Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Banny Silva Barbosa.pdf: 3257736 bytes, checksum: aa77c1eca753a92a01d30a721f2da598 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Seeing the importance of fish for amazonian people, it potential in the market, it nutritive value, and information shortages relative to the lipid composition of amazonian fish, it was aimed to determinate the lipid composition attendant in dorsal muscle of six amazonia fish species, jaraqui, curimatã, pacu, sardinha, pescada and surubim, through fatty acids analyses constituent of their diferent classes of lipids and attendant steroids in their unsaponifiable lipids. This study involved the development and methodology application for extraction of total lipids, separation of lipid class, extraction of unsaponifiable lipids, derivatization of fatty acids and steroids, analyses of gas chromotagraphy with detector of flames ionization and with mass spectrometry for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of steroids and fatty acids of lipids in class. And also approached the determination of lipids nutritional quality through atherogenicity, thrombogenicity index and quantity of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids. The results indicated the fish in study have interesting lipids, having bigger quantity of total lipids the fishes curimatã and pacu, with bigger participation of neutral lipids, and cholesterol as majority steroid for all fishes. The unsaturated fatty acids, essentials for human health, it was found in bigger quantity in fishes sardinha and pacu in phospholipids class and in pescada (whitefish), curimatã, jaraqui and surubim in neutral lipids class. Besides pacu fish has shown bigger quantity of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, the fish pescada (whitefish) highlighted for nutritional quality. / Considerando a importância do pescado para o povo amazônico, o seu potencial no mercado, a sua valorização nutritiva, e à escassez de informações referentes à composição lipídica dos peixes amazônicos objetivou-se determinar a composição lipídica presente no músculo dorsal de seis espécies de peixes amazônicos, jaraqui, curimatã, pacu, sardinha, pescada e surubim, através das análises dos ácidos graxos constituintes de suas diferentes classes de lipídeos e dos esteróides presentes em seus lipídeos insaponificáveis. O estudo envolveu o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de metodologias para extração dos lipídeos totais, separação de classes de lipídeos, extração de lipídeos insaponificáveis, derivatização de ácidos graxos e esteróides, análises por cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chamas e com espectrometria de massas para avaliação quanti e qualitativa de esteróides e de ácidos graxos dos lipídeos em classes. E ainda abordou a determinação da qualidade nutricional dos lipídeos através dos índices de aterogenecidade, de trombogenecidade e pela quantidade de ácidos graxos hipocolesterolêmicos. Os resultados indicaram que os peixes em estudo contêm lipídeos interessantes, possuindo maior quantidade de lipídeos totais os peixes curimatã e pacu, com maior participação dos lipídeos neutros, e colesterol como esteróide marjoritário para todos os peixes. Os ácidos graxos insaturados, essenciais para a saúde humana, foi encontrado em maior quantidade nos peixes sardinha e pacu na classe dos fosfolipídeos e nos peixes peixes curimatã, pescada, jaraqui e surubim na classe dos lipídeos neutros. Apesar de o peixe pacu ter mostrado maior quantidade de ácidos graxos de ômega 3 e 6 o peixe pescada se destacou pela qualidade nutricional.

abstract: Individuals fluent in sign language who have at least one deaf parent are considered native signers while those with non-signing, hearing parents are non-native signers. Musculoskeletal pain from repetitive motion is more common from non-natives than natives. The goal of this study was twofold: 1) to examine differences in upper extremity (UE) biomechanical measures between natives and non-natives and 2) upon creating a composite measure of injury-risk unique to signers, to compare differences in scores between natives and non-natives. Non-natives were hypothesized to have less favorable biomechanical measures and composite injury-risk scores compared to natives. Dynamometry was used for measurement of strength, electromyography for ‘micro’ rest breaks and muscle tension, optical motion capture for ballistic signing, non-neutral joint angle and work envelope, a numeric pain rating scale for pain, and the modified Strain Index (SI) as a composite measure of injury-risk. There were no differences in UE strength (all p≥0.22). Natives had more rest (natives 76.38%; non-natives 26.86%; p=0.002) and less muscle tension (natives 11.53%; non-natives 48.60%; p=0.008) for non-dominant upper trapezius across the first minute of the trial. For ballistic signing, no differences were found in resultant linear segment acceleration when producing the sign for ‘again’ (natives 27.59m/s2; non-natives 21.91m/s2; p=0.20). For non-neutral joint angle, natives had more wrist flexion-extension motion when producing the sign for ‘principal’ (natives 54.93°; non-natives 46.23°; p=0.04). Work envelope demonstrated the greatest significance when determining injury-risk. Natives had a marginally greater work envelope along the z-axis (inferior-superior) across the first minute of the trial (natives 35.80cm; non-natives 30.84cm; p=0.051). Natives (30%) presented with a lower pain prevalence than non-natives (40%); however, there was no significant difference in the modified SI scores (natives 4.70 points; non-natives 3.06 points; p=0.144) and no association between presence of pain with the modified SI score (r=0.087; p=0.680). This work offers a comprehensive analysis of all the previously identified UE biomechanics unique to signers and helped to inform a composite measure of injury-risk. Use of the modified SI demonstrates promise, although its lack of association with pain does confirm that injury-risk encompasses other variables in addition to a signer’s biomechanics. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Exercise and Nutritional Sciences 2018

Compostos farmacêuticos são identificados em matrizes ambientais em ordens de grandeza de ng.L-1 a μg.L-1. Dentre os fármacos, os antibióticos têm recebido atenção especial devido aos problemas que podem causar à biota aquática. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade de Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio isolados e em associação para mexilhões Perna perna utilizando o ensaio do tempo de retenção do corante vermelho neutro, que avalia a estabilidade da membrana lisossômica de hemócitos dos organismos teste. A Amoxicilina causou citotoxicidade aos mexilhões nas concentrações de: CEO: 1 ng.L-1, CI25-24h: 0,44 ng.L-1, CI25-48h: 1,19 ng.L-1 e CI25-72h: 0,85 ng.L-1, o Clavulanato de Potássio foi citotóxico nas concentrações de: 10 ng.L-1 em 24h e 50 ng.L-1 e 100 ng.L-1 em 48h e 72h. Os valores de concentração inibitória foram de CI25-24h: 3,11 ng.L-1, CI25-48h: 3,45 ng.L-1 e CI25-72h: 3,43 ng.L-1. No ensaio realizado com a associação dos fármacos todas as concentrações foram citotóxicas aos mexilhões em 48h e em 72h apenas 40 ng.L-1 de Amoxicilina + 10 ng.L-1 de Clavulanato de Potássio e 200 ng.L-1 de Amoxicilina + 50 ng.L-1 de Clavulanato de Potássio. As concentrações inibitórias foram: CI25-48h: 1,67 ng.L-1 e CI25-72h: 1,36 ng.L-1 a partir dos dados de Amoxicilina e CI25-48h: 0,42 ng.L-1 e CI25-72h: 0,34 ng.L-1 a partir dos dados de Clavulanato de Potássio. / Pharmaceutical compounds are identified in environmental matrices in orders of magnitude from ng.L-1 to μg.L-1. Among the drugs, antibiotics have received special attention due to the problems that can cause to aquatic biota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Amoxicillin and Potassium Clavulanate in isolated and associated forms to marine mussels Perna perna through the neutral red retention time assay which assesses the stability of hemocytes lisossomal membrane of test organisms. Amoxicillin caused cytotoxicity to the mussels in concentrations of: OEC: 1 ng.L-1, IC25-24h: 0.44 ng.L-1, IC25- 48h: 1.19 ng.L-1 and IC25-72h: 0.85 ng.L-1, Potassium Clavulanate was cytotoxic at concentrations of 10 ng.L-1 in 24h; 50 ng.L-1 and 100 ng.L-1 at 48h and 72h. The inhibitory concentration values were IC25-24h: 3.11 ng.L-1, IC25-48h: 3.45 ng.L-1 and IC25-72h: 3.43 ng.L- 1. The test conducted with the combination of drugs all concentrations were cytotoxic to mussels in 48h and 72h only 40 ng.L-1 Amoxicillin + 10 ng.L-1 and Potassium Clavulanate 200 ng.L-1 Amoxicillin + 50 ng.L-1 Potassium Clavulanate. The inhibitory concentrations were IC25-48h: 1.67ng.L-1 and IC25-72h: 1.36 ng.L-1 from the data of Amoxicillin and IC25- 48h: 0.42 ng.L-1 and IC25-72h: 0.34 ng.L-1 from the Potassium Clavulanate data.

Quatro bubalinos e quatro bovinos adultos com fístulas ruminais foram utilizados com o objetivo de se estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fibra em detergente neutro na dieta sobre as características de fermentação e digestão ruminal. Foram avaliadas os seguintes parâmetros: degradabilidades da matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro do feno de Coast-cross e do farelo de trigo; matéria seca e, proteína bruta do milho em grãos moídos e do farelo de soja; digestibilidade com marcador (Cr2O3); concentração de amônia, produção de ácidos graxos voláteis (acético, propiônico e butírico) e pH do líquido ruminal. Os animais foram delineados em dois Quadrados Latinos (4x4) com arranjo fatorial 4x2 sendo quatro níveis crescentes de FDN na MS (54, 60, 66 e 72%) e duas espécies (bubalinos e bovinos). Cada subperíodo compreendeu 29 dias, sendo 13 de adaptação. Observou-se um efeito significativo (P<0,01) da espécie sobre o pH ruminal, onde os bubalinos apresentaram valor médio (6,78) mais elevado que os bovinos (6,58). Houve efeito da interação tempo x espécie, na concentração de amônia do líquido ruminal somente após 2 horas da alimentação da manhã, onde os bubalinos obtiveram média de 31,76 mg% e os bovinos de 27,74 mg%. Os bubalinos mostraram valores de concentração média de ácidos graxos voláteis, ácido acético e ácido butírico (69,94 mM, 51,31 mM e 6,12 mM) menor (P<0,05) que a dos bovinos (77,96 mM, 56,72 mM e 8,01 mM). Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) na concentração de ácido propiônico e na relação acético:propiônico, não sofrendo influência de nenhum dos parâmetros principais analisados. Os bubalinos apresentaram maior desaparecimento ruminal da MS e FDN do feno de Coast-cross e da MS e PB do farelo de soja do que os bovinos, na maioria dos tempos de incubação. O desaparecimento ruminal da PB do feno de Coast-cross foi maior para os bubalinos somente nas últimas horas de incubação. Por outro lado, o desaparecimento ruminal da FDN do farelo de trigo foi mais elevado para os bovinos, somente nas primeiras horas. Para o coeficiente de digestibilidade da MS, houve interação de espécies com níveis de FDN. O coeficiente de digestibilidade da FDN foi influenciada pelos níveis de FDN e para o coeficiente de digestibilidade da PB, não foram notados efeitos de espécies ou níveis de FDN. / Four buffaloes and four cattle rumen fistulated, were used to study the effects of different levels of neutral detergent fiber in the diet on the rumen fermentation and digestion. In situ degradability assay was make of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the Coast-Cross hay (Cynodon dactylon) and the concentrate mixture; digestibility with marker (Cr2O3); ammonia concentration, production of volatile fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric) and pH in the ruminal liquid. The animals were designed in two Latin Square experiment (4x4). Treatments were applied in factorial 4 x 2 with four rations with increasing levels of NDF (54, 60, 66 and 72%) and two animal species (buffaloes and cattle). Twenty-nine days subperiods were used, the first thirteen for diet's adaptation. A significant effect was observed (P<0,01) in the species on the ruminal pH, with average of 6.78 in buffaloes and of 6.58 in cattle. There was effect of the interaction time x species, in the rumen ammonia concentration only at 2 hours after feeding with buffaloes having mean of 31.76 mg% and cattle 27.74 mg%. Buffaloes had lower (P<0,05) concentration of volatile fatty acids, acid acetic and acid butyric (69.94 mM, 51.31 mM and 6.12 mM) than cattle (77.96 mM, 56.72 mM and 8.01 mM). There was no significant difference (P>0,05) acid propionic concentration and acetic:propionic relation. The buffaloes showed higher ruminal disappearance of DM and NDF of the Coast-cross hay and DM and CP of the soybean meal than the cattle, in most of the times of incubation. The ruminal disappearance of CP of Coast-cross hay went higher for the buffaloes only in the last hours of incubation. On the other hand, the ruminal disappearance of NDF of wheat bran went higher for the cattle only in the first hours. There was interaction of species with levels of NDF for digestibility coefficient of the DM. The digestibility coefficient of NDF was only influenced by the levels of NDF. The digestibility coefficient of CP wasn't noticed effects of species or levels of NDF.

Due to the successful application in internet related fields, Extensible Markup Language (XML) and its related technologies are being explored as a revolutionary software file format technology used to provide increased interoperability in the discrete-event simulation (DES) arena. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed an XML-based information model (XSD) called the Shop Data Model (SDM), which is used to describe the contents of a neutral file format (NFF) that is being promoted as a means to make manufacturing simulation technology more accessible to a larger group of potential customers. Using a two step process, this thesis evaluates the NIST SDM information model in terms of its ability to encapsulate the informational requirements of one vendor's simulation model information conceptually and syntactically in order to determine its ability to serve as an NFF for the DES industry. ProModel Corporation, a leading software vendor in the DES industry since 1988, serves as the test case for this evaluation. The first step in this evaluation is to map the contents of ProModel's information model over to an XML schema file (XSD). Next, the contents of this new XSD file are categorized and compared to the SDM information model in order to evaluate compatibility. After performing this comparison, observations are made in relation to the challenges that simulation vendors might encounter when implementing the proposed NIST SDM. Two groups of limitations are encountered which cause the NIST SDM to support less than a third of the ProModel XSD elements. These two groups of limitations are: paradigm differences between the two information models and limitations posed due to the incomplete status of the NIST SDM specification. Despite these limitations, this thesis shows by comparison that XML technology does not pose any limitation which would invalidate its ability to syntactically represent a common information model or associated XML NFF. While only 28% of the ProModel element are currently supported by the SDM, appropriate changes to the SDM would allow the information model to serve as a foundation upon which a common information model and neutral file format for the DES industry could be built using XML technologies.

Deep foundations such as driven piles are often used to bypass liquefiable layers of soil and bear on more competent strata. When liquefaction occurs, the skin friction around the deep foundation goes to zero in the liquefiable layer. As the pore pressures dissipate, the soil settles. As the soil settles, negative skin friction develops owing to the downward movement of the soil surrounding the pile. To investigate the magnitude of the skin friction along the shaft three driven piles, an H-pile, a closed end pipe pile, and a concrete square pile, were instrumented and used to measure soil induced load at a site near Turrell, Arkansas following blast-induced liquefaction. Measurements were made of the load in the pile, the settlement of the ground and the settlement of piles in each case. Estimates of side friction and end-bearing resistance were obtained from Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) measurements during driving and embedded O-cell type testing. The H-pile was driven to a depth of 94 feet, the pipe pile 74 feet, and the concrete square pile 72 feet below the ground surface to investigate the influence of pile depth in response to liquefaction. All three piles penetrated the liquefied layer and tipped out in denser sand. The soil surrounding the piles settled 2.5 inches for the H-pile, 2.8 inches for the pipe pile and 3.3 inches for the concrete square pile. The piles themselves settled 0.28 inches for the H-pile, 0.32 inches for the pipe pile, and 0.28 inches for the concrete square pile. During reconsolidation, the skin friction of the liquefied layer was 43% for the H-pile, 41% for the pipe pile, and 49% for the concrete square pile. Due to the magnitude of load felt in the piles from these tests the assumption of 50% skin friction developing in the liquefied zone is reasonable. Reduced side friction in the liquefied zone led to full mobilization of skin friction in the non-liquefied soil, and partial mobilization of end bearing capacity. The neutral plane, defined as the depth where the settlement of the soil equals the settlement of the pile, was outside of the liquefied zone in each scenario. The neutral plane method that uses mobilized end bearing measured during blasting to calculate settlement of the pile post liquefaction proved to be accurate for these three piles.

As a consequence of increased awareness and the current scholarly debate regarding women's differential predictors of recidivism, criminal justice agencies are working with researchers in the field to expand their knowledge in this area. In 2007, Portland State University researchers in collaboration with the Oregon Department of Corrections conducted an investigation of factors emerging in the pathways and gender responsive literature as predictive of women's recidivism in a randomly selected sample of female (n=150) and male (n=150) inmates. This study used information gathered from that investigation for two purposes: (1) to assess the prevalence rates of victimization experiences (childhood, adolescent and adulthood), substance abuse and mental health diagnosis across male and female ODOC inmates, and (2) to assess the predictive nature of victimization experiences, substance abuse and mental health diagnoses on recidivism across gender after a three year period. Findings suggest that females suffered from higher rates of victimization experiences throughout their lifetime than male ODOC inmates and higher rates of DSM-IV-TR mood and anxiety diagnosis. Similar rates were found across gender when assessing substance abuse and diagnosis of co-occurring disorders. When assessing the predictive impact of victimization, substance abuse and mental health diagnosis on recidivism this study found support for both gender neutral and gender responsive perspectives.

Supply and demand in the World oil market are balanced through responses to price movement with considerable complexity in the evolution of underlying supply-demand expectation process. In order to be able to understand the price balancing process, it is important to know the economic forces and the behavior of energy commodity spot price processes. The relationship between the different energy sources and its utility together with uncertainty also play a role in many important energy issues. The qualitative and quantitative behavior of energy commodities in which the trend in price of one commodity coincides with the trend in price of other commodities, have always raised the questions regarding their interactions. Moreover, if there is any interaction, then one would like to know the extent of influence on each other. In this work, we undertake the study to shed a light on the above highlighted processes and issues. The presented study systematically deals with the development of stochastic dynamic models and mathematical, statistical and computational analysis of energy commodity spot price and interaction processes. Below we list the main components of the research carried out in this dissertation. (1) Employing basic economic principles, interconnected deterministic and stochastic models of linear log-spot and expected log-spot price processes coupled with non-linear volatility process are initiated. (2) Closed form solutions of the models are analyzed. (3) Introducing a change of probability measure, a risk-neutral interconnected stochastic model is derived. (4) Furthermore, under the risk-neutral measure, expectation of the square of volatility is reduced to a continuous-time deterministic delay differential equation. (5) The by-product of this exhibits the hereditary effects on the mean-square volatility process. (6) Using a numerical scheme, a time-series model is developed and utilized to estimate the state and parameters of the dynamic model. In fact, the developed time-series model includes the extended GARCH model as special case. (7) Using the Henry Hub natural gas data set, the usefulness of the linear interconnected stochastic models is outlined. (8) Using natural and basic economic ideas, interconnected deterministic and stochastic models in (1) are extended to non-linear log-spot price, expected log-spot price and volatility processes. (9) The presented extended models are validated. (10) Closed form solution and risk-neutral models of (8) are outlined. (11) To exhibit the usefulness of the non-linear interconnected stochastic model, to increase the efficiency and to reduce the magnitude of error, it was essential to develop a modified version of extended Kalman filtering approach. The modified approach exhibits the reduction of magnitude of error. Furthermore, Henry Hub natural gas data set is used to show the advantages of the non-linear interconnected stochastic model. (12) Parameter and state estimation problems of continuous time non-linear stochastic dynamic process is motivated to initiate an alternative innovative approach. This led to introduce the concept of statistic processes, namely, local sample mean and sample variance. (13) Then it led to the development of an interconnected discrete-time dynamic system of local statistic processes and (14) its mathematical model. (15) This paved the way for developing an innovative approach referred as Local Lagged adapted Generalized Method of Moments (LLGMM). This approach exhibits the balance between model specification and model prescription of continuous time dynamic processes. (16) In addition, it motivated to initiate conceptual computational state and parameter estimation and simulation schemes that generates a mean square sub-optimal procedure. (17) The usefulness of this approach is illustrated by applying this technique to four energy commodity data sets, the U. S. Treasury Bill Yield Interest Rate and the U.S. Eurocurrency Exchange Rate data sets for state and parameter estimation problems. (18) Moreover, the forecasting and confidence-interval problems are also investigated. (19) The non-linear interconnected stochastic model (8) was further extended to multivariate interconnected energy commodities and sources with and without external random intervention processes. (20) Moreover, it was essential to extend the interconnected discrete-time dynamic system of local sample mean and variance processes to multivariate discrete-time dynamic system. (21) Extending the LLGMM approach in (15) to a multivariate interconnected stochastic dynamic model under intervention process, the parameters in the multivariate interconnected stochastic model are estimated. These estimated parameters help in analyzing the short term and long term relationship between the energy commodities. These developed results are applied to the Henry Hub natural gas, crude oil and coal data sets.

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<p>We investigate the clustering of HI-selected galaxies in the ALFALFA survey and compare results with those obtained for HIPASS. Measurements of the angular correlation function and the inferred 3D-clustering are compared with results from direct spatial-correlation measurements. We are able to measure clustering on smaller angular scales and for galaxies with lower HI masses than was previously possible. We calculate the expected clustering of dark matter using the redshift distributions of HIPASS and ALFALFA and show that the ALFALFA sample is somewhat more anti-biased with respect to dark matter than the HIPASS sample. We are able to conform the validity of the dark matter correlation predictions by performing simulations of the non-linear structure formation. Further we examine how the bias evolves with redshift for radio galaxies detected in the the first survey.</p>