The field of urban planning experiences many trends, social sustainability and density being two of them. While density has been on the agenda before, it has lately become synonymous with sustainability, the social dimension included. The relationship between social sustainability and density has however been contested by many scholars claiming that the relationship is unclear due to the vagueness and that policymakers can adapt the concept in a way that favours their intentions or the dominating urban paradigm. Thus, this thesis provides a deeper understanding of the contradictions and dilemmas of social sustainability and density, and in what way this reflects contemporary trends within urban planning in the context of ‘ordinary cities’. A thematic analysis of documents and interviews was conducted to identify how themes of social sustainability and density have been motivated, as well as the relationship between the two. With private interest being influential in urban governance, economic interests tend to define the vague, and shapeable concept of social sustainability. With that we find that dimensions of social sustainability that concern attractiveness are prioritised, while values of integration, affordability, and equity are not. Our findings contribute by linking social sustainability to the idea of a good city while at the same time allowing market interest to define social values as attractiveness and in the end sellability. In that sense, the market has become an indicator of whether the area is socially sustainable or not. Thus, it is important to define social sustainability and its incorporation in the planning process. / Det finns flera trender inom samhällsplanering, två av dem är social hållbarhet och täthet. Täthet har varit på agendan tidigare, men har under senare perioder blivit synonymt med hållbarhet och inkluderat den sociala dimensionen. Förhållandet mellan social hållbarhet och täthet har dock blivit ifrågasatt av flertalet forskare, vilka menat att förhållandet är svårtolkat i och med att det innebär en påtaglig vaghet, därför har också beslutsfattare kunnat anpassa begreppet social hållbarhet efter deras intentioner eller de dominerande paradigmen inom samhällsplanering. Därmed bidrar denna uppsats med en djupare förståelse för motsättningarna och dilemman kring social hållbarhet och täthet och hur detta reflekterar samtida trender inom samhällsplaneringen i ’ordinary cities’. En tematisk analys av dokument och intervjuer gjordes för att identifiera hur sociala hållbarhets- och täthetsteman motiveras, och hur relationen dem emellan tagit form. Då privata intressen har stort inflytande inom planering tenderar ekonomiska intressen att forma det vaga begreppet social hållbarhet. I och med det fann vi att sociala hållbarhetsdimensioner som berör attraktivitet prioriteras, medan värden som integration, bostäder åt alla och rättvisa blivit åsidosatt. Våra fynd bidrar till en bredare kunskapsbild genom att koppla ihop social hållbarhet med idén om en bra stad, där samhällsplanering riskerar att låta marknadsintressen definiera sociala värden som ’attraktivitet’ och i slutändan ’säljbarhet’. På så vis har marknaden blivit en indikator på huruvida ett område är socialt hållbart eller inte. Därför är det viktigt att inom samhällsplaneringen definiera social hållbarhet och hur konceptet används.

Nowadays the competition between cities is something very common, especially between cities of different countries. But this competition it can be observed even between cities of the same country or between districts of the same city. Based on this phenomenon municipalities try to change and become more sustainable (socially and environmentally), implement more green spaces in their urban core, create vibrant local environments and launch campaigns in order to create liveable districts, improve their local economy and survive this growing competition. In other words, cities want to become more attractive.In Sweden cities are also part of this global trend and since they are growing economically they try to create an urban environment that is desirable for its citizens. In Stockholm’s Översiktsplan there are different main goals, such as “The growing city (växande stad)” which is analyzed as “An attractive big city” or “Good public spaces (God offentlig miljö)” which is analyzed as “Mixed use urban space”, “Inviting public space”, “Living local centers” leading to the question how do these correlate and how do they affect each other.The reason of this research is to understand what is an attractive area in a city and find out a way to measure attractiveness by using spatial or non-spatial factors who play a major role on how a city is perceived. It is known based on existing research and literature, that many different factors are involved for a place to be considered as attractive, such as the distance from the means of transport, the distance to public amenities, house affordability, vibrant lifestyle, the distance from market places, social equality, the distance from the city center, the proximity to nature and many others, but there is no index that uses all these factors and calculates an attractiveness score.So this research aims in the creation of an attractiveness index, by formulating a lot of different indicators (social, geographic, economic, etc) based on the Översiktsplan goals and the calculation of attractiveness of different areas in Stockholm. The areas are SoFo District in Södermalm, Skarpnäck suburb in the south and Tensta suburb in the north. The main goal of this research is to improve the urban quality in Stockholm by identifying problematic areas, in order to increase the awareness about urban quality and the way to accomplish this research is the use of Multi-Criteria Evaluation in collaboration with Geographic Information Systems.Based on all the above the research question in this thesis will be: How city’s block attractiveness is measured with the use of Multi-Criteria Evaluation and the implementation of Geographic Information Systems?

The thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, a list of used literature from 60 titles. The content of the work is 76 pages. The review of sources on features of concept of investment appeal of the enterprise is carried out. The factors of investment attractiveness of the enterprise are determined. On the basis of the conducted research of existing methods of environmental responsibility assessment, their main shortcomings were revealed: the lack of an assessment of external factors. With the aim of eliminating them, an adapted version was developed, using competitive factors. The developed methodology was tested on the IFRS data of the largest metallurgical enterprises. Namely, MMK, KUMZ Nadezhdinsky MK, ChPTZ, EVRAZ, UMMC. From the reviews of sources and the media, problems and trends in the investment attractiveness of the metallurgical enterprises of the Urals were revealed. The methodology for assessing investment attractiveness has been adapted. The results allowed to determine that the level of investment attractiveness is more accurately estimated and is acceptable. In the introduction, the relevance of the topic, goals and objectives was identified, the subject and object of the study were determined, and the scientific and practical value of the study was substantiated. In the first chapter, the concept of the investment attractiveness of the enterprise is analyzed, the features of the concept of the investment attractiveness of the enterprise are described, a system of factors influencing the investment attractiveness of the enterprise is determined. The second chapter summarizes the methods for classifying the investment attractiveness of enterprises, compiled a generalization of the indicators used to measure the investment attractiveness of the enterprise. The author's methodology for determining investment attractiveness will be compiled and described. In the third chapter, the general state of the metallurgical industry is considered, several enterprises have been evaluated for metallurgists in the Urals, and the author's methodology will be tested using the example of UMMC-Holding. Recommendations for metallurgical enterprises were developed In conclusion, the main conclusions and results of the work are formulated and summarized. In conclusion, the main conclusions and results of the work are formulated and summarized. / Диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка использованной литературы из 60 наименований. Содержание работы составляет 76 страниц. Проведен обзор источников по особенностям понятия инвестиционной привлекательности предприятия. Определены факторы инвестиционной привлекательности предприятия. На основе проведенного исследования существующих методик оценки экологической ответственности были выявлены их основные недостатки: отсутствие оценки внешних факторов. С целью их устранения разработана адаптированная версия, с использованием факторов конкурентоспособности Разработанная методика была апробирована на данных МСФО крупнейших металлургических предприятий. А именно ММК, КУМЗ Надеждинский МК,ЧПТЗ, ЕВРАЗ, УГМК. Из обзоров источников и сми были выявлены проблемы и тенденции инвестиционной привлекательности металлургических предприятий Урала. Адаптирована методика оценки инвестиционной привлекательности. Результаты позволили определить, что уровень инвестиционной привлекательности более точно оценен и является приемлемым Во введении обозначены актуальность темы, цели и задачи, определены предмет и объект исследования, обоснована научная и практическая ценность исследования. В первой главе проанализировано понятие инвестиционной привлекательности предприятия, сделано описание особенностей понятия инвестиционной привлекательности предприятия, определена система факторов влияющих на инвестиционную привлекательность предприятия. Во второй главе обобщены методы классификации инвестиционной привлекательности предприятий, составлено обобщение показателей, используемых для измерения инвестиционной привлекательности предприятия. Будет составлена и описана авторская методика определения инвестиционной привлекательности. В третьей главе рассмотрено общее состояние металлургической промышленности, проведена оценка нескольких предприятий на металлурги на Урале, также будет апробировано авторская методика на примере УГМК - холдинг. Разработаны рекомендации для металлургических предприятий В заключении сформулированы и обобщены основные выводы и результаты работы.

Атомная энергетика является одной из самых молодых и динамично развивающихся отраслей глобальной экономики. Высокий динамизм порождает необходимость повышения инвестиционной привлекательности разрабатываемых в сфере атомной энергетики проектов, что невозможно без эффективных механизмов управления формированием инвестиционного предложения. Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка и апробация механизма управления инвестиционной привлекательностью проекта в атомной энергетике. В работе рассматриваются теоретические и прикладные вопросы протекания инвестиционных процессов на предприятиях сферы атомной энергетики России. В качестве источников информации использовались нормативно-правовые акты, база публикаций Российского индекса научного цитирования, представленная на ресурсе Elibrary, данные корпоративной статистики по теме исследования, данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики и Министерства энергетики Российской Федерации и внутренние документы исследуемого предприятия. В ходе написания магистерской диссертации был разработан и апробирован механизм управления инвестиционной привлекательностью проекта в атомной энергетике, предполагающий идентификацию субъекта и объекта управления, цели управления, исходного состояния проекта, конечного результата, а также описание процесса управления, формализованного в виде алгоритма. Разработанный механизм позволяет повышать эффективность процесса формирования инвестиционной привлекательности проекта и, как следствие, повышает вероятность принятия положительного инвестиционного решения. В результате апробации разработанного механизма были предложены практические рекомендации для менеджмента предприятия, а также определены направления совершенствования разработанного механизма. / Nuclear power is one of the youngest and fastest growing sectors of the global economy. High dynamism creates the need to increase the investment attractiveness of the projects developed in the field of nuclear power, which is impossible without effective management mechanisms for the formation of the investment proposal. The purpose of the master's thesis is to develop and test the mechanism of management of project investment attractiveness in nuclear power. This paper presents conceptual and practical questions of investment processes at the enterprises of nuclear power industry in Russia. The sources of information were regulatory legal acts, the database of publications of the Russian science citation index, presented on Elibrary resource, data of corporate statistics on the research topic, data of the Federal state statistics service and the Ministry of energy of the Russian Federation and internal documents of the enterprise under consideration. While preparing the master's thesis, the mechanism was developed and tested to manage the project investment attractiveness in nuclear power, involving the identification of the subject and object of management, management objectives, the initial state of the project, the final result, as well as a description of the management process, formalized as an algorithm. The developed mechanism allows increasing the efficiency of the process of formation of project investment attractiveness and, as a result, increases the likelihood of making a positive investment decision. As a result of testing of the developed mechanism, practical recommendations for management of the enterprise were offered, and the directions of improvement of the developed mechanism were also defined.

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Forskningsfrågor: 1. Hur påverkar den upplevda attraktiviteten hos influencers köpintentionen hos deras följare? 2. Vilka faktorer i relationen mellan influencers och konsumenter leder till en ökad upplevd attraktivitet hos influencers? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och få en djupare förståelse för vad som påverkar influencers upplevda attraktivitet. Vidare kommer uppsatsen att undersöka vilka faktorer i konsumenters relation till influencers som leder till köp med attraktivitet i fokus. Följande faktorer som undersökts är attraktivitet, expertis, trovärdighet, community, autenticitet och köpintention. Genom att analysera dessa faktorer i relationer mellan konsumenter och influencers kan studien bidra med insikter som kan ligga till grund för framtida marknadsföringsstrategier. Metod: Studien har utgått från en kvantitativ undersökning där data har samlats in med hjälp av en enkätstudie med 355 respondenter. Vidare har data analyserats med hjälp av analysverktyget SPSS Statistics. I analysprogrammet har korrelationsanalyser, korstabuleringar, Cronbach’s reliabilitetsanalyser och regressionsanalyser genomförts för att tolka insamlad data.  Slutsats: Studien visar att det finns ett mycket signifikant och säkert positivt samband mellan attraktivitet och köpintention. Attraktivitet påverkas dessutom av expertis, trovärdighet, community och autenticitet. Kunder som känner attraktion till sin influencer i den mån att de har liknande intressen och värderingar kommer påverkas av marknadsföring från sin influencer på ett positivt sätt. Företag bör ha det i beaktning när de väljer influencers som ska marknadsföra deras varor. / Research questions: 1. How does the perceived attractiveness of influencers affect the purchase intention of their followers? 2. Which factors in the relationship between influencers and consumers lead to an increased perceived attractiveness of influencers? Purpose: The study aims to investigate and gain a deeper understanding of what affects the perceived attractiveness of influencers. Furthermore, the study will be researching which factors in the consumers' relationship with influencers lead to increased purchases intention, with attractiveness in focus. The following factors investigated are attractiveness, expertise, trustworthiness, community, authenticity and purchase intention. By analyzing these factors in relationships between consumers and influencers, the study can contribute with insights that can form the basis of future marketing strategies. Method: The study has been based on quantitative research where data has been collected using a questionnaire study with 355 respondents. Furthermore, the data has been analyzed using the analysis tool SPSS Statistics. In the analyses program, correlation analyses, cross-tabulations, Cronbach's reliability analyses and regression analyses have been carried out to interpret the collected data. Conclusion: The study shows that there is a very significant and certainly positive relationship between attractiveness and purchase intention. Attractiveness is also influenced by expertise, trustworthiness, community and authenticity. Customers who feel attraction to their influencer to the extent that they have similar interests and values will be affected by marketing from their influencer in a positive way. Companies should take this into consideration when choosing influencers to promote their products.

Turistinformationscentrum finns för att tillhandahålla besökare med relevant information om destinationen samt för att förbättra och anpassa vistelsen utefter besökarnas personliga preferenser. I samband med utvecklingen av digital kommunikation har besökarnas tillvägagångssätt att ta del av turistinformation förändrats. Tillgängligheten till turistinformation har fått turismutvecklare att spekulera om det fysiska turistinformationscentrum i framtiden kommer att fortsätta tillhandahålla information och tjänster i sitt nuvarande format. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med syfte att undersöka hur fysiska turistinformationscentrum påverkas av digital kommunikation i sin dagliga verksamhet. Detta för att bringa förståelse hur turistinformationscentrum kan arbeta i framtiden med digitala kommunikation i sin dagliga verksamhet. För att undersöka hur turistinformationscentrum kan arbeta med digital kommunikation i framtiden genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med utvalda intressenter som representerade två olika organisationstyper. Resultatet tyder på att turistinformationscentrumen arbetar olika med digital kommunikation och att det har olika synsätt på hur turistinformationscentrum arbete med digital kommunikation kommer att se ut i framtiden. Flera av respondenterna konstaterar att Artificiell Intelligens (AI) kommer att få en större betydelse i deras sätt att tillhandahålla information till besökarna. För att öka turistinformationscentrums attraktivitet med hjälp av digital kommunikation behöver chatt GPT bli mer kvalitetssäkrad i den information den tillhandahåller. Samverkan mellan turistinformationscentrum och andra turismaktörer behöver också bli bättre för att tillgängliggöra turistinformationscentrum som informationskälla. Det genomgående mönstret för studien är att turistinformationscentrum behöver arbeta med digital kommunikation som kan tillhandahålla personlig och marknadsneutral turistinformation. Tanken är att det ska fungerar som en förlängd arm av deras nuvarande verksamhet. I slutsatsen går det därmed att konstatera att turistinformationscentrumen behöver implementera digital kommunikation för att stärka sin attraktivitet bland framtidens besökare. För att det ska ses som en attraktiv källa av turistinformation behöver det existera i de digitala kanaler som besökarna använder sig av. / A Tourist information center exists to provide visitors with relevant information about the destination as well as to improve and adapt the visit to the visitors personal preferences. In conjunction with the development of digital communication, the visitors approach to accessing tourist information has changed. The availability of tourist information have made tourist developers to begin speculate about the physical tourist information center, if they in the future will keep providing information and services in its current state. This essay is a qualitative study with the purpose of examining how physical tourist information center in the future will be affected by digital communication in their daily operations. This study is to understand how and if tourist information center can still exist in the future with digital communication in its current state. Qualititative interviews where implemented with selected stakeholders to identify what kind of impact digital communication has on tourist information center daily activities. Two different organisations are represented to better understand how tourist information centers can work with digital communications in the future.The result implies that tourist information center are using digital communication differently. They have different points of views about their future work with digital communication. The majority of the respondents point out that Artificial Intelligence (AI) will have a greater purpose in their ways to provide information to the visitors. To increase the attractiveness of tourist information centers with the help of digital communication the AI chat GPT needs to provide more quality assured tourist information. The cooperation between tourist information centers and other tourism companies need to make the tourist information centers more available as a tourist information source. The consistent pattern of this study is that tourist information centers need to work with digital communication that can provide personal and market neutral information and works as an extension of their current business. The conclusion shows that tourist information centers need to implement digital communication to strengthen their attractivity among future visitors. For it to be seen as an attractive source of tourist information centers, it needs to exist in the digital channels that visitors are using. / <p>2024-05-29</p>

<p dir="ltr">With the accelerating pace of Baby Boomer retirements from the workforce, agricultural companies need to understand how to recruit and retain the upcoming generation of workers. The generation currently entering the workforce has been labeled Generation Z. The purpose of this study was to describe workplace attractiveness factors for FFA members belonging to Generation Z. Research questions were: 1) What factors of employer attractiveness is considered important to FFA Alumni belonging to Gen. Z and 2) What is the relationship between the respondents’ demographics and the factors/values of employer attractiveness?</p><p dir="ltr">The population for this study were past FFA members between the ages of 18 and 25 who were a part of one of three groups: American Degree recipients, FFA Alumni, or Forever Blue Network. This study was conducted in the spring of 2023 using Qualtrics. Conclusions from this study include agricultural employers must incorporate the five workplace attractiveness values into their organizational culture, policies, and practices; Generation Z employees who are unwilling to move for the job are less likely to be willing to meet company expectations beyond a typical work week; and Generation Z employees with a BS degree value a supportive company.</p><p dir="ltr">Agricultural employers can use the findings from this study to tailor their recruitment strategies and the findings can also guide School-Based Agricultural Education in its preparation of students for agricultural careers while ensuring the industry's continual growth and relevance by aligning education, career pathways, and employer engagement with the preferences of Generation Z.</p>