Bei Erdschlüssen in Mittelspannungsnetzen mit Resonanz-Sternpunkterdung wird der einpolige Fehlerstrom, genannt Erdschluss-Reststrom, oft von den Oberschwingungsanteilen dominiert. Dadurch wird in manchen Netzen die betrieblich festgelegte Obergrenze für den Erdschluss-Reststrom, auf deren Grundlage die Erdungsanlagen ausgelegt wurden, überschritten. Für eine Bewertung hinsichtlich des Personenschutz muss geprüft werden, ob dies eine Überschreitung der zulässigen Berührungsspannung nach DIN EN 50522 zur Folge hat. Dazu wird die erdpotenzialanhebende Wirkung der Harmonischen im Erdschluss-Reststrom für repräsentative Anordnungen untersucht. Dies wird mittels eines Modells realisiert und durch Messergebnisse verifiziert. Hierbei werden jeweils Aussagen zur charakteristischen Stromverteilung im Erdungssystem, den wirksamen Erdungsimpedanzen sowie zur resultierenden Erdungsspannung getroffen. Wesentliche Einflussfaktoren werden benannt und eine vom Fehlerort abhängige Risikobewertung durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis kann eine Vielzahl potenzieller Fehlerorte als grundsätzlich unkritisch eingestuft und somit umfangreiche Untersuchungen sowie Fehlinvestitionen vermieden werden.

The challenge of interoperability is to retain model integrity when different software applications exchange and interpret model data. Transferring CAD data between heterogeneous CAD systems is a challenge because of differences in feature representation. A study by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) performed in 1999 made a conservative estimate that inadequate interoperability in the automotive industry costs them $1 billion per year. One critical part of eliminating the high costs due to poor interoperability is a neutral format between heterogeneous CAD systems. An effective neutral CAD format should include a current-state data store, be associative, include the union of CAD features across an arbitrary number of CAD systems, maintain design history, maintain referential integrity, and support multi-user collaboration. This research has focused on extending an existing synchronous collaborative CAD software tool to allow for a neutral, current-state data store. This has been accomplished by creating a Neutral Parametric Canonical Form (NPCF) which defines the neutral data structure for many basic CAD features to enable translation between heterogeneous CAD systems. The initial architecture developed begins to define a new standard for storing CAD features neutrally. The NPCF's for many features have been implemented in a multi-user interoperability program and work between NX and CATIA CAD systems. The 2D point, 2D line, 2D arc, 2D circle, 2D spline, 3D point, extrude, and revolve NPCF's will be specifically defined. Complex models have successfully been modeled and exchanged in real time and have validated the NPCF approach. Multiple users can be in the same part at the same time in different CAD systems and create and update models in real time.

One obstacle preventing more engineers from using finite element analysis (FEA) is the difficulty of transferring data between steps in the modeling process. A Fortran computer program, Rosetta.BYU, has been developed to open data paths between finite element preprocessors (mesh generators) and finite element analysis programs, using a custom data structure. It accepts neutral data files, Version 2.0 IGES data files, and Movie.BYU files for input/output. An application of Rosetta is described. A general workstation manager program, Davinci.BYU, is reviewed that provides a support layer between the engineer and the operating system, organizes software and data files, and facilitates on-line documentation and demonstrations. Requirements of a good user interface are discussed and supporting software, Squire.BYU, is described. An application of this software in an industrial setting is described.

Introduction – This study examines the environmental certification NollCO2, which manages and sets requirements for a building's carbon dioxide emissions during its life cycle. Emissions of carbon dioxide are one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. This affect opportunities to achieve national and global climate goal. By building according to the requirement of net zero carbon dioxide emissions, the climate impact from the construction sector can be reduced and greenhouse gas emissions in Sweden decrease. Method – The survey is a two-case study of the pilot projects Hyllie Terrass in Malmö and the Lidl store outside Visby, two of the first climate-neutral buildings with NollCO2 certification. The study has a qualitative approach, and the empirical data is collected with the help of semi-structured interviews and an in-depth literature search. Results / Analysis – The results of the study showed that the NollCO2 certification is about reducing carbon dioxide emissions with a focus on the climate issue. Each new NollCO2 project contributes to a reduced amount of carbon dioxide emissions. The certification differs from the other certifications by setting a CO2 budget in line with the climate goal. An obstacle that exists when implementing the NollCO2 certification is that the production cost increases. Meeting the CO2 budget set by Sweden Green Building Council is also a challenge. The certification is completely new in its kind, which created doubts about feasibility and untested methods. There is also a risk when the design work is to be handed over to the construction contract that decisive choices may be affected. Some property owners find that the certification process is lengthy and advanced, due to structural and technical barriers. There can also be problems with profitability for property owners where higher certification ratings outweigh the actual climate impact. There is also criticism that the certification is called zero, as carbon dioxide emissions in practice do not end up at net zero. Sweden is far ahead in the development towards carbon-neutral construction because of the environment and nature being deeply rooted in the culture and history that the country has. The Nordic region has a goal to be the world's most sustainable integrated region by 2030, which will accelerate development. Commitment to building more carbon dioxide-efficient indicates a widespread international interest in the industry for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Discussion – Based on the study, it is stated that the certification NollCO2 sets requirements for construction projects to build with less climate impact. The certification is the only existing tool to demonstrate a reduced climate impact. It is not possible to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions today, but the measures of the certification are efforts to achieve the environmental goals. By using and developing the NollCO2 certification, the conditions will be improved. To gain more commitment, more demands are needed from authorities and organizations. There are requirements when it comes to energy, but climate requirements are also needed. If Sweden continues to take the lead, the country will set a good example that can spread knowledge and tools for climate grazing in other countries. Keywords: NollCO2 certification, climate-neutral construction, environmental certification, carbon dioxide emissions, SGBC

<p>The ability of the Mu2e experiment to probe, or discover BSM physics in direct CLFV μ+ and π+ decay modes is estimated.</p>

Выпускная квалификационная работа магистра состоит из 7 глав и посвящена бесферментному электрокаталитическому определению глюкозы в щелочной и нейтральной среде с использованием различных модификаторов на основе наноматериалов, а именно карбоксилированных многостенных нанотрубок, наночастиц серебра и наночастиц палладия. В работе приведены аналитические характеристики использованных модификаторов и обоснования выбора наилучшего модификатора. Для обеспечения селективности анализа были получены полимеры с молекулярными отпечатками глюкозы. / Master’s graduation work consists of 7 chapters and is devoted to the non-enzymatic electrocatalytic determination of glucose in an alkaline and neutral medium using various modifiers based on nanomaterials, namely, carboxylated multi-walled nanotubes, silver nanoparticles, and palladium nanoparticles. The paper presents the analytical characteristics of the used modifiers and the rationale for choosing the best modifier.

Ce mémoire vise à estimer la densité neutre au risque (Risk neutral density (RND) en anglais) par une approche non paramétrique tout en tenant compte de l’endogénéité. Les prix transversaux des options européennes sont utilisés pour l’estimation. Le modèle principal considéré est la régression linéaire fonctionnelle. Nous montrons comment utiliser des variables instrumentales dans ce modèle pour corriger l’endogénéité. En outre, nous avons intégré des variables instrumentales dans le modèle approximant le RND par l’utilisation des fonctions d’Hermite à des fins de comparaison des résultats. Pour garantir un estimateur stable, nous utilisons la technique de régularisation de Tikhonov. Ensuite, nous effectuons des simulations de Monte-Carlo pour étudier l’impact des différents types de distribution RND sur les résultats obtenus. Plus précisément, nous analysons une distribution de mélange lognormale et une distribution de smile de Black-Scholes. Les résultats des simulations démontrent que l’estimateur utilisant des variables instrumentales pour corriger l’endogénéité est plus performant que l’alternative qui ne les utilise pas. En outre, les résultats de la distribution de smile de Black-Scholes sont plus performants que ceux de la distribution de mélange log-normale. Enfin, S&P 500 options sont utilisées pour une application de l’estimateur. / This thesis aims to estimate the risk-neutral density (RND) through a non-parametric approach while accounting for endogeneity. The cross-sectional prices of European options are used for the estimation. The primary model under consideration is functional linear regression. We have demonstrated the use of instrumental variables in this model to address endogeneity. Additionally, we have integrated instrumental variables into the model approximating RND through the use of Hermite functions for the purpose of result comparison. To ensure a stable estimator, we employ the Tikhonov regularization technique. Following this, we conduct Monte- Carlo simulations to investigate the impact of different RND distribution types on the obtained results. Specifically, we analyze a lognormal mixture distribution and a Black-Scholes smile distribution. The simulation results demonstrate that the estimator utilizing instrumental variables to adjust for endogeneity outperforms the non-adjusted alternative. Additionally, outcomes from the Black-Scholes smile distribution exhibit superior performance compared to those from the log-normal mixture distribution. Finally, S&P 500 options are used for an application of the estimator.

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