Esta tese investiga os papéis políticos assumidos pela produção e o uso de estatísticas sobre crimes e criminosos na história recente das instituições que compõem o chamado sistema de justiça criminal brasileiro (polícias Civil e Militar, Ministério Público, Poder Judiciário e Estabelecimentos Carcerários), em São Paulo. Por meio da análise de documentos e formulários de coleta de dados, defende-se que, mesmo após a redemocratização e as pressões para a estruturação de procedimentos de controle público das agências estatais de pacificação social, o segredo permanece como modus-operandi desse sistema, no qual dados são produzidos, mas não há coordenação entre produtores e usuários; entre oferta e demanda da informação. Dessa forma, não havendo consenso sobre os papéis das estatísticas criminais disponíveis, há um movimento simultâneo de crescimento dos estoques de dados gerados como subproduto da adoção de modernas ferramentas de informática, de um lado, e, paradoxalmente, há o reforço da opacidade e da “experiência” institucional das práticas burocráticas no desenho e operação de políticas públicas de pacifi cação social, de outro. O resultado alcançado reforça a manutenção dos mecanismos de reprodução de verdades profissionais e institucionais nos modelos vigentes de segurança pública e justiça criminal, garantindo a permanência e a governabilidade em relação às pressões democráticas por mudanças nos padrões de policiamento e no acesso à justiça. / This thesis investigates the political roles taken by the production and use of crime and criminal offenders statistics on the recent history of the institutions that compose the Brasilian criminal justice system (the police, prosecution, judiciary and prisons) in São Paulo. Through the analysis of documents and data collecting forms, the thesis defends that, despite the redemocratization and the (political) pressure in order to organize the public control procedures of the governmental agencies of social pacifi cation, the secret remains the modus operandi of this system, in which data is produced but there is no coordination between producers and users or supply and demand of information. Along with the lack of consensus on the roles of the available criminal statistics, there is, on the one hand, an increment of data stores resulting from the constant use of technological tools. On the other hand, the opaqueness and institucional “experience” of bureaucratic practices are reinforced in planing and managing public policies of social pacifi cation. The consequence is the maintenance of mechanisms that reproduce institutional and professional truths in the current models of public law enforcement and criminal justice and that guarantee the permanence and governmentability in relation to democratic pressure for changes in the patterns of policing and access to justice.

L’attrait récent des autorités françaises pour le développement de la médecine génétique a attiré notre attention. Si aujourd’hui elle tend à gagner une place centrale dans l’offre de santé française, notamment, par l’adoption du projet « France génomique 2025 », elle engendre des questions éthiques et juridiques complexes. L’intérêt pour la parentèle de connaître le risque génétique du patient afin de bénéficier d’une prise en charge précoce du risque héréditaire familial a soulevé de larges débats. Pour cause, la préservation de la santé de ces tiers à la relation médicale entre de manière inévitable en conflit avec le droit fondamental au secret médical des patients. La France a été un des premiers pays à tenter de répondre à ce problème en apparence insoluble. Par deux lois de bioéthiques de 2004 et 2011, le législateur a créé un régime visant à apporter un équilibre entre ces deux questions. Alors que les parlementaires vont bientôt se réunir afin de réviser une nouvelle fois les lois de bioéthique, nous souhaitons dresser un état des lieux de la conciliation actuelle entre les intérêts des patients et de leurs consanguins. L’objectif de cette analyse sera d’identifier les difficultés rencontrées par les parlementaires nationaux et de proposer des solutions afin de faire avancer le droit français dans sa quête de création d’un juste équilibre entre les droits des patients et des apparentés. Cette étude conjointe des droits français et étrangers nous conduira à proposer la création d’un nouvel outil d’équilibre au service de la santé publique : le dossier médical familial / The recent attraction of the French authorities for the development of the genetic medicine drew our attention. The establishment of the project "France genomic 2025” tends to place the genetic medicine in the center of the medical services. However, it engenders complex ethical and legal questions. The interest of the relatives to be informed in case of a serious risk for their health have raised wide debates. The protection of the health of these third parties in the patient—physician relationship enters in conflict with the patient’s right of confidentiality. French authorities were among the first to try to create a balance between those two interests. The objective of this analysis will be to identify the difficulties met by the parliament and to propose solutions to advance the French law in its research of creation of a just balance between the rights of the patients and the allies. This joint study of the French and foreign rights will lead us to propose the creation of a new tool of balance in the service of the public health

This thesis addresses the topic of German espionage in the United States between 1935 and 1945. It examines what the expectations were for Germany's spies in America, their activities, and the success or failure of their operations. In addition, the reaction of the American public to these spies is also studied, as well as the response to what was perceived as a threat to the United States from Nazi Germany.

Abstract The "Defective" Generation: Disability in Modernist Literature aims to provide an analysis of how Anglo-American authors in the early twentieth century conceived of, utilized, and portrayed disability in their fiction. Building on the existing scholarship in the field of Disability Studies, I argue that modernists revise the tradition of representation to make disabilities a generational trait rather than a sign of individual deviance. In novel after novel, multiple characters exhibit some form of illness or impairment, which appears as both cause and effect of the instabilities and traumas of modernity. Like many of their predecessors, then, these authors portray diverse health conditions as "defects" rather than natural variations in the human body, and most draw little distinction between the types of "disorders" they represent. This perspective, however, becomes particularly destructive in the era leading up to the Holocaust, when eugenical attitudes would lead to the murder or sterilization of over a million people with disabilities. Modernists also continue to exploit disability's potential for metaphor and sometimes evoke traditional stereotypes. Unlike traditional representations, however, these works do not resolve what the authors perceive as the "problem" of disability by curing or eliminating it; instead, they portray characters struggling to lead fulfilling lives despite feeling limited by their health. Working against the public's conception of disability as solely a medical condition, many of these authors further depict the social forces that turn a perceived "difference" into a "disability." The project is arranged into four chapters. In the first, "Idiots and Other Degenerates: Disability at the Dawn of Modernism," I use Joseph Conrad's novel The Secret Agent to illustrate how disability becomes characteristic of a generation, primarily through the influence of degeneration theory. Mocking the popular conception of a society divided into the "fit" and "unfit," Conrad creates a circle of characters who judge others to be degenerate while ignoring their own similar traits. From that beginning, I move in chapter 2, "Modernist Style: The Inward Turn and Portrayals of Mental Illness," to an analysis of the effects of stylistic experimentation on depictions of disability in both Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway and F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night. The authors' use of multiple points of view in these works leads to a representation of both an individual's experience of psychosis and the stigma that can accompany such illness, and, like Conrad, both writers elide the differences between the seemingly able-bodied characters and those they deem disabled. These authors also offer a contrast in perceptions. Whereas Woolf treats shell shock and emotional instability largely as the unavoidable effects of World War I, Fitzgerald links both schizophrenia and alcoholism to decadent behavior, thus aligning himself with the public's perception of illness as a matter of intent. Moving from style to theme, in chapter 3, "Impaired Relationships: Physical Injury and the Pursuit of Romance," I explore the ways in which authors depict physical impairments as obstacles to personal relationships. Through a comparison of Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and the "Nausicaa" chapter of James Joyce's Ulysses, I discuss the intersection of gender identity, disability, and romance. I argue against the critical consensus that Jake Barnes feels emasculated by his injury and that Gerty MacDowell is "doomed" to spinsterhood because she limps, contending that both authors allow their characters to maintain a sense of masculinity or femininity consistent with the hegemonic ideals of their time. While Hemingway presents Jake's wound as a physical disability that prevents his having the relationship he desires, Joyce uses Gerty's limp to mark her as an imperfect beauty in preference to an array of idealized iconic images, and in her encounter with Leopold Bloom grants her the sexual attention that she desires. In my final chapter, "African American Modernism and a Deadly Game of Blind Man's Buff," I shift focus from mainstream to African American modernism with an analysis of Richard Wright's Native Son,, addressing the author's use of folklore in relation to the metaphor of blindness. Posing the literally blind Mrs. Dalton as a revenant of the American colonists who ignored the humanity of those they enslaved and as a symbol of continuing oppression, Wright develops Bigger Thomas as both a trickster who exploits the "blindness" of others and a badman who rebels against it. My conclusion then addresses the use of disability metaphors, the attitudes those metaphors expose, and the authors' apparent agreement with or challenges to contemporary perceptions of disability. Although critics have previously analyzed specific works or certain aspects of disability representations during this era, this project seeks a more comprehensive discussion of disability in modernist fiction than currently exists. My hope is that it will enhance our understanding of both the period's literature and the harmful attitudes that existed at the time, which the work of Disability Studies has endeavored to overturn.

<p>Finnegan Lab System is a graphical computer program for learning how secret sharing works. With its focus on the algorithms and the data streams, the user does not have to consider machine-specific low-level details. It is highly modularised and is not restricted to secret sharing, but can easily be extended with new functions, such as building blocks for Feistel networks or signal processing. </p><p>This thesis describes what secret sharing is, the development of a new lab system designed for secret sharing and how it can be used.</p>

<p>Un but de la coopération dans le cadre de l'Union Européenne, c'est de réaliser une unification législative dans les états-membres. La Suède et la France ont eu des développements différents en ce qui concerne la publication et des différences existent aussi dans le domaine des secrets d'affaires. Ce mémoire a pour tâche d'étudier les différences en question ainsi que les possibilités d'une unification franco-suédoise. Au début se trouve une présentation de la protection des secrets d'affaires en France suivie d'une présentation de la protection suédoise. Les lois, la jurisprudence et la doctrine sont présentées et il y a une subdivision entre droit pénal et droit privé. A la fin une comparaison a été faite et les possiblités d'une unification ont été discutées. Le résultat du mémoire indique la possibilité d'une unification, surtout en cas d'une abrogation de certaines lois obsolètes en France.</p>

With growing trend in "cloud computing" and increase in the data moving into the Internet, the need to store large amounts of data by service providers such as Google, Yahoo and Microsoft has increased over time. Now, more than ever, there is a need to efficiently and securely store large amounts of data. This thesis presents an implementation of a Ramp Scheme that confidentially splits a data file into a configurable number of parts or shares of equal size such that a subset of those shares can recover the data entirely. Furthermore, the implementation supports a threshold for data compromise and data verification to verify that the data parts have not been tampered with. This thesis addresses two key problems faced in large-scale data storage, namely, data availability and confidentiality.

Un but de la coopération dans le cadre de l'Union Européenne, c'est de réaliser une unification législative dans les états-membres. La Suède et la France ont eu des développements différents en ce qui concerne la publication et des différences existent aussi dans le domaine des secrets d'affaires. Ce mémoire a pour tâche d'étudier les différences en question ainsi que les possibilités d'une unification franco-suédoise. Au début se trouve une présentation de la protection des secrets d'affaires en France suivie d'une présentation de la protection suédoise. Les lois, la jurisprudence et la doctrine sont présentées et il y a une subdivision entre droit pénal et droit privé. A la fin une comparaison a été faite et les possiblités d'une unification ont été discutées. Le résultat du mémoire indique la possibilité d'une unification, surtout en cas d'une abrogation de certaines lois obsolètes en France.

Cette thèse en économie industrielle cherche à expliciter les stratégies des entreprises en matière de protection de leur propriété intellectuelle, afin d'analyser les conséquences de ces comportements sur le bien-être social et l'impact sur la concurrence. Les deux premiers articles, empiriques, étudient la protection de la propriété intellectuelle par les entreprise innovantes en France sur la base de l'enquête Community Innovation Survey 4. L'analyse utilise un modèle de probit bivarié et montre que, dans le secteur des bien intermédiaires, les petites innovations ont une forte probabilité d'être brevetées, tandis que le secret est plus susceptible d'être utilisé pour protéger une grande innovation qu'une petite. Dans le troisième article, " Imitation and Intellectual Property Protection: The Strategic Implications of Damage Rules ", on étudie, de façon modélisée, comment le cadre juridique qui s'impose à l'entreprise influence son comportement de protection de sa propriété intellectuelle. Le quatrième article, " Adoption Strategies with an Imperfectly Competitive Technology Market ", relâche l'hypothèse implicite de concurrence parfaite sur le marché de la technologie présente dans le modèle d'adoption technologique de Fudenberg et Tirole (1983). Une firme amont disposant de pouvoir de marché cherche à capter les profits des firmes en aval, par exemple à l'aide de la partie fixe d'un tarif binôme. Nous établissons que, lorsque le marché amont est constitué d'un monopole, il n'y a pas, à l'équilibre, de phénomène de préemption entre les firmes en aval.

La communauté druze est l'une des minorités religieuses les plus fascinantes du Proche-Orient. Longtemps le caractère secret de leur religion a alimenté les fantasmes des voyageurs occidentaux et suscité accusations et pamphlets de la part de leurs voisins arabes. Aujourd'hui, cette minorité répartie entre le Liban, la Syrie et Israël soulève des interrogations plus politiques puisque loin d'avoir formulé des revendications à caractère nationaliste, chaque communauté a développé une attitude distincte vis-à-vis de l'Etat dans lequel elle est insérée. Cet ouvrage, qui propose une analyse de l'organisation sociale dans la communauté druze israélienne, renouvelle les perspectives d'étude sur les minorités religieuses au Proche-Orient en montrant comment il est possible de constituer et de perpétuer une spécificité sans revendiquer une identité nationale. Le caractère novateur de ce travail est d'avoir reconsidéré les relations entre le politique et le religieux dans cette communauté en soulignant qu'il n'y a ni une simple séparation, ni au contraire une totale imbrication entre ces deux domaines, mais des formes d'interconnexion qui varient selon le niveau de réalité dans lequel elles se manifestent. Si au niveau local, les hommes politiques et les personnages religieux se distinguent, au niveau global de la communauté, un seul personnage, le chef spirituel détient à la fois une fonction religieuse et une fonction politique qui lui permet de définir les limites de sa communauté et d'en être le guide. Le grand intérêt de cette contribution est aussi de montrer que la religion n'est pas simplement affaire de croyance , de dogme ou de Loi, mais qu'elle s'inscrit dans des structures d'interaction sociale. A la différence d'autres religions communautaires qui jouent sur les rites commémoratifs de leur fondation et qui développent des exégèses élaborées sur les textes sacrés, la religion druze privilégie l'action répétée de ses membres comme mode de perpétuation de son identité.