Pollination-dependent fruit trees grown in home gardens play an important role in the agricultural based economy of Central Asian countries, yet little is known about the status of pollinator communities, the cultivated plant composition or the factors that influence management practices in Kyrgyz home garden agroecosystems. As agricultural systems are human created and managed, a logical approach to their study blends anthropological and ecological methods, an ethnoecological approach. Over three years, I investigated how species richness and abundance of Hymenoptera, cultivated plants, and home garden management were related using quantitative and qualitative methods in the Issyk-kul Man and Biosphere reserve. Structured surveys were undertaken with heads of households using a random sample stratified by village. Gardens were then mapped with participation of household members to inventory edible species in gardens, most of which are pollinator-dependent, and to compare home garden diversity as reported by respondents during interviews. Apple diversity was studied to the variety level to understand respondents’ classification system in the context of in situ agrobiodiversity conservation. Household members identified 52 edible plant species when mapping the garden, compared with 32 reported when interviewed. The proportion of plant species received from others through exchange and the number of plots cultivated significantly explained the variation in edible plant diversity among gardens. Insects were sampled in gardens and orchards to determine potential pollinator community composition and the effect of different management practices on Hymenoptera richness and abundance. I collected 756 Hymenoptera individuals (56 bee; 12 wasp species); 12 species were new records for Kyrgyzstan or within Kyrgyzstan. Economic pressures to intensify cultivation could impact management practices that currently promote diversity. A home garden development initiative was undertaken to study management practice improvement. Participants in the initiative had higher adoption rates than controls of management practices that improve long-term yield, ecological sustainability and stability of home gardens. Home gardens, as currently managed, support abundant and diverse pollinator communities and have high cultivated plant diversity with few differences in community composition between garden management types.

The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the aesthetic decisions and theoretical complexity of three of Ernest Hemingway’s most experimental texts: IN OUR TIME, TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT, and THE GARDEN OF EDEN, and to show that the usually maligned Hemingway was an author invested in the avant-garde and in analyzing and dissecting rigid societal rules, not championing them. Through critical analysis this study examined how Hemingway makes specific aesthetic decisions in order to more clearly examine the disparity between whites and both women and racial minorities in America. The problems that Hemingway makes clear through his art are meant to have a profound effect upon the reader and encourage re-evaluation of societal rules, their purpose, and their fairness to those who are not white, male, and typically in a position of power. The findings demonstrate that Hemingway’s entire oeuvre is open to re-interpretation on the basis of a progressive view of the author.

Master of Urban and Regional Planning

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22286号 / 理博第4600号 / 新制||理||1660(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 工藤 洋, 教授 田村 実, 准教授 高山 浩司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Most of what is known about the ways in which strongly interacting species affect ecological communities stems from changes to community structure revealed in contemporary research. However, trophic downgrading has limited the temporal extent to which inferences can be drawn. The aim of my Dissertation was to expand on the strongly interacting species concept by examining species interactions at a historical scale, in a textbook example of a strongly interacting and keystone predator. The sea otter, Enhydra lutris, was driven to near-extinction but is recovering in parts of its range, providing a mosaic of areas with and without sea otters. This mosaic allowed for a series of natural experiments, which I conducted using behavioural observations, genetic tools, and archaeological methods, to examine sea otter effects spanning contemporary (last ~40 yrs.), and late-Holocene (~3500-150 yrs. ago) timeframes, and on an evolutionary scale that inferred middle-Pleistocene interactions. In Chapter 2, my coauthors and I found that sea otter use of clam-based niches increased as occupancy-time increased, and that bachelor groups of male otters primarily inhabited these niches, findings that informed and inspired subsequent questions. In Chapter 3, we found that where sea otters were established for 20-30 years, the disturbance to eelgrass (Zostera marina), caused by sea otters digging for clams and other infaunal prey, was correlated with ~25% greater eelgrass allelic richness than where otters were present <10 yrs, or absent. We posit that sea otter digging has long-influenced the genetic diversity and resilience of eelgrass – perhaps since the middle Pleistocene. In Chapter 4, we asked how two strongly interacting species – people and sea otters – co-existed for millennia where they both consumed clams. We used assemblages of live and otter-cracked butter clams (Saxidomus gigantea), to confirm the ecological effects that sea otters exert today. We measured clams from archaeological assemblages in areas densely populated with clam gardens – terraced beaches that enhance clam habitat and productivity – and found that sea otters reduced the sizes of ancient clams, acting as ecologically effective predators in the mid-to-late Holocene. However, clam harvests were stable for thousands of years, with or without otters. We suggest that clam gardening supported coexistence of people and otters in the past, and could function the same way today. Collectively, we found that a few, perhaps long-forgotten, interactions increased the breadth of the strongly interacting species concept. In Chapter 5, I suggest that such rediscoveries could occur in other systems. Many large vertebrates have suffered population declines, but the most insidious losses accompanying these, are the losses of ecological interactions that become unknowable, and thus cannot be intentionally restored. By searching out ancient interactions, long-forgotten relationships have the potential to be recovered, and to inform our understanding of contemporary systems. / Graduate / 2022-09-10

No description available.

Diplomová práce se zabývá současnou komunikační strategií Lipky, školského zařízení pro environmentální vzdělávání, a možnostech zlepšení této strategie zvláště s ohledem na oblast zahradního vzdělávání. Teoretická část se zaměřuje na vysvětlení základních konceptů v rámci dané problematiky. Následující část pak představuje výsledky interních a externích analýz komunikační strategie Lipky. Tato část též poukazuje na možné nedostatky a navrhuje alternativní řešení pro vylepšení efektivity komunikace. Práce se zaměřuje na pedagogy z jihomoravského kraje a jejich přehled o aktivitách Lipky a také jejich zájem o nabízené kurzy.

Ce travail de thèse propose d’interroger la place des loisirs de chasse, de pêche, de cueillette et d’observation naturaliste dans la préservation des espaces naturels de l’estuaire de la Seine. Le cadre conceptuel s’appuie sur la sociologie du loisir nord-américaine pour traiter ces activités selon la Perspective des Loisirs Sérieux. À travers une méthodologie qui mêle l’ethnographie, l’entretien récit de vie et le questionnaire, ces loisirs sont présentés comme le support de conflits mais aussi d’engagements, liés à l’étude, à la gestion et à la valorisation de la nature. L’analyse lie l’immersion dans l’environnement et la pratique de la prédation avec la construction de convictions écologiques d’ordre sociopolitique. La mise en cohérence de ces convictions est assurée par des passeurs qui font usage du loisir comme d’un outil de transaction sociale : il est un support de communication utilisé pour mettre en réseau les différents acteurs institutionnels et associatifs qui s’investissent dans la préservation de la nature. / This thesis proposes to question hunters, anglers, gatherers and wildlife watchers as part of the network which preserve the natural spaces around the river Seine estuary. The conceptual framework is based on North American sociology of leisure. These activities are considered according to the Serious Leisure Perspective. Through a methodology that combines ethnography, interviews and survey, these activities are described as support for volunteering.The analysis links the practice of predation with ecological convictions. Leisure is also used as a communication medium and help creating a consistent network to preserve nature.

INTRODUKTION: Människor har länge varit intresserade av naturen och dess påverkan på mänskligheten. Ur ett historiskt perspektiv har naturen och omgivningens relevans spelat en viktig roll inom sjukvårdsyrket. Genom Florence Nightingales synsätt och metodiska arbete fastställdes sambandet mellan vårdmiljön och patienternas hälsa. Samtida forskning och den teoretiska referensramen Attention Restoration Theory (ART) visar både på fysiologiska och psykologiska fördelar när människor vistas i naturområden i jämförelse med stadsmiljöer. Med denna bakgrund är det ytterst viktigt för sjuksköterskor och andra hälsovårdspersonal att vara medvetna om utevistelsens betydelse för personer som bor på vård- och omsorgsboenden. SYFTE: Syftet var att beskriva betydelsen av utevistelse för personer som bor på vård- och omsorgsboenden. METOD: Studiens design är en beskrivande litteraturöversikt vars resultat baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. RESULTAT: I allmänhet förknippades utevistelse med positiva fördelar enligt de boende. De värderade utevistelse högt och att vistas utomhus genererade känslor av glädje, harmoni, frihet och välbefinnande. När de inte hade möjlighet till utevistelse kunde de uppleva känslor av besvikelse och minskat välbefinnande. De främsta motiveringarna till utevistelse var att få frisk luft, solljus, njuta av grönskan och uppleva samhörighet med andra människor. De boendes orientering till tid och rum blev bättre när de kunde se förändringar i naturens olika årstider under hela året. Resultatet visar att en strukturerad och väl genomtänkt trädgård med riklig grönska förbättrade de boendes humör samt stärkte deras känsla av frihet, oavsett begränsningar i den fysiska förmågan. Trädgårdarna var inte alltid utformade och anpassade till de boendes behov. För många hinder till utevistelse kunde leda till att de boende valde att stanna inomhus, trots att de egentligen ville och behövde besöka trädgården. SLUTSATS: Om sjuksköterskor och annan hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal inkluderade en tillfredsställande utomhusmiljö och regelbundna utevistelser i omvårdnadsperspektivet, bidrog det med förbättrad livskvalitet och återhämtning samt stärkte de boendes känsla av harmoni. Det fanns dock ett behov av mer frekventa utevistelser och mer fri tillgänglighet till trädgården för de boende. Författarna vill därmed bidra med inspiration till vidare forskning att utöka evidensen om vilken betydelse utevistelse har för personer som bor på vård- och omsorgsboenden. / INTRODUCTION: Humans have long been interested in nature and its impact on humanity. From a historical perspective, the nature and the relevance of the environment has played an important role within the healthcare profession. Through Florence Nightingales approach and methodological work, the link between the nursing environment and the patients’ health was established. Contemporary research and the Attention Restoration Theory (ART) shows both physiological and psychological benefits when humans integrate with natural areas compared to urban environments. With this background, it is utmost important for nurses and other healthcare professionals to be conscious of the value of nature and its meaning for people who live in residential facilities. AIM: The aim of this literature study was to describe the value of outdoors visits and its meaning/importance for people who live in residential facilities. METHOD: The design of this study is a descriptive literature review and includes 12 scientific articles in the results. RESULTS: In general, the value of outdoor visits was associated with positive benefits. The residents valued outdoor visits highly and that outdoor stays generated feelings of joy, harmony, freedom and wellbeing. In contrast, when they did not have the opportunity to visit the garden, they experienced feelings of disappointment and reduced wellbeing. The main reasons for outdoor visits were to get fresh air, sunlight, enjoy the vegetation and experience togetherness. The orientation to time and space became better when the residents could see changes in nature's different seasons throughout the year. It was shown that a structured and well thought out garden with abundant vegetation improved the resident’s mood as well as strengthened their sense of freedom, regardless of any restrictions on their physical ability. Unfortunately, the gardens were not always designed and adapted to the needs of the residents. Too many barriers regarding outdoor visits could cause that the residents may choose to stay indoors although they wished to and needed to visit the garden. CONCLUSION: If nurses and other healthcare professionals includes a satisfying outdoor environment and outdoor visits on a regular basis in the perspective of caring, it contributes resident’s quality of life, recovery and stimulates their sense of harmony. However, there is a need for more frequently outdoor visits and more freely accessibility to the garden for the residents. Therefore, the authors of the present literature study hope to inspire future research to increase the evidence of natures impact on and value for people living in resident facilities.

This dissertation explores the relationship between man, animal and architecture within the theoretical discourse of the liminal. This exploration comes to pass within the context of humanity’s on-going captivation with animals and the manifestation of this in typological architecture as Zoological Gardens. The National Zoological Gardens of Pretoria situated in within the Central Business District forms the proposed context of this dissertation. Potential manners in which the relationship between man and animal manifest as spatial construct or architecture are investigated, within the context of the Zoological Gardens. The strict boundary conditions that exist within this context are consequently criticised. The existing concrete palisade fence epitomises these strict boundaries; between man and animal, city and Zoological garden and observer and observed. The intervention considers the liminal space which is created due to these boundaries, and the possibilities of this liminal space, or third space, as a habitable threshold. The threshold is programmed as an urban intervention that addresses the boundary condition by facilitating public open space, public amenities, Zoo interface and a Gratis Observatory Route. The dissertation challenges conventional architectural typologies and proposes an intervention, a “third nature” that occupies this liminal space. The new condition attempts to blur the rigid boundaries between the existing conditions of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ the Zoo. The intervention takes on the program of functioning as a public dwelling for man, in the form of public open space, while simultaneously offering an urban habitat for animals. The proposed intervention manifests as a typological architecture that creates thresholds over which to renegotiate the relation between man and his understanding of “Nature”. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted