumaine veut s’inscrire dans la modernité, elle devra poursuivre le travail de fond engagé dans le respect et l’application du CECR, s’assurer que les professeurs y sont formés et leur donner les moyens d’intégrer cette modernité dans leurs pratiques scolaires / This research finds its justification in the spirit of the opening towards the modern foreign languages in the European Union. As, since January 2007, Romania has entered this big family, the teaching of modern foreign languages has become, more than ever, a priority. In this research we were interested in : - the place of the Romance languages and of the English language in the Romanian education system of today ; - the way in which the current official documents (school curricula, national curricula, school textbooks) of the Ministry of Education and Research of Romania integrates a new framework of the European Council, Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) ; - the current school textbooks of the Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish) and of English ; - the pedagogical activity in the teaching of various foreign languages. Nowadays, the ways of learning and teaching are numerous, but our analysis followsthe theoretical framework of CEFR, with the purpose of helping teachers, students and the authors of courses coordinate their efforts to enhance the quality of the teaching process. Our research opens the way for a deeper reflection as to the efficiency of the methods used today in the field of teaching foreign languages in high school. The modern Didactics tries to answer the requests of the society, proposing multiple strategies and adapted to form the students. The experience of the tradition associated with the capacity of innovation sets the new landmarks of school for a multicultural society. If the Romanian educational system wants to keep pace with the modernity, will have to continue the steps already made observing and applying the CEFR rules, to secure that the teachers are formed and are given the means to integrate this modernity in the actual teaching and practice in schools