於知識經濟時代中，人才已為組織中最重要的資產之一，然對於許多知識工作者來說，由於其提供的專業知識的替代性較低，也因此在就業市場不再是買方獨大的局面，人才在「求職」的同時，雇主也在「求才」。因此如何使潛在的人才對一組織有更高的組織人才吸引力 (organizational attractiveness)，進而願意投身進該組織服務，便為組織在這個時代的人力資源管理領域一個重要的議題。 會計師事務所所處的產業便為典型的提供客戶專業知識的產業型態，加上產業的人才流動率較高，因此各事務所對於專業人才的需求始終居高不下，許多徵才活動也紛紛推出。然而對於會計系應屆畢業生來說，他們對於事務所真正在意的屬性是甚麼？事務所又是如何才能真正吸引到這些專業人才？本研究欲從此核心問題，參考學者之雇主知識 (employer knowledge)模型進行探討，另外於實務中，多數的應屆畢業生也常透過詢問學長姐或朋友以獲得更多與事務所相關資訊的情形，而在這樣口碑傳播 (word-of-mouth)的脈絡下，傳播者對事務所的了解程度高的是否會產生組織人才吸引力的影響呢？ 本研究結果發現，雇主知識中給足加班津貼的薪資制度之工作資訊及較高的雇主聲望將會正向影響潛在求職者之組織之人才吸引力。建議實務組織可循此方向強化其組織人才吸引力，本研究亦提出後續研究建議，仍賴未來研究者之探索。 / The talents are the most essential assets for the organizations in the era of knowledge economy. For lots knowledge workers, the knowledge they have is less substitutable, so the organizations are not stronger in the labor market anymore. In the mean time the talents seek for the jobs, the employers also seek for the talents. How to increase the organizational attractiveness to the potential job seekers is an important issue in the human resource management. In the industry of the accounting firms especially emphasize on the profession and knowledge. They keep looking for talented employees so eagerly because of the high turnover ratio. For the students of the major in accounting, what do they really care about? How can the accounting firm attract the potential job seekers? In this thesis, we will use the employer knowledge model to discover the effects to the organizational attractiveness. Students also seek for more information about the organizations by asking the seniors or friends. In the context of word-of-mouth, we wonder the expertise of the information senders will affect the organizational attractiveness. In the result of the research, the non-deducted overtime compensation plan and higher employer reputation will increase the potential job seekers’ organizational attractiveness. The accounting firms can improve the attractiveness from these aspects.

過去大部分研究都認為人們偏好多樣化的選擇，在商店內提供越多的商品，會吸引到更多的消費者來做購買。但近年來，消費者的購物環境充斥著各式各樣的不同資訊，在這樣的情況下，賣方如果再給消費者增加更多的產品選擇，是否有可能會使消費者的購物會產生障礙，而反而延遲消費者的購買行為？近幾年，紛紛有學者發現，產品多樣化所帶給消費者的效益有一定的限制，並不往往是「越多越好」，許多研究試圖找出影響消費者對商品數量偏好的因素，而其中有文獻指出，商店的評價差異，將會影響消費者對不同數量商店的偏好；另外，消費者做選擇前，是否已對產品存有特定的理想偏好，也可能會影響到消費者的選擇結果。 目前過去對消費者商品數量偏好的研究多以實體零售商店作為探討目標，而近幾年網路購物盛行，網路商店往往會提供消費者數量眾多的商品做選擇，因此本研究則改以網路商店作實驗探討，且參考過去文獻所探討之變數，加入不同產品類型來探討對消費者所造成的影響，此外也探討極大化程度對消費者偏好是否具有影響。 本研究結果則發現： 1. 有無理想選擇與產品類型對消費者不同品數量的偏好影響具有交互作用。 2. 當消費者購買的是享樂品時，有理想選擇的消費者會偏好產品數量較少的網路商店。 3. 當消費者購買的是實用品時，有理想選擇的消費者會偏好產品數量較多的網路商店。

<p>The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively study the driving forces and mechanisms for regional growth from an endogenous and exogenous perspective and reveal the most important factors contributing to regional growth, by focusing on three aspects: local labour market, the supply side and the demand side of the labour market. The thesis is designed to use Swedish micro register data to develop spatial models with higher spatial resolution. It was found that endogenous factors are important and probably explain about at least one third of total regional economic growth. Among the endogenous factors, localised demographic composition, labour force and labour market, firms, and business environment have the strongest influence on regional economic growth. The findings from the Swedish context were briefly compared to China’s economic growth in the last fifty years.</p><p>The thesis consists of three related papers. The first paper studied the endogenous and exogenous factors in 108 Swedish LA regions during the 1990s. By using the SNI92 code, individual longitudinal data and an improved shift-share analysis method, it was found that the endogenous factor is important for regional economic growth because it is able to accelerate, decelerate or reverse the impact from exogenous factors during the period studied.</p><p>The second paper studied regional growth from the supply side of the labour market by focusing on population redistribution and place attractiveness. A ‘floating grid’ approach was developed to understand the factors shaping place attractiveness. The approach disregards administration zones by focusing on a small spatial unit—vicinity which is one kilometre square. Each unit has a unique set of surrounding zones that are local area and hinterland. By constructing spatial models, the total explained variance in place attractiveness was decomposed into partial explanatory effects that are assigned for physical attraction, demographic, service and labour market factors over the spatial scales. The finding is that the spatial scale of vicinity and demographic factors contribute most to place attractiveness.</p><p>The third paper studied regional growth from the demand side of the labour market by focusing on workplace and its economic performance. The ‘floating grid’ approach was once more applied while the basic analysis unit is a constructed workplace that holds working-square, local area and hinterland as surrounding zones. The economic performance of the workplace was attributed to external demand, local demand, business environment and labour force factors over different spatial scales. A method was developed to quantitatively identify intervals of partial explanatory effects that are components of the total explained variance. It was found that working-square and labour force factors contribute most to workplace economic performance.</p>

The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively study the driving forces and mechanisms for regional growth from an endogenous and exogenous perspective and reveal the most important factors contributing to regional growth, by focusing on three aspects: local labour market, the supply side and the demand side of the labour market. The thesis is designed to use Swedish micro register data to develop spatial models with higher spatial resolution. It was found that endogenous factors are important and probably explain about at least one third of total regional economic growth. Among the endogenous factors, localised demographic composition, labour force and labour market, firms, and business environment have the strongest influence on regional economic growth. The findings from the Swedish context were briefly compared to China’s economic growth in the last fifty years. The thesis consists of three related papers. The first paper studied the endogenous and exogenous factors in 108 Swedish LA regions during the 1990s. By using the SNI92 code, individual longitudinal data and an improved shift-share analysis method, it was found that the endogenous factor is important for regional economic growth because it is able to accelerate, decelerate or reverse the impact from exogenous factors during the period studied. The second paper studied regional growth from the supply side of the labour market by focusing on population redistribution and place attractiveness. A ‘floating grid’ approach was developed to understand the factors shaping place attractiveness. The approach disregards administration zones by focusing on a small spatial unit—vicinity which is one kilometre square. Each unit has a unique set of surrounding zones that are local area and hinterland. By constructing spatial models, the total explained variance in place attractiveness was decomposed into partial explanatory effects that are assigned for physical attraction, demographic, service and labour market factors over the spatial scales. The finding is that the spatial scale of vicinity and demographic factors contribute most to place attractiveness. The third paper studied regional growth from the demand side of the labour market by focusing on workplace and its economic performance. The ‘floating grid’ approach was once more applied while the basic analysis unit is a constructed workplace that holds working-square, local area and hinterland as surrounding zones. The economic performance of the workplace was attributed to external demand, local demand, business environment and labour force factors over different spatial scales. A method was developed to quantitatively identify intervals of partial explanatory effects that are components of the total explained variance. It was found that working-square and labour force factors contribute most to workplace economic performance.

Malgré l’abondance d’information concernant la dentisterie esthétique, les évidences scientifiques à son sujet sont rarissimes. Ainsi, cette recherche a pour premier but d’accroître ces évidences en faisant la lumière sur les paramètres esthétiques et leur influence auprès de l’appréciation générale du sourire, tel que perçu par des sujets non-experts. Une invitation à répondre à un questionnaire autoadministré anonyme a été envoyée à la communauté de l’Université de Montréal par courrier électronique. 467 personnes ont accepté de répondre au questionnaire, toutefois seulement 263 ont terminé l'opération. L’analyse des données démontre que le seul critère esthétique objectif ayant une influence statistiquement significative sur l’appréciation générale est « l’arrangement des dents » (p = .028). Les dents versées diminuent significativement l’attrait général par rapport à des dents droites (p = .012) ou chevauchées (p = .009). Par contre, en corrélant ces données avec les convictions des sujets, « l’angulation de la médiane dentaire supérieure » ainsi que « l’inclinaison du plan incisif » présentent aussi des différences statistiquement significatives. « L’état d’usure des dents » et leur « position » sont les éléments, parmi le vocabulaire suggéré, les plus importants pour l’attrait du sourire aux yeux des patients. Avec les limitations de cette étude, on peut conclure que (1) « l’arrangement des dents », « l’angulation de la médiane dentaire supérieure » et « l’inclinaison du plan incisif » influencent de manière statistiquement significative l’appréciation générale du sourire. (2) Parmi les critères objectifs étudiés, « l'arrangement des dents » a la plus forte influence sur l’appréciation générale d’un sourire. (3) Une corrélation statistiquement significative entre les deux séquences d’évaluation et la faible variance intrasujet indiquent que l’appréciation générale d’un sourire est une action réflexe basée, entre autres, sur des paramètres morphologiques. Application pratique : Les résultats de cette étude insinuent que les traitements visant à corriger l’alignement, l’usure des dents et ceux visant à blanchir les dents d’un individu sont susceptibles d’augmenter l’attrait de son sourire tel que perçu par des sujets non-experts. / Despite all the information in aesthetic dentistry, evidence-based literature has not yet fully embraced the field of cosmetic dentistry, its rules and effects. The main goal of this study is to raise this level of knowledge and therefore, determine the influence of aesthetic parameters on the overall smile attractiveness as perceived by laypeople. A request to answer an anonymous survey was sent to the University de Montreal’s community, trough its institutional email lists. 467 questionnaires were started, but only 263 were completed and kept in this study. According to this survey, « Teeth alignment » was the only objective criteria proven to have a significant statistical effect on the overall smile appreciation (p = .028). Straight (p = .012) and crowded teeth (p = .009) raised the appreciation over the rotated ones. When the data was correlated with laypeople’s belief, « superior dental median line angle » and « incisal plane incline » also had a statistical effect. From a patient’s point of view and within the suggested vocabulary, tooth wear and tooth position are the most important subjective elements that may vary with smile attractiveness. Within the limitations of this study, the conclusions are the following : (1) « teeth alignment, « incisal plane inclination » and « superior medial dental line angulation » all have proven a significant statistical effect on the smile appreciation. (2) « Teeth alignment » is the only objective criteria, by which overall appreciation can vary significantly on a statistical aspect. (3) The high degree of correlation within each smiles rating, leads us to believe that the appreciation of smile attractiveness is a reflex action. Practical application: treatments aiming whitening and correcting teeth alignment or tooth wear, all have the potential to rise smile attractiveness as perceived by laypeople.

Abstract The aim of this present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between birth order and the personality trait narcissism using 181 individuals from Finnveden High School in Värnamo (115 females, 60 males, mean age 17, sd=0,94), in the context of the proposal of Sulloway (1996) that personality is influenced by the specialized nich-es siblings adopt in the quest for access to parental resources. A questionnaire which in-cludes Narcissistic Personality Inventory test, Birth order test and also Rosenberg’s self-esteem test in order to investigate if it might has an impact on narcissistic personality trait, was used. Results showed that there was no significant relationship between birth order and narcissism, however, a significant relationship between narcissism and self-esteem was found. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between narcissism and the individual’s relationship with the mother. In conclusion, there was no direct rela-tionship between birth order and narcissism. Our hypothesis was falsified and no support for Sulloways theory was found.

Convergence is a topic that many point to as the driving force behind modern product development. The merger of similar devices into a single product form can create a number of advantages for both producers and consumers, but successful design must take more than just this into account. Convergence is the evolution of a product through a disruptive and uncertain environment of technology and user needs. While the digital revolution has certainly been the biggest recent disrupter to society and design, there are signs of convergence in both form and function that have occurred across many products, and product categories. Producers and consumers always clamor for devices that are useful and convenient, take advantage of the latest technologies, and yet remain intuitive, attractive, and easy to use. This paper will dissect the meaning of convergence in product design and provide a framework for understanding and dialog. Combined with an extensive survey and product mapping, this definition will then be used to delineate approaches and principles for the effective design of evolving products in today's changing environment. The findings of this paper will help designers make decisions when considering the trade-offs between aesthetics, functionality, and ease of use in technology based products.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between birth order and the personality trait narcissism using 181 individuals from Finnveden High School in Värnamo (115 females, 60 males, mean age 17, sd=0,94), in the context of the proposal of Sulloway (1996) that personality is influenced by the specialized nich-es siblings adopt in the quest for access to parental resources. A questionnaire which in-cludes Narcissistic Personality Inventory test, Birth order test and also Rosenberg’s self-esteem test in order to investigate if it might has an impact on narcissistic personality trait, was used. Results showed that there was no significant relationship between birth order and narcissism, however, a significant relationship between narcissism and self-esteem was found. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between narcissism and the individual’s relationship with the mother. In conclusion, there was no direct rela-tionship between birth order and narcissism. Our hypothesis was falsified and no support for Sulloways theory was found.</p>

For humans and non-human primates (NHPs) the face represents a particularly important source of social information providing a means of conspecific recognition and cues to personal details including sex, age, and emotional state. The human face may also be fundamental in the transmission to conspecifics of other forms of socially relevant information including the display of facial traits associated with sexual attraction and mate choice. A wealth of experimental literature indicates that humans display robust preferences for certain facial traits associated with facial attractiveness including preferences for bilateral facial symmetry, facial averageness and sexually dimorphic faces and facial features. It is thought that these preferences have evolved via sexual selection, and may be adaptive, due to the role that these specific facial features play in reliably signalling to others the possession of heritable genetic quality or ‘good genes’. Therefore, from an evolutionary perspective, it is possible that certain facial preferences may represent an evolutionary adaptation for the selection of potential mate quality. However, despite similarities between human and NHP face processing and recognition abilities, the shared evolutionary history and social importance of faces to primates in general, and the potential importance of these preferences in the mate choice decisions of NHPs, very little research has investigated the extent to which NHPs display comparable preferences to humans for these specific facial traits. Consequently, the aim of the following thesis was to comparatively assess the general and more specific preferences that humans and NHPs display for faces and for traits associated with facial attractiveness. Data was compiled from preference studies examining the visual preferences displayed by two species of NHP (brown capuchins (Cebus apella) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)) for conspecific faces manipulated for those facial traits associated with attractiveness, and from a single study of brown capuchins examining their general visual preferences for various types of facial information. Comparative preference studies were also conducted upon human adults and infants examining the visual and declared preferences that they display for manipulations of facial attractiveness. Data showed that despite possessing general preferences for certain faces and facial information, generally NHPs displayed no significant preferences for those facial traits thought to influences judgements of attractiveness in humans. Possible reasons for this absence of preference for these particular facial traits and the evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.

No description available.