Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1940. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [112]-115).

This study investigated the reproduction and survival of Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis). Data on birth and death of Formosan macaques at Mt. Longevity were collected from 1996 till 2006. The birth of Formosan macaques peaked from April to June (94.4%). The sex ratio of 604 infants at birth was 1:1.2 (female to male), which was not significantly different from 1:1. The death of less than one-month-old infants accounted for 22.2% of all infant death. Infant mortality (less than 1 years old) was very high (35.2%) and no sexual difference was found (p > 0.05). Mortality of males equal or older than 6 years old (16.8-33.3%) were higher than those of females (p < 0.05). In primiparous females, most females (57.6%) gave birth at four years old. The average interbirth intervals of females after infant death within the first 3 months was 0.96 years (¡Ó 0.07, n = 23) which was significantly shorter than that after the successful rearing infants (1.02 years ¡Ó 0.09, n = 185, p < 0.05). Maternal ranks, age, infant sex ratio and troop size had no significant effect on the interbirth intervals (p > 0.05). The average interbirth intervals of high-ranking females (1.03 years) were similar to those from middle- (1.10 years) and low-ranking females (1.01 years). The average interbirth intervals after daughters were slightly longer than those after sons (1.02 and 1.01 years, prospectively). Interbirth intervals among small-sized troops (0.97 years) was slightly shorter than those from large- (1.02 years) and middle-sized troops (1.00 years). The birth rates of high- and middle-ranking females (66.3% and 68.0%, prospectively) were significantly higher than that of low-ranking females (45.6%, p < 0.05). Maternal rank and age had no significant effect on male infant ratio (p > 0.05). However, male infant ratio of high-ranking and young-aged females (76.2%) was 1.3-1.6 times of high-ranking, middle- and old-aged females, 1.5-1.7 times of middle-, low-ranking and young-aged females. Male infant ratio of middle troop size and high-ranking females (66.7%) was 1.2-1.4 times of large- and small-sized troops; 1.4-1.5 times of middle troop size and middle- and low-ranking females.

The low birth rate is a global trend Taiwan has entered the low birth rate society! The low birth rate have a deep impact not only on individuals, families, society, nation, or even a whole industry. According to the Ministry of the Interior (2010) data show that the total fertility rate of women in our country from 1960 to 1965 of 4.825, down to 0.895 in 2000-2010, fertility rates highest in the world of the reciprocal of the first, even more than the aging neighbor country Japan is even lower. Estimated to 105 years of the Republic of Taiwan's population will probably enter "zero growth"! Today's changing social structures, not married and no children of the proportion continues to increase, the motives of the pet is not just for economic or practical purposes, but accompanied by the emotional pets and owners to produce a interdependent relationship. Their beloved pet is willing to increase spending, thus creating a huge consumer market. Expected in the future, the fertility rate continued low standard of people keeping pets will be more market demand for more vigorous, it is bound to create more pet business opportunities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the low birth rate to bring the pet business opportunities, "the case of its competitors, strengths and weaknesses and its opportunities and threats SWOT analysis to understand the circumstances of its comparative advantage. Furthermore, the use of the SWOT matrix analysis graph matching, correlation analysis of the pet industry, summed up the advantages and disadvantages of the pet industry, combined with the related policy analysis theory. Finally, conclusions and provide recommendations in the strategy of the industry. This study eventually granted to the following six factors suggested that the industry reference in the business: (¤@) management style (¤G) market segment (¤T) education and training (¥|) strategic alliance (¤­) Promotion (¤») pet related systems and laws Keywords: low birth rate, fertility, pet, business opportunities, the SWOT, the pet industry

本研究旨在瞭解少子化對教育環境與國民中學學校經營之影響、教育行政機關在政策面及實務面因應少子化之道、少子化下國民中學學校經營之因應策略及其重要性等方面。研究對象為臺北縣市教育行政機關人員及臺北縣市公立國民中學之校長、候用校長與教務主任為訪談及問卷施測之對象。問卷發出277份，回收218份，問卷回收率為78.70%。資料分析採平均數與標準差等方法。 綜合問卷與訪談結果，本研究歸納幾點結論： 一、少子化對教育環境的影響包括對社會整體、學校環境、教師及家長等層面之影響。 二、教育行政機關因應之道，中央行政機關的政策面與實務面因應之道包括：(一)建立裁併校指標、(二)教師方面培養教師第二專長、增加輔導教師人力及規劃教師共聘機制、(三)學校層面降低班級人數提昇教學品質、編列教育補助預算、(四)推動教師及師培機構評鑑機制等層面；地方行政機關的政策面與實務面因應之道包括：(一)學校教師員額管控與聘任新進教師、(二)教師專業成長、(三)偏遠地區學校裁併與新設校之考量、(四)學校空間規劃與硬體之改善等層面。 三、少子化對國民中學學校經營之影響層面包括：(一)少子化對國民中學學校經營之衝擊、(二)少子化對國民中學學校經營之新契機、(三)少子化對國民中學教師帶來之改變。 四、少子化國民中學學校經營之因應策略及其重要性為：(一)建立品牌形象、(二)精進教師專業成長、(三)強化學校招生策略、(四)推動學校創新經營、(五)加強校本課程、(六)運用學校校園閒置空間等層面。 依據上述研究結果，針對中央及地方教育行政機關、對國民中學學校經營、對後續研究提出幾項具體建議，供教育行政機關及學校校長等相關政策規劃及學校經營上之參考。 / The object of this research is focused on exploring and understanding how a birth rate policy affects junior high school education, school management, administrative authorities for education policy and practice ;therefore ,responds the adaption to the changing environment,and concludes the implication and importance for school management strategy . This research was conducted under the questionnaire survey aiming at Taipei public and private authorities staffs , schools principals and its candidates , and academic affair supervisors with sampling size of 277 volunteers and withdrew 218 copies thereof effective, i.e. withdrawing rate 78.70%. Regarding the research tool includes mean and standard deviation analysis. According to the research analysis and discussion, it comes to the conclusions as following： 1.A birth rate policy influences on education environment including society, school, teacher and parent aspects. 2.As regards Central education authorities responding the policy and practice to the changing environment include. (1)establish school close down and consolidation indicators. (2)cultivate and train teachers with secondary specialty , enhance faculty counseling staffs and planning mechanism for co-selecting teachers. (3)scale down the number of a class student , promote education quality, and propose a education supplementary budgets. (4)promote teacher performance and appraisal implement mechanism ; and further,Local education authorities responding the policy and practice are (1)Control the number of faculty and new teachers recruitment. (2)Cultivate and promote teachers specialty. (3)Feasibility study on remote district schools close down or consolidation. (4)Improving the campus space and hardware facility . 3.A birth rate policy influences on junior high school management respects are: (1) Impacting on school administration and management. (2)Emerging incidentally new opportunity from those influences. (3)As far as junior high schools’ teachers are concerned, changing incidentally with those influences. 4.The said policy implication and importance for school management strategy including： (1)To establish brand image. (2)Cultivate and promote teachers specialty. (3)To strengthen the student enrollment strategy. (4)Creating an innovative school management strategy. (5)Upgrade and intensify the course contents and level. (6)To utilize the unused or idle space or facility. Finally, according to the research findings and conclusions, I propose some suggestions regarding practice applications and subsequent studies respectively to school principal and education authorities for implementing the related policy and management strategy.

Taiwan's birth rate drops to lowest in the world. The Birth rate decline has bring about the over-supply market of the student. Under the over-supply market and high competition situation, how to attract and recruit students is the urgent issue for most schools. School organizational change is necessary . Because School organizational change can effectively activate organization, reinforce school efficiency and enhance education quality. School actualization program come from the government subsidy that expect to help school reach the goal of quality senior high school . This paper divides four main parts. First,to analyze the difference of swots during three years. Second, to research difference of action strategy between schools. And then, to summarize the Implementation and Outcome of School actualization program . Finally, according to informations of organizational change and implementation schedule to construct an integrative model of school organizational change. To export the advantages and disadvantages of implementation process at school . Based on conclusions mentioned above, this study proposed some suggestions for educational administrative authorities, quality schools, and future researchers.

Magistro darbo „Socialinės paramos daugiavaikėms šeimoms vertinimas ir galimo tobulinimo kryptys“ tikslas-: išanalizuoti daugiavaikių šeimų socialinę padėtį ir identifikavus problemas, projektuoti jų sprendimų būdus. Siekiant šio tikslo, iškelti uždaviniai išanalizuoti socialinės paramos sampratą, paramos teikimo modelius, išnagrinėti socialinės paramos teikimą daugiavaikėms šeimoms reglamentuojančius įstatymus, išryškinti socialinės paramos teikimo gausioms šeimoms problemas ir galimus jų sprendimo būdus. Pirmoje dalyje nagrinėjama socialinė apsauga Europos Sąjungoje ir Lietuvoje, socialinės apsaugos tipai, gerovės valstybių socialinė politika. Antroje dalyje remiantis Lazdijų rajono Kapčiamiesčio seniūnijoje atlikto tyrimo duomenimis, atskleidžiami socialinės paramos daugiavaikėms šeimoms trūkumai ir pateikiamos rekomendacijos paramos tobulinimui. / The purpose of the Master paper “Assessment of social support to large families and trends of possible development” is to analyze social status of large families and project ways how to solve problems after identifying them. In pursue of this purpose the goal has been set to analyze the concept of social support, models of support provision, to analyze laws regulating provision of social support to large families, to point out problems of provision of social support to large families and possible ways how to solve them. The first part analyzes social security in the European Union and Lithuania, types of social security and social policy of welfare states. The second part covers shortcomings of social support to large families based on the results of the research conducted in Lazdijai district Kapčiamiestis elderate and provides recommendations for improvement of the support. Having analyzed data of the research conclusions have been made that provision of social support to large families is not efficient and adequate. Families would like that raising of children was equal to the work that is socially beneficial and was paid for.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-126).

For the past twenty-five years, Japan’s population decline has been a domestic and global concern. A common discourse on the issue of Japan’s low birth rate tends to focus on the role of women, specifically indicating that women should change their behavior to prioritize motherhood. This thesis argues that Japan’s low birth rate is the result of a nexus of social and economic influences that are experienced in contemporary society. In order to provide a nuanced analysis of the influences on a woman’s childbearing decision, motivators of and challenges to population growth will be explored. The dynamic struggle that women experience from the internalized stress of deciding about childbearing while coping with external factors from the community, government, and corporate sector is divided into four categories. The conditions caused by the interaction of these different factors contributes to consistent decline in the birth rate.

This master thesis is focused on the present state of the family issues in the Czech Republic. Except the explanation of the basic terminology, it also indicates some of the areas with the family in the first place and its legal regulations and sociology investigation. It observes the actual trends in the behaviour of couples in the connection with the common life and starting family. The acquired demographic and sociological findings, valid generally for the Czech Republic, are analysed and compared with the statistical dates of the lower territory self-governing units. It also checks the rate of the regional differences above these regions (mainly at the level of districts), especially in the area of the marriage behaviour, parenthood and amount of the separating marriages. It confronts these data with the age structure of the founding family members. At the end of the graduation thesis is established whether the results of the sociological investigation and studies are consistent with the realized conclusions from the statistic data and if there exist the significant regional dissimilarities in the Czech Republic in statistic indicators which characterize the "family" behaviour of population.