This study explores the meaning of female leadership in the New Testament by examining a random selection of women in the New Testament. In Chapter 2 a sociohistorical approach is utilised to examine women leaders in the in the ancient Greco- Roman world of the New Testament. The study reveals that though these societies were predominantly patriarchal, there were women leaders leading in various ways in different spheres of life (religious, political, intellectual, and in the home). Chapter 3 looks in more detail at a definition of 'leadership". The Kouzes & Posner’s (1995) model of leadership practices, based on research of how successful leaders operate, is used. The example of Jesus as the Master leader is explored against the six leadership practices, adapted for this study. It is clear that Jesus does reflect the five leadership practices proposed by Kouzes & Posner (1995). A sixth practice is added to the list as the study shows that a leader needs a leader - good followers make good leaders! Chapters 4-10 focus on the leadership practices of Mary the mother of Jesus, the Samaritan woman, Tabitha. Lydia, Priscilla and the four daughters of Philip. An examination of the socio-historical context and an analysis of key concepts in each pericope in which these women are mentioned, have been done. From the analysis it is clear that the leadership p r a c t i i of women, called "female leadership" in this study, point out leadership as 'influence" that is achieved in different practices. These leadership practices define female leadership in the New Testament The women are leaders, in some cases within the recognised positions and in other cases without the positions. / Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Introduction: As jobdemands in the healthcare system increases, one of the main protective factors involves support within the work environment. Limited knowledge exists about the work environment of nurse assistants and their well-being at work. A relatively small number of studies on this topic in the Nordic countries, and their results indicate high job demands and risk for negative health outcomes. Purpose:This study aimed to investigate nurse assistants’ perception of job demands, the servant leadership of their next superior, job satisfaction, symptoms of emotional exhaustion, and physical well-being at work. It wasalso investigatedwhether perception of servant leadership of their next superior related to job satisfaction and symptoms of emotional exhaustion.Methods: Questionnaires sent to all nurse assistants with registered email addresses at the Icelandic Nurse Assistants Association yielded 588 participants (49% response rate). A new Dutch inventory on servant leadership (SLI) was used to measure perception of servant leadership in nursing; additional questions explored work environment, demands, control and support at work, symptoms of burnout, and job satisfaction. To answer the research questions, a cross-sectional descriptive designwas used Results:The majority of participants experienced high job demands and reported on control and support at work. Despite high levels of burnout, the majority of nurse assistants weresatisfied at work. Servant leadership was practicedsomewhat within nurse assistant’s workplaces. The correlation between perception of servant leadership, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion was significant for all SLI sub-factors except courage, and the strongest correlation was for empowerment, humility, and stewardship as sub-factors of servant leadership.Conclusion:This study highlights supportive factors within the work environment, particularly regarding the leadership-empowering role of servant leadership in nursing. Results showhow thissupportis related to nurse assistants ́ well-being at work andsuggeststhat servant leadership can support health promotion within the work environment of nurse assistants. These findings are valuable for nurse assistants, nurse managersand leadershipin the health care system, thus contributingto public health / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-28-7</p>

A definitive identification of the Servant figure of Second Isaiah is notoriously difficult, as attested by centuries of conjecture and debate. The interpretive obstacles are profuse: the Servant is addressed as Israel-Jacob, but then spoken of in terms that are not consistent with the nation’s experience; in some texts he seems to represent a community, while in others he speaks as an individual; he seems to suffer extreme hardship and persecution, but then is said to experience new life; some of his experiences appear to be historical, while others are best described as idealistic. Further hampering objective interpretations are the pervasive traditional approaches among Christian and Jewish readers, which associate the Servant, equally emphatically, with Jesus or Israel. But a primary reason the Servant is so difficult to pin down is rarely considered, and that is that there exists no objective image of the Servant anywhere in Second Isaiah. As a literary character he is constituted entirely by dialogue; that is, by discourse addressed to him, spoken by him, and spoken about him by others in the form of a confession. His actions are never described, and his person is never defined. Scholars have referred to this as his “fluid” nature, but have lacked the methodological tools for a fuller study of this literary curiosity. The ideas of literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin speak to this type of characterisation. His “polyphonic hero” is a fictional character who is constituted by what is spoken to him or her, by what they overhear said concerning them, and by how they make that discourse, and the discourse of the wider world, an aspect of their own self-knowledge. They become known only by the discourse that converges on them, much as the Servant of Second Isaiah is constituted. This thesis develops a reading strategy based on Bakhtin’s theory of the polyphonic hero, as well as his broader theories of dialogism. It reimagines the inner discourse of the Servant in order to comprehend him according to the dialogue by which he knows himself, and not according to conventional reading strategies that seek for a fixed, opaque image. In the process it discovers that there are not multiple Servants, which is often posited as a solution to the problem of his fluid nature, but one Servant, Israel-Jacob, whose self-knowledge as the faithful Servant of Yahweh calls empirical Israel to faith in a time of national distress. It concludes that the Servant is present in the collection of Second Isaiah as a “voice-idea”, the embodiment of a theologically critical position that calls many of Israel’s theological and ideological presuppositions into question, in order to liberate her for a renewed history as a faithful “witness” to Yahweh her redeemer.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 55-72)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-298).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--UCLA, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-137).

O objetivo deste estudo está centrado na análise das relações de trabalho que se estabelecem em uma universidade pública em processo de implantação no que diz respeito a regras jurídicas e tácitas que impõem deveres e proibições ao comportamento das pessoas enquanto servidores públicos. Está alicerçado na premissa de que as pessoas, ao prestarem concurso público, estão mais propensas a satisfazer objetivos individuais de acomodação econômica e social, supostamente conferidos pela estabilidade, do que a atender a finalidade pública e coletiva da atividade estatal. O tema é abordado qualitativamente, e os dados coletados são provenientes de entrevistas semiestruturadas e dos diversos documentos legais envolvidos, que foram decodificados e descritos por meio da análise de conteúdo e de categorias. A hipótese deste estudo é que o ingresso no serviço público, mediante concurso, pressupõe a observação de uma série de regras que delimitam ações e comportamentos e que ao titular do cargo não é conferida a perenidade decorrente da vitaliciedade; logo, a ideia e perspectiva de acomodação no cargo público inexistem. A fim de testar essa hipótese, este estudo se baseia nos pressupostos da teoria burocrática, das relações de trabalho, da cultura, do poder e da administração pública de pessoal. Verificou-se, assim, que a permanência no cargo público decorre da continua submissão às regras de conduta, excluindo-se decisões baseadas em senso pessoal do que é ético e moral: como corolário à infração, a punição é imperativa. Os dados coletados permitem inferir, também, que a estabilidade, enquanto instituto jurídico vigente na relação de trabalho público, é confundida com prêmio ao esforço despendido para o ingresso na carreira pública e correlata permissividade aí vigente. Ao sobrevirem os resultados a partir dos dados coletados em Portugal, que experimenta nova modalidade de regulação da relação de trabalho, remetendo-a ao âmbito privatístico como forma de cortarem-se custos da Administração Pública e elevar-se a eficiência, confrontou-se a realidade lá vigente com a situação local: o advento da Emenda Constitucional n. 19/98 abre caminho para que modificações profundas sejam introduzidas em um sistema que já apresenta sintomas de desgaste e ineficiência, permitindo a transposição de algumas atividades até então exclusivas do Estado à esfera privada das relações e que, neste caso em específico, permitem interferir diretamente na forma como, equivocadamente, a estabilidade é percebida. Os mecanismos legais, como aqui são desvelados, conduzem, de forma lógica e sequencial, à possibilidade de que se implementem modificações, aos moldes daquelas experimentadas por Portugal, que poderão resultar em maior efetividade e eficiência na prestação dos serviços públicos, modificando os comportamentos e as percepções acerca desta modalidade de trabalho e, em especial, daquelas relativas à estabilidade, ao mesmo tempo em que deverão ser hábeis a favorecer a melhor compreensão por parte do indivíduo da sua condição de ser servidor público, sublimando-a em face de qualquer outro interesse. / This study aims to analyze labor relations that are established in a public university during the process of implementation in relation to legal and tacit rules that impose duties and prohibitions to the behavior of people as public servants. This study is founded on the premise that people, when applying to a civil service exam, are more likely to meet individual goals of economic and social accommodation supposedly conferred by stability, than serve the public and collective purpose of the labor activity. The subject is discussed qualitatively, and the data are collected from semi-structured interviews and many legal documents involved, which were decoded and described by content analysis and categories. The hypothesis of this study is that entering the public service, by civil exam, must observe a number of rules that define actions and behaviors, besides there is no perennial guarantees arising from tenure to the worker; so, the idea and prospect of accommodation in public office are nonexistent. To verify this hypothesis, this study is based on the assumptions of bureaucratic theory, labor relations, culture, power and public personnel administration. It was verified that remaining in a public office arises from the continued submission to the rules of conduct, excluding decisions based on personal sense of what is ethical and moral: as a corollary to the offense, the punishment is imperative. The collected data allow inferring also that stability, as juridical rule in force in the relation of public office, is confused as a prize for the effort expended to get a job in the public career and its supposed permittivity. The results from the data collected in Portugal, country that experiences a new modality of regulation of labor relationship, referring it to the private framework as a way to cut costs in Public Administration and to raise the efficiency, confronted the current reality with our local situation: the advent of the Constitutional Amendment n. 19/98 opens the way for profound changes be introduced into a system that is already showing signs of wear and inefficiency, allowing the transposition of some activities until this moment exclusive of the State to the private sphere of relations and which, in this case in particular, could directly interfere in how mistakenly stability is perceived. Legal mechanisms, as revealed here, lead logically and sequentially to the possibility to implement modifications, as well as the molds experienced by Portugal, which may result in greater effectiveness and efficiency in the execution of public services, modifying the behaviors and perceptions about this modality of work and, in particular, those related to stability, at the same time to be able to promote a better understanding by the individuals of their condition of being a public servant, sublimating it in face of any other interest.

ABSTRACT Title: What can business leaders learn from sport management? Authors: Domagoj Dragicevic and Simon Lindqvist Supervisor: Monika Wallmon and Maria Fregidou-Malama Date: 2018 – January   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding for business leaders about how they can use servant leadership to motivate employees seen from a sport management perspective.   Method: This is a qualitative study based on 11 semi-structured interviews used to collect data. The theoretical framework under which the empirical data was analysed in consists of the Self-Determination theory.   Results and conclusions: The results indicate that the athletes feel that relatedness is the most prominent of the three basic needs according to SDT to create motivation followed by competence and autonomy. Autonomy did not show to be an important basic need to create motivation compared to relatedness and competence.   Suggestions for future research: A similar study to the one we have conducted with a larger number of respondents and from a larger group we believe could have affected the result. A larger group could complicate leadership as well as the relatedness within the group, which makes us think this would be an interesting topic to investigate further.   Contribution of the thesis: Business leaders can utilize this study as it highlights the apparent connection between individuals need of relatedness and competence to their experienced motivation. Motivated employees have shown to be more creative and show a greater tendency to remain within the company.   Key words: Servant leadership, Self-Determination theory, SDT, motivation

Doctor Trudy Thomas is a leader that served; as a medical doctor and as a public servant over five decades during and after the apartheid era in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify the leadership characteristics that are evident in Doctor Thomas, the former MEC for Health for the Province of the Eastern Cape; as a leader and to explore how they developed over five decades, given her role within healthcare in South Africa. The first requirement of a servant-leader according to Robert Greenleaf (the contemporary pioneer of servant-leadership) (Greenleaf, 1977), is that the leader is a servant first and starts with a desire to serve. Doctor Thomas started her professional life as a medical missionary doctor, a profession that by its nature is serving and ultimately healing, in the poor rural communities of the Eastern Cape. Her leadership grew out of her initial concern for her patients and their communities and by the opportunities that she was presented with to apply her skills to serve. She was able to identify the deeper needs within these communities and was able to envision practical solutions to these problems, enlisting the assistance of others. Throughout her leadership journey she exhibited humility, and many other trademarks of a servant-leader. She did not see herself as a leader, believing rather that it was a privilege to serve and help people. This study was therefore able to conclude that the leadership that Doctor Thomas has exhibited is that of a servant-leader and that her leadership journey was unintentional and grew out of her desire and ability to serve. This thesis consists of three separate yet interrelated sections. Section One, The Academic Case Study is a holistic, biographical academic case study on an individual. The outcomes of this research are presented as an academic paper, which includes a condensed literature review, results and discussion, as well as recommendations for future research. It also presents recommendations regarding the application of servant-leadership in service industries like Healthcare in South Africa. The presentation of the results is predominantly qualitative with some quantitative aspects. Section Two, The Literature Review presents an extensive review of literature that relates to the phenomena of leadership; servant-leadership; leader and leadership development; servant-leadership development through service and finally servant-leadership in South Africa. Other aspects like Ubuntu and Unintentional leadership are examined. The literature review conducted serves as a broad foundation for understanding servant-leadership but does not purely focus on the issues of this individual study. Section Three, The Research Methodology is an outline of the research aim and objectives, and the research paradigm that has been adopted. The discussion also details the research methodology; the case study method; an inductive approach; an intersubjective position; the individual researched; data collection techniques and analysis; objectivity; issues of quality; ethics; and the limitations of this research.

Architecture is never complete. The theoretical discourse of the thesis explored the need of a building to change. This change is unpredictable, though expected. The project proposal within the informal context of Phumolong, Mamelodi, aimed to address this unavoidable nature of architecture. The focus of the project was to provide improved services within an informal settlement, whilst generating social upliftment. The thesis investigated the current and future requirements of the informal dweller. It explored the possibility of generating public space through the establishment of a catalyst. The connection of services and public amenities has been exploited to generate an environment where the building acts as generator and it supports social interaction. Inevitably the servant core provides implicit reasoning as renewed stimulus to public gathering. The project proposal addressed the integration of the informal user with a building system through the architectural process. This is achieved through phased development, investigating assembly and use of civic programmes. A quantitative approach towards the research was initially undertaken. However, the fluid nature of the informal settlement enthused a more qualitative approach. The need and right of the informal dweller to be served, and have access to public services and amenities justified the design proposal. The changing fabric, user, programme and needs of the community contribute to the rate of change of a building. The changing context of Phumolong required a flexible and adaptable design intervention allowing for future interpretation. These variables influenced architecture as a cognitive process. The design as a product within the realm of architecture represents the process of learning from the past, reacting to the present and preparing for the future. Ultimately the design intervention exists as an ongoing process of progressive change. Copyright / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted