Submitted by Guilherme Eiras (guilherme.eiras@gmail.com) on 2018-01-18T16:12:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 estratégia-eiras-V3.pdf: 905748 bytes, checksum: 9835676522f5a042ecc6f993ee42334c (MD5) / Rejected by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br), reason: Guilherme, Serão necessários alguns ajustes no trabalho: 1. O nome Getulio é sem acento. 2. O título deve estar todo em caixa alta. 3. Em "SÃO PAULO - SP", tirar o SP, deixar somente SÃO PAULO. 4. As palavras-chave do resumo/abstract devem estar separadas por ponto e vírgula. Att, Mayara 3799/3438 on 2018-01-18T16:53:11Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Eiras (guilherme.eiras@gmail.com) on 2018-01-18T17:03:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 estratégia-eiras-V3.pdf: 905902 bytes, checksum: df4b06ee62c4a3a1bee83577f07c2d20 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-18T17:06:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 estratégia-eiras-V3.pdf: 905902 bytes, checksum: df4b06ee62c4a3a1bee83577f07c2d20 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-18T17:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 estratégia-eiras-V3.pdf: 905902 bytes, checksum: df4b06ee62c4a3a1bee83577f07c2d20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-14 / Startups são fundamentais para a geração de valor na economia e o surgimento de empresas desse perfil tem aumentado a cada ano. No entanto, das poucas empresas que conseguem passar da fase inicial (o chamado vale da morte das startups) para a fase de expansão, poucas atingem o nível de crescimento potencial esperado e se perpetuar no mercado, devido principalmente a estratégias mal definidas e mal executadas. O objetivo principal desse estudo foi analisar o processo de surgimento e crescimento de novos negócios inovadores de alto crescimento, e estudá-los a partir de três casos no agronegócio, bem como o diferencial que estes apresentam. Para isso, foram abordados: (1) base teórica sobre o assunto, na qual são destacadas as principais estratégias de crescimento de empresas, destacando as que dão suporte para o crescimento acelerado de novos negócios, analisando pontos positivos e negativos de cada estratégia e (2) análise prática de um modelo de casos múltiplos, três startups da cadeia do agronegócio, sendo duas de abrangência nacional e outra internacional participaram do estudo e foram analisadas, e os resultados são discutidos e confrontados com a literatura. Ainda, o conhecimento a partir das lições aprendidas foi abordado e espera-se contribuir e auxiliar as novas startups a definir suas estratégias de crescimento para gerir os recursos da maneira correta, executá-las da melhor maneira garantir a sobrevida dessas empresas, aumentando ainda mais o valor gerado por essas empresas. / Startups are fundamental to generate value in the economy and the rise of such companies has increased each year. However, the few businesses that pass the initial phase (the so-called startup Death Valley), only a few reach the desired potential exponential growth and are able to perpetuate in the market, mainly because of poorly defined and executed strategies. The main objective of the study was to analyze the emergence and growth of new high growth innovative businesses, from three cases from the agribusiness industry, as well as the differentials they present. To this end, the following were addressed: (1) theoretical base on the subject, in which they are highlighted as main growth strategies of companies, standing out as the support for the accelerated growth of new business, analyzing the positives and negatives of each strategy and (2) practical analysis of a multi-case model, three startups of the agribusiness chain, two of which are national (in Brazil) and one internationally involved in the study and analysis, and the results are discussed and compared with the literature The knowledge generated from lessons learned is aimed to help new startups to define their growth strategies to manage the resources correctly, execute their strategies to guarantee their perpetuation in the market and increase the value generated from these companies.

This master thesis is written as a part of The Media Technology program at Linköping University in collaboration with the streaming music company Spotify. The thesis investigates how a software company in the modern age effectively and organically can stay innovative through times. The thesis maps out strategies, models and methods currently known, analyses Spotify’s innovative efforts over the past year and suggests a framework tailored to the needs of the company.

Although researchers during the last 5 years have been doing a lot of study onemerging market innovations, and of which Frugal Innovation had its special place. They haveparticularly concentrated on this innovation type on how it re-emerged in the emergingcountries especially India and China and gave it new theoretical definition and a framework.Although this frugal innovation usage is constrained only to the firms located in those emergingmarkets and this innovation has not seen much application in the western smaller firms. In thisresearch our main idea is to develop a theoretical model on frugal innovation for the westernsmaller firms, where currently not much emphasis is given by the previous researchers in thiscontext. To achieve this we have been involved in an action research with a company lookingto enter an emerging market by using frugal innovation strategy for their product development.The output of this research is a theoretical framework model which is sequential and includesall the stages that a firm has to follow as part of a frugal innovation strategy having not muchknowledge of the emerging markets or its customers and who had to rely on external partnersin developing countries to successfully develop frugal innovations. We have also identifiedchallenges firms face in this context and listed out alternatives at each level of the strategy,finally concluded by listing out the future scope of research on frugal innovation in thisparticular area.

This thesis investigates roadmapping in the context of its application to strategic early-stage innovation planning. It is concerned with providing an understanding of how uncertainty and risk are manifested in roadmapping in this application, and with developing and testing a roadmapping process that supports appropriate treatment of uncertainty and risk. Roadmapping is an approach to early-stage innovation planning, which is strategic in nature. It is seeing increasing application in practice and receiving growing attention in management literature. There has, however, been a noticeable lack of attention to uncertainty and risk in roadmapping theory and practice (and generally in strategic planning and at innovation’s early-stages). This is despite the awareness that uncertainty and risk are fundamental to strategy and innovation (i.e. application domains of roadmapping), and that roadmapping is meant to deliver, as part of its benefits, the identification, resolution and communication of uncertainties and risks. There is very limited theoretical or practical direction on what this entails. It is this gap that the research reported in thesis addresses. The research is divided into two phases. The first phase explains the manifestations and mechanisms of uncertainty and risk in roadmapping. It also introduces ‘risk-aware roadmapping’, a concept of roadmapping that includes a conscious and explicit effort to address uncertainty and risk, and points out what the process would entail in terms of necessary steps and procedures. The research here is designed using mixed methods (a combination of experience surveys, archival analysis, and case studies). The second phase provides a practical risk-aware roadmapping process. This practical process is developed based on the results of the first phase, and is designed according to procedural action research. This thesis contributes to the fields of roadmapping, early-stage innovation and organisational sensemaking. It is found that factors related to the content, process and nature of roadmapping interact to influence the perception and treatment of uncertainty and risk. Characteristics of organisational sensemaking as theorised by Weick (1995) are explored in the light of the findings and challenged. Aspects of early-stage innovation including the generation and selection of innovation ideas are explored in the context of uncertainty and risk and important paradoxes and constraints at innovation’s early-stages.

Partant de choses assez générales ce travail de recherche avance pas à pas pour aboutir à une étude de cas : le secteur des technologies de l’information lituanien. Dans un premier temps, les principaux termes liés à la combinaison des stratégies d’innovation et des ressources humaines sont définis ; suivit de la classification des innovations ainsi que des fondements de la combinaison de deux stratégies (innovation et ressources humaines); enfin une vue d’ensemble est dressée des transformations opérées par les Pays d’Europe Centrale et Orientale (PECO) lors du passage du système soviétique au système européen d’innovation. La recherche se poursuit en comparant le système national d’innovation lituanien à celui de l’Italie prenant en compte des facteurs tels que le rôle des intermédiaires ; suit l’observation du marché mondial et lituanien des technologies de l’information et alors seulement nôtre étude sur la combinaison des stratégies en termes d’innovation et des ressources humaines dans le secteur des technologies de l’information lituanien (de 2004 à 2007) fournit des résultats s’appuyant aussi bien sur l’expérience d’autres pays que sur les données issues des réponses de PDG lituaniens oeuvrant dans les technologies de l’information. Notre travail aboutit à des recommandations au gouvernement lituanien ainsi qu’aux intermédiaires et aussi bien aux managers qu’aux salariés des entreprises lituaniennes. / Given an increasing competition in knowledge intensive economic sectors, a perfectly aligned and executed Innovation strategy appears crucial to reduce the cost and time necessary for creation as well as introduction of a new product or service. More than that, the chosen Innovation strategy should be aligned with the company’s business model, technological base and the Human Resource strategy. Thus, the structure of this research work is built on the flow ‘From general to case’ basis where at first, there are the classification of innovations and foundations of combination of the two strategies presented, and only then our survey on combination of the Innovation and Human Resource strategies in Lithuanian IT sector 2008 (covering a three-year period from 2004 to 2007) delivers results by applying both the experience of other countries and the data enclosing the answers from CEOs of Lithuanian IT companies. The survey is conducted to create a systemic approach and multifactor understanding of combination between the Innovation and Human Resource strategies in Lithuanian IT sector. Such a structure serves as a solid background for Policy implications: we deliver recommendations for Lithuanian Government, intermediaries, enterprises and both firms’ managers and its employees. We believe that Lithuanian IT companies are on the right track to catch up more developed countries in innovation; however, there should be many changes done, and we expect a fast transformation process in the upcoming years.

This thesis explores the topic of Corporate Entrepreneurship in large organizations with regards to how innovations are transferred from an Innovation Department into a receiving Business Unit. It aims to understand this topic by identifying what challenges are common barriers to this transfer process. It also identifies the causes of these challenges. Finally, this thesis establishes what suitable approach can be adapted to address these challenges.   To answer these concerns, this research takes a deductive research approach by conducting a qualitative, empirical research through semi-structured interviews within a large Nordic telecommunication company. It also includes, benchmarking against two examples of companies that have developed solutions to overcome similar challenges. This qualitative methodology involves analyzing the interview and benchmarking results in comparison with literature, to confirm or disprove previous research.   From the findings, eight categories of common challenges are discovered which are rooted within the innovation strategy of incumbent companies. Based on this research, a framework is developed as an approach to address the challenges of transferring innovations from an Innovation Department into a receiving Business Unit. As contribution to this field of study, this thesis highlights how multiple academic theories such as Corporate Entrepreneurship, Innovation Management and Innovation Strategy can be synthesized to collectively address these challenges. This is done by proposing a solution that is adaptable for different incumbent organizations. The proposed framework uses a stage-gate process that progresses when certain criteria agreed between an Innovation Department and a receiving Business Unit, are fulfilled. This agreement is based on the extent to which the criteria for each stage-gate is achieved in order to transfer ownership of the innovation solution / Denna avhandling undersöker ämnet företags entreprenörskap i stora organisationer när det gäller hur innovationer överförs från en innovationsavdelning till en mottagande affärsenhet. Den syftar till att förstå detta ämne genom att identifiera vilka utmaningar som är gemensamma hinder för denna överföringsprocess samt orsakerna till dessa utmaningar. Slutligen fastställs lämpliga tillvägagångsättför att hantera dessa utmaningar.   För att svara på dessa utmaningar tillämpas en deduktiv forskningsmetod och en kvalitativ forskningsdesign baserat på semi-strukturerade intervjuer inom ett stort nordiskt telekommunikationsföretag. Den inkluderar också benchmarking med två företag som har utvecklat lösningar för att övervinna liknande utmaningar. Denna kvalitativa metod innebär analys av intervjuer samt benchmarking i jämförelse med litteraturen för att bekräfta eller motbevisa tidigare forskning.   I resultaten återfinns åtta kategorier av gemensamma utmaningar som är förankrade i innovationskulturen hos befintliga företag. Baserat på resultaten utvecklades ett ramverk för att hantera utmaningarna kring att överföra innovationer från en innovationsavdelning till en mottagande affärsenhet. Som ett bidrag till detta ämnesområde framhävs i denna avhandling hur flera akademiska teorier som corporate entreprenörskap (or intraprenörskap- look it up), innovationsledning och innovationsstrategi kan syntetiseras för att gemensamt hantera dessa utmaningar . Detta görs genom att föreslå en lösning som är anpassningsbar för olika etablerade organisationer. Den föreslagna ramen använder en steg-grind-modellen (look it up) som fortskrider när vissa kriterier som överenskommits mellan en innovationsavdelning och en mottagande affärsenhet är uppfyllda. Processen är baserad på i vilken utsträckning kriterierna för varje steg är uppnådda för att överföra äganderätten till innovationslösningen.

This thesis presents an exploratory study into the development of digital societies and it examines public sector modernization and innovation from a technology management perspective. The study presents reasons why most city-wide or council-wide development of wireless broadband access networks currently end in failure or are unsustainable. It also suggests its links with wider problems of innovation management and the commercial failure of otherwise technically competent solutions It explores the modernisation of society, government, the underlying theories that influence it as well as the innovations triggered by its wake. The exercise reveals a myriad of innovations; firstly in the modernisation of the infrastructure of government and secondly in the development of societal infrastructure in the form of broadband networks.

摘要 本研究之目的在透過實政研究方法回答兩個關於破壞式創新研究問題，首先，產業延續性創新速度與企業破壞式創新程度之關係為何？其次企業的破壞式創新程度對其績效影響為何？本研究透過文獻探討，設計問卷並以台灣資訊電子產業公開發行之企業進行問卷調查蒐集初級資料。經由統計分析，本研究得出兩重大發現，首先，產業延續性創新速度與企業破壞式創新程度為負相關，而企業對新產品開發專案之決策資訊充足要求程度會弱化此關係。其次，企業規模與財務績效有正相關，而企業破壞式創新程度會強化此關係。 / The aim of this research is to answer two research questions about disruptive innovation with empirical methodology. First, what is the relation between industrial sustaining innovation rate and a company's disruptiveness. Second, does a company’s disruptiveness impact firm financial performance? By collecting primary data, this research developed the questionnaire based on literature review and collected data from the publicly-listed companies in the Taiwan IT industry. With statistic analysis, this research has two significant findings. First, industrial sustaining innovation rate has a negative impact on an incumbent company’s disruptiveness and the accuracy of company investment decision on NPD project will weaken this relation. Second, firm size has a positive impact on firm financial performance and a company's disruptiveness will strengthen this relationship.

This dissertation consists of two empirical essays. The first chapter titled: “Hedge Fund Activism and Dual Ownership of U.S. Multinationals”. Harford, Wang & Zhang (2017) conclude that holding high cash balances abroad to avoid US taxes causes internal capital markets and investments distortions. We posit that hedge funds target MNCs with more severe internal capital and agency problems. We demonstrate that upon acquiring dual ownership in these firms, hedge funds reduce internal capital problems and improve investment, especially innovation, efficiencies. To further reduce agency costs of foreign cash holdings, hedge funds engage dual firms in focused acquisitions. These improvements are reflected in superior performances of dual firms relative to non-dual firms. Chapter 2 titled as “Innovation Strategies & IPO Underpricing”. In this chapter, we investigate how a firms’ choice of pre-IPO innovation strategies affect IPO pricing. We differentiate the orientation of the issuing firm’s innovation portfolio in terms of exploitative orientation versus explorative orientation based on citations of patents across technology classes. We introduce a measure of innovation power to generate breakthrough innovations. We show that the issuing firms with greater innovation power, especially firms with exploratory orientation of a patent, significantly decrease underpricing and have the power to bargain a higher offer price. Our results suggest that a higher exploration strategy requires more time to negotiate a higher offer price while more valuable innovation requires less time to bargain at the higher offer price.

In the United States, 41% of small retail businesses fail to succeed for longer than 5 years. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies small retail business owners used to remain sustainable for more than 5 years. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was Schumpeter's innovation theory. The sample size of this research included 4 successful retail business owners located in the southeastern region of the United States who have successfully started and managed their business activities for more than 5 years. Data were collected using semistructured face-to-face interviews with successful owners of small retail businesses and reviews of the organizations' internal documents. Data were coded, categorized, and labeled using coding techniques, and then validated using member checking. Data analysis processes included a thematic analysis method to identify emerging themes. The results of data analysis revealed 3 significant themes: passion and determination for doing business, market development and customer satisfaction, and business model innovation. The results indicated that the use of innovation theory enabled small retail business owners to develop innovative strategies to sustain the business for more than 5 years. The results also showed that innovation increases sales and profits for the longer term. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to create new jobs, enhance tax revenues and growth for governments, and improve social environments from revenue generated by employment.