Plants adjust to challenging environments by genetically fixed changes and phenotypically plastic response. Alpine environments pose multiple challenges to plant life including cold, high irradiance and short vegetative period. To survive such specific conditions, plants often significantly alter their morphology. In my thesis I studied to which extent specific traits of alpine ecotypes repeatedly appear among independently formed alpine populations and to which extent these changes represent fixed genotypic differentiation vs phenotypic plasticity. To address these questions I performed an experiment in which Arabidopsis arenosa plants from sixteen populations belonging to two ecotypes (alpine and foothill) were grown in conditions resembling alpine vs foothill conditions. Specifically, I modified levels of irradiance and temperature and complemented alpine-like and foothill-like treatment by additional two extreme treatments to reach full-factorial design. I used discriminant and classificatory analysis to examine the overall morphological differentiation characterised by set of twenty measured traits. Then I examined variation in each trait by statistical Bayesian model that I designed for this purpose. I found out that although ecotypes are predominantly differentiated by fixed morphological...

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 乙第13493号 / 論地環博第16号 / 新制||地環||44(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 西前 出, 准教授 真常 仁志, 教授 樋口 浩和 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Due to the combined effect of intense rainfall events together with the expected impact of climate change, this will put pressure on the existing and future infrastructure for storm water management. One of the challenges related to this is the combined sewer system which is still operating in large areas of many cities worldwide. In Stockholm, combined sewer represents around 50% of the total sewer pipe length. In a Combined sewer system, once the conveyed discharge exceeds the system capacity, the system overflows, which can result in a diverse range of health and environmental problems. The cause of overflow has been strongly linked to runoff from intense rainfall events. Therefore, a key proposal to overcome this problem is to disconnect runoff from hard surfaces. This research aims to investigate the impact of applying a rainwater harvesting (RWH) and reuse system to collect runoff water from roof surfaces in areas with combined sewer system. A simulation water balance model for a rooftop RWH system was developed and two reuse purposes were considered, which entails toilet flushing and garden irrigation within the property. The study area consists of one building block within Kungsholmen area in Stockholm. The obtained results indicate that applying such systems can reduce runoff to the sewer system. Toilet flushing reuse shows a higher reduction impact on sewer flow than the use for irrigation. Toilet flushing reuse reduces annual runoff volumes to sewer in a range of 49.5% - 93.4% while irrigation provided reduction in a range of 11.6% - 26.3%. Regarding number of times that overflow from the combined sewer system occurs, toilet flushing reuse demonstrated reduction of 40% - 100% while 20% to 60% was reduced by irrigation reuse. For overflow volume, a reduction rate of 11% to 100% was reached through toilet flushing in contrast to 9% to 43% reduction from irrigation reuse. 19% to 37% of toilet flushing water demand was covered by the tank, while arange of 48% to 100% was covered for irrigation demand. All these parameters were found to be sensitive to change in tank size where increasing the size result in higher flow reduction rates. When considering implementing a reuse system, it is important to consider the applicability of RWH and reuse within the specific property. In areas that are under development, either of the two reuses can be considered depending on local conditions. However, in already built up area it is difficult to introduce a system that requires significant adjustment to existing pipe networks, such as reuse systems for toilet flushing. Systems for outdoor irrigation are possible to implement in most situations. When it comes to tank size, the optimal size will depend on the intended reuse, the catchment area and the objective of the system. For example, if the main objective is to reduce potable water consumption, a smaller tank can be used compared to where the main objective is to reduce sewer overflow. Hence, when considering implementing a rainwater reuse systems, each project will need to consider the local conditions as well as the individual objectives when determining the optimal reuse purpose and tank size. A cost-benefit analysis should also be considered when determining the optimal tank size for the intended use.

This paper investigates Fletcher Steele’s ideas about nature, and the fitness of gardens, in order to guide and support a reinvigoration of Naumkeag. Its aim is to highlight the protection of ecological resources while preserving aesthetic and historic integrity. This topic is particularly timely as The Trustees of Reservations are in the process of completing an extensive and unprecedented restoration plan, which will be carried out over the next five years. The Trustees have a long history of historic preservation and ecological conservation. This paper explores how these two aspects of their work can be integrated at Naumkeag, with particular attention to the undesigned portions of the site, such as the grasslands’ fen community. It illuminates how Steele’s original conception of the site, his environmental ethic, and his inspired design, can inform the adoption of original sustainable practices in the gardens, guide sensitive plant replacements, and enhance the visitor’s experience and knowledge.

The goal of the thesis is an architectural study of Exposition Hall for the okapi, bongo and the hippos, including open-air concept. The pavilion has an organic, regular shape of drop, which is the entry point deformed inwards. The face is made of aluminum facade system. The interior of the pavilion evoking a rainforest environment with rooflights and pillars in the shape of trees. Around the pavilion to span the different paddocks lined visitor's tour, seats and view points.

A house is situated into a newly designed urban structure, witch we devised in our previous lessons in studio. The project aslo includes a new Mendel’s squar design nearby the house location. The house is a corner vacant in the Křížová Street. The house is thought to contain flats for young people and families due to its location. Most of the apartments are maisonettes. The house has become a tenement house with courtyard galleries because this is typical for this place. The concept of the house is based on the rotation of one wing of the house away from the noisy street with a lot of traffic and trams. There is created a place with many opposite courtyard galleries and apertures. The concept also devides a part of the house facing the street into two main distinct sections. There is a yard with a garden between the two wings of the house and the inhabitants will be able to relax there. The building is higher than an opposite gabled house and it also responds to a corner gabeld house in the Mendel’s squar. The house will be a new dominant in the crossroad among Vaclavcká street, Křížová street and Křídloviská street. There are coffe to go, fitness center and other commercial premises in the ground floor and the first floor. There are 30 flats (including 22 maisonettes) with an avarage area of 67 square meters and 70 parking places in underground garage.

From 18 century, Czech lands were advanced industrial part of the Austrian monarchy and Brno became a textile industrial city. In the middle of 19th century in an open area of the island there was a spinning mill built in Obřany. Then 70 years later it was replaced by an object, which is the subject of the diploma work at this time. In process of time some other buildings, stores and offices were built and so created the atmosphere of an industrial town. The spinning mill with its strong dominant asymetric position by today's bridge over the river Svitava becomes a focus of activity on the island. Its neoclassical décor and large articulated windows remind style of French water palaces rather than an industrial building. Symmetrical building is disturbed by placing a water tower at the southeast corner. The internal structure clearly shows the contents of the original function - a storey location of machines. The object tectonics is also readable from this structure, where the top floor consists of a grid of slender pillars, while in the ground there are pillars bearing the brunt of all floors. And it supports my choice to make free no cut space from the fourth floor; with two skylights, which also gets daylight depth into the spinning mill. Dominance of the spinning mill over the island is balanced by plane-tree. It supports the assumption of the residence, since these trees can be found in many castle parks. Just these two symbols of animate and inanimate nature are becoming mainstays of my concept - the house and tree. At this time, when the island has failed to fulfill the function of industrial area, a closed unit, it should become accessible to the general public again. There were open green spaces till the early 19th century. In my project I clean the island into a form so that it will be subjected only to significant mass and old tree. The island will offer the missing grassed area in contrast to the surrounding forested hills.

The subject of the project is a consideration of the fact that the area of Ponava is not used sufficiently. This concerns mainly the complex of the former football stadium. The goal is to find a solution that brings life into the area and is able to evaluate the potentials of the place, while not erasing the traces of the past. The main principles used in this project could be patterns how to bring life to other brownfields in Brno and elsewhere.

The artist discusses her Master of Fine Arts exhibition, Inside, Outside, In-Between, held at the Carroll Reece Museum on the campus of East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, from February 26 through March 13, 2008. The works included in this exhibition are a collection of paintings that employ the use of traditional and non-traditional materials to explore the connections between place and memory. These pieces are investigations into materiality and process, combining local beeswax, sticks, garden soil, charcoal, and ashes together with oil, shellac, oil pastel, pencil, and other traditional artist's materials. Ideas discussed include materiality, process, composition, cropping, collective and selective memory, landmarks, archaeology, gardening, borders and boundaries, parietal Paleolithic art and the art of the Abstract Expressionists, ritual, alchemy, time, liminality, and the influences of Michelle Stuart, Mary Frank, and Cai Guo-Qiang.

Dante Alighieri’s transcendental work the Divine Comedy is masterfully appropriated in this cartoon mini-series titled Over the Garden Wall in order to explore the issue of suicidal ideation and depression while contradicting Dante. Through different textual and conceptual appropriations, the show invokes the imagery of the Divine Comedy while creating an ending that is the complete opposite of its source text, turning Dante on his head and becoming an anti-Divine Comedy. The different characters of the epic poem are reimagined for these purposes, and the result is a work of art that makes the personal into the universal.