Les cas d'infection par le VIH/sida par transmission périnatale constituent aujourd'hui des phénomènes d'exception. Toutefois, plusieurs enfants infectés arrivent à l'adolescence et les recherches portant sur cette population sont plutôt rares. Cette étude vise à explorer les représentations de l'infection, les modes de gestion de la maladie, ainsi que le vécu affectif, sexuel et les projets parentaux parmi des jeunes porteurs du virus depuis leur naissance. Dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche réalisé par le CMIS de l'Hôpital Ste-Justine, en collaboration avec l'UQÀM et l'Université Laval, quatorze jeunes de 10 à 17 ans, d'origine africaine, haïtienne, québécoise ou hétéroculturelle ont été interrogés, via des entretiens individuels semi-dirigés. Les analyses reposent sur les perspectives théoriques des représentations sociales, des stratégies d'ajustement et des scénarios sexuels. Les résultats démontrent la présence de contraintes liées à l'imposition de représentations biomédicales et socioculturelles conflictuelles à l'égard du VIH/sida. Ces jeunes doivent alors composer avec une identité complète et une identité partielle, où la nécessité de ne pas divulguer l'infection pour ne pas être victime de réactions négatives implique de cacher une dimension de leur vécu et d'adopter des comportements qui peuvent aller à l'encontre de leur bien-être ou de leur santé. Les analyses mettent en évidence la façon dont ces enjeux affectent leurs scénarios amoureux et sexuels, de même que leurs stratégies de prévention et leurs projets de vie. Nos perspectives d'intervention soulignent l'importance de mieux saisir les représentations et les modalités de gestion du secret de l'infection, chez ces jeunes et parmi leur entourage. Les stratégies d'intervention devraient être mieux ciblées afin de favoriser un mieux-être et une intégration sociale chez ces jeunes. La question de la divulgation constitue un point central et demande le renforcement des compétences individuelles des jeunes ainsi qu'une intervention auprès de l'entourage. Il s'agit également de développer un sentiment de compétence, en plus d'habiletés d'affirmation de soi et de communication, dans la relation amoureuse et sexuelle. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Adolescence, VIH, Représentations sociales, Scénarios sexuels, Secret.

The two principles of ¡§secret investigation¡¨ and ¡§freedom of the press¡¨ are respectively the foundations of ¡§presumption of innocence,¡¨ a basic human right, and ¡§the right to know,¡¨ one of the basic citizen rights. The former principle guards against any sentence of suspects unreivewed by the juridical system and protects the reputation, privacy and other legal rights of all the related parties in the case. The latter are the fourth power apart from the executive, legislative and judicial branches. It allows for strict monitoring of the governmental performance and, therefore, prevents the government from abusing its powers. In practice, these two principles are rather complicatedly connected. This study begins by exploring the definition of investigation and, discussing the role and function of the police in the investigation process, and then introducing the basic ideas of the secret investigation principle. As for the freedom of the press, the study starts by explaining its meaning and introduces related theories, legal definition, protection and limitation. The study then continues with a discussion of press autonomy and information source of the press. At the end, the study provides analysis of the interviews to find out conflict and/or cooperation between the police and the media. The question raised in this study is ¡§How do the police respond to the requirements of the press freedom and protect the right to know without violating any legal regulation?¡¨ The methodology of this study is literature review of official documents and in-depth interview. The data collected from the literature review were compiled and rewritten into sixteen situation analysis tools, which were then reorganized into ten simulation cases. The cases were used as issue analysis tools in the in-depth interviews with the selected journalists and investigation squad chiefs. In the interview, the squad chiefs were asked what considerations or reactions they would have in each simulation case. The journalists were also asked what strategies or perspectives they would adopt in reporting each case. Comparisons were made to find out the differences and similarities between the squad chiefs and journalists in considering the same case so as to achieve maximum agreement between both sides under the premise of not breach any of the existing legal requirements. The study reached the following four conclusions: (1) the police should be educated about which action would violate the principle of secret investigation and what legal or administrative liability would ensue; (2) the police should understand the needs of the media and provide journalists with information within reasonable scope for media coverage; (3) the police should use assistance of devices and skills of related technologies; (4) finally, the government should cooperate with the media to make laws that can effectively regulate related issues.

Texte remanié de : Thèse de doctorat : Littérature française : Paris 8 : 1997. / Bibliogr. p. [379]-388. Notes bibliogr. Index.

Children's literature often does not hold the same weight in the studies of a culture as its big brother, the novel. However, as children's literature is written by adults, to convey information which is important for a child to learn in order to be a functioning member of that society, it can be analyzed in the same way novels are, to provide insight into the broad sweeping issues that concerned the adults of that era. Nineteenth-century British children's literature in particular reveals the deep-seated preoccupation the British Empire had with its eastern colonies, and shows how England's relationship to those colonies, particularly India, changed throughout the period. Beginning with the writing of Christina Rossetti's The Goblin Market in 1859, touching upon the Alice stories of Lewis Carroll in 1865 and 1871, and finishing with Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Secret Garden published in 1911, I show how these three works of children's fiction mirror the changing attitudes of Britain in regard to her eastern colonies. The orientalism found in these stories is a nuanced orientalism that reflects the pressures of the moment and the changing tide of public opinion.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The perfectnes of crime and the forms of crime difficult their investigation. In order to protect humans and citizens rights and freedoms the state is obligated to apply even such methods, that restrict criminals rights. The subject of this work is ambiguously considered application one of these forms, to be exactly, the form of application secret agents during the investigation in criminal procedure. The participation of secret agents investigating crimes, the results of this investigation are looked over the prism how these results could be used in criminal procedure as the poof of quilt. Considering this question is settled that legal application of secret agents and the conception of proof allow to use this form of investigation and their results as the proof in criminal procedure. It has to be noted, that secret agents as the form of investigation is restricted and allowed in very particular cases, if secret agents don’t go beyond law and settled sanction by court. In conclusion it can be also mentioned, that in this work were identified the problems of regulation of applying this criminal – procedural investigation method, that can cause the slip of efficiency of the investigation and its results.

The aim of the final Master degree work is to create a method, algorithms and program for cryptographic security of text files. The algorithms of cryptographic security and algorithms aspects are analyzed in the work. Construct program is used for coding / decoding text files using Pseudo – Random Number Generator and it is applied to use in Windows operating system. The program and instructions for its user are formed. The experimental adaption of method and program is done. The program synthesis of coding / decoding text files is described.

L'information génétique, de manière intrinsèque, concerne non seulement un individu, mais également les personnes qui lui sont liées par le sang. Dans l'hypothèse où une personne refusait de communiquer des informations cruciales pour la santé des membres de sa famille, les professionnels de la santé qui détiennent ces renseignements pourraient se retrouver confrontés à un dilemme, soit le choix entre le respect de la confidentialité ou la communication des infonnations pertinentes dans l'intérêt de la famille. Ce mémoire propose une analyse des règles régissant la confidentialité des résultats des tests génétiques en regard des droits des membres de la famille et des obligations des professionnels de la santé. Une analyse comparative entre le droit québécois et français est effectuée. La législation portant sur la confidentialité est essentiellement fondée sur la protection des droits individuels. Des exceptions législatives sont toutefois prévues dans l'intérêt de certains membres de la famille, mais elles s'adressent uniquement à la famille biologique. La notion de famille est ainsi restreinte spécifiquement dans le cadre de la génétique. Le bris de la confidentialité ne semble pas la solution optimale pour résoudre le conflit entre les droits de la personne concernée et ceux de sa famille et n'est d'ailleurs pas envisagé par les systèmes juridiques québécois et français. Les professionnels de la santé doivent alors mettre l'accent sur l'information et le dialogue avec le patient, ce qui est davantage garant de la protection des droits de toutes les personnes en cause. / Genetic information, by its very nature, concerns not only the individual, but also the persons related to him by blood. Where an individual refuses to share genetic information crucial to the health of his family members, health professionals who hold such information are faced with a dilemma: they must choose between respecting confidentiality and communicating in the interest of family members. This thesis analyses the rules governing the confidentiality of genetic test results with regards to the rights of family members and the obligations of health professionals. A comparative analysis between the laws of Québec and France is undertaken. Legislation dealing with confidentiality is essentiatly based on the protection of the rights of individuals. Legislative exceptions are nevertheless provided in the interest of certain family members, but they are directed only to the biological family. The concept of "family" is thus restricted in the context of the confidentiality of genetic information. Disregarding confidentiality is not the best solution to the conflict between the rights of the person concerned and of those of his family, and such a solution is not contemplated either in Québec or in France. Health professionals must therefore place emphasis on informing the patient, a solution which offers great protection of the rights of all concemed. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maître en droit LL.M.". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 15% des mémoires de la discipline. Commentaires du jury : "Mémoire de très bonne tenue. Exposé clair et synthétique. Approche relativement classique. Texte fort bien écrit."

If the Victorians privileged the idea of ‘the family’ and the domestic configuration, what, then, was the position of unrelated groups, quasi-families and outsiders? While mid-Victorian literature widely praised or denigrated the reputation of the family, Stevenson’s works take a different standpoint. Throughout Stevenson’s oeuvre we encounter families which are falling apart and unrelated, family-like groups which take their place: Stevenson’s writing features clubs, clans and secret societies. Recent Stevenson criticism associates the problematic family relations depicted in his texts with biographical details, such as the tempestuous relationship the writer had with his father. Yet this thesis offers a reassessment of the kinship relations in Stevenson’s works. It argues that Stevenson’s writing does not focus on domestic quarrels, but prioritises families which are not related. It asks what it means to be a member of a family which is not familial or a non-family group which is like a family. Is it possible to be both a member of a family and to be without kin? Stevenson’s works are characterised by strange and estranged family groups; it is by stepping outside of the Victorian family that characters in Stevenson’s works experience the familial. The chapters in this thesis survey a range of social groups in Stevenson’s works, all of which take on a quasi-familial form. The first chapter considers the fin-de-siècle writing world and Stevenson’s own position in London’s family-like clubland relations, which both rejected and replicated the family form. The following two chapters go on to explore the role of exile and outsiders in kinship groups. Chapter 2 looks at David Balfour’s extra-familial adventures in Kidnapped and the clan groups he encounters. The importance of the outsider to kinship is proposed in Chapter 3, which considers island communities in Stevenson’s South Pacific writings and the role of taboo as a method of social organisation. The final two chapters consider the appropriation of familial relations by the secret society. In Chapter 4 we encounter the Otherness between the brothers in The Master of Ballantrae and the similar relations of inequality in the Fenian Brotherhood in The Dynamiter; here, fraternal relations have been adopted by the political secret society. Chapter 5 explores this relationship between family and secret society in The Dynamiter further: it considers the female characters in the text and the crossovers and exchanges between domestic family life and political fraternity. These familial groups are characterised by difference, Otherness and exclusion; Stevenson’s works reconsider family relations and recognise the strangeness of social groups.

In this dissertation, we study cross-layer design for cooperative wireless data communication networks. Based on the characteristics of cooperative wireless communications, and the requirement of Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for data networks, we consider cross-layer system design for cooperative wireless networking. Three major design issues which cover cooperative link establishment, information security of cooperative communications, and cross-layer cooperative transmission scheduling, are investigated. Specifically, we follow the communication procedure in cooperative wireless systems and investigate several cross-layer design problems. Considering the queueing behavior of data buffers at the candidate relays, we study relay selection from a queue-aware perspective which takes into account the queueing systems at both the source and the potential relays. With the cooperative link established, we then study the secret key establishment problem by cross-layer cooperative discussion. Then cross-layer transmission scheduling is investigated from two perspectives. We first look at cross-layer adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), which takes both the channel condition and traffic intensity into consideration in the scheduling design. A more general queue-aware scheduler state selection mechanism based on buffer queue occupancy is studied, and optimization by nonlinear integer programming is presented. / Graduate / 0544