La France a obtenu de ses partenaires l’inclusion des territoires d’outre-mer dans le traité de Rome instituant la CEE. L’objectif était, en période de décolonisation, de maintenir des liens entre les métropoles et les anciennes colonies dans un contexte nouveau. Entre 1958 et 1963, les Six expérimentent un système d’association avec les pays tiers, en particulier les états africains et malgache associés (EAMA) qui permet de maintenir des liens économiques particuliers avec ces états souverains, sous couvert d’une aide au développement. La Convention de Yaoundé de juillet 1963 marque la volonté des Six d’institutionnaliser et de coordonner leurs relations avec les pays tiers africains et malgache et jette les bases d’une politique de coopération, consolidée par des renouvellements de cette Convention. Celles-ci furent basées au niveau commercial, sur des préférences tarifaires et contingentaires réciproques et une assistance financière et technique. Aux termes d’une décennie d’association, le bilan du soutien au développement fut très maigre. Excepté la coopération dans le domaine de l’enseignement et de la formation où il y a eu une hausse de la scolarisation dans la plupart des EAMA, les résultats au niveau économique furent dérisoires : les préférences dont ils bénéficièrent se réduisirent progressivement à peu de chose, ils restèrent encore très dépendants et fortement endettés. Leur économie était toujours basée sur l’exportation des produits tropicaux et l’extraction des minerais et les termes de l’échange très déséquilibrés. / France has obtained from its partners the inclusion of the overseas territories in the Treaty of Rome which established the EEC. The goal was to maintain relations between the mainlands and the former colonies in a new context during the decolonisation.Between 1958 and 1963, the Six experienced a partnership system with third countries, particularly the African and Malgach Associated States (AMAS) which allowed to maintain particular economic ties with these sovereign states on behalf of development aid. The July 1963 Convention of Yaounde marked the will of the Six to institutionalise and coordinate their relations with African and Malgache third countries and laying the foundations of cooperation policy, consolidated by the renewal of this convention. On the commercial level, These agreements were based on mutual preferencial tariffs and quotas and financial and technical assistance.At the end of a decade of association, the development aid assessement was very poor, except for the field of education and training where an increase in schooling was witnessed in most of the AMAS, but in terms of economy, results were insignificant: the preferences they benefited from gradually decreased into little, They still remained very dependent and heavily indebted. Their economy was still based on the export of tropical products and mining and the very unbalanced terms of trade.

Em meu trabalho busquei pensar a tradução literária não no sentido convencional, isto é, no que diz respeito à literatura canônica, mas sim no contexto da literatura de aconselhamento (muitas vezes tratada como autoajuda), utilizando como corpus a tradução para o inglês do livro O Vendedor de Sonhos, de Augusto Cury (2008). Para isso, mobilizo o conceito bakhtiniano de gênero discursivo, articulando-o com o conceito de normas de Gideon Toury (2012). A noção de gênero do discurso ajuda a entender os livros de aconselhamento dentro de seus contextos de produção, recepção e circulação, em oposição a concepções menos dinâmicas como as de gênero textual e tipo textual em geral mais focadas na observação da materialidade linguística dos textos. Nesse sentido, podemos dizer que a ideia de gênero discursivo aponta para a(s) função(ões) do texto. No corpus, a identificação, a descrição e a compreensão das normas revelaram aspectos do funcionamento do gênero discursivo de aconselhamento na tradução, mostrando as especificidades do contexto de chegada na mobilização desse gênero. / My research aims at thinking literary translation not in its conventional sense (that is, with regard to canonical literature), but rather in the context of counseling literature (often referred to as self-help), analyzing the English translation of the book The Dreamseller, by Augusto Cury (2008). To this end, I employ the Bakhtinian concept of speech genre in relation to Gideon Tourys (2012) concept of norms. The concept of speech genre helps to understand counseling books within its contexts of production, reception and circulation, as opposed to less dynamic conceptions such as those of textual genre and textual type - more focused on the observation of the linguistic materiality of texts. In this sense, we can say that the idea of speech genre points to the function(s) of the text in the target system. The identification, description and understanding of translational norms revealed operational aspects of the speech genre of counseling in the corpus, showing the specifics of the target context in mobilizing this genre.

Neuróticos anônimos é uma associação formada por grupos de ajuda mútua que reúnem indivíduos que se consideram com problemas emocionais seguindo o Programa de recuperação de Alcoólicos Anônimos, adaptado às suas finalidades. Com base em pesqnisa etnográfica, incluindo a observação participante nas reuniões de três grupos localizados na cidade de São Paulo, foram caracterizadas as formas de participação, atividades dos grupos, as motivações, crenças e valores dos participantes, abordando ainda aspectos organizacionais e históricos da associação e do seu Programa. Considerando o processo de individualização em curso, esta pesquisa buscou compreender o papel desempenhado pela instituição na orientação do comportamento dos seus membros em relação às suas demandas específicas relacionadas aos problemas comuns da vida cotidiana. A partir do exame da socialização experimentada pelos participantes nos grupos, é mostrado como a participação engendra processos de identificação entre indivíduos que passam por problemas semelhantes, requerendo de cada um o envolvimento ativo e a motivação subjetiva - a formulação de um projeto para si e com outros por meio da construção autônoma de uma narrativa de vida para si mesmos. Afirma-se que o papel das instituições para os indivíduos se transformou, não mais determinando os rumos pelo qual eles devem traçar os seus destinos ao longo da vida, nem servindo para orientá-los completamente quanto aos inúmeros problemas que se colocam para eles na vida cotidiana. Isto é, os indivíduos selecionam uma dentre tantas outras instituições existentes, das quais participam e pelas quais são socializados ao longo da vida, para resolverem determinados tipos de problemas e não outros. / Neurotics Anonymous is an association formed by self-help groups bringing together individuais who consider themselves with emotional disturbances by following the Alcoholics Anonymous recovery Program adapted to your purposes. Based on ethnographic research, including participant observation conducted at the meetings of three groups located in the city of São Paulo, it was characterized forms of participation, the activities of groups, motivations, beliefs and values of the participants, also considering organizational and historical aspects of the association and its Program. Considering the ongoing process of individuation, this research sought to understand the role played by the institution in guiding the behavior of its members in relation to their specific demands related to common problems of everyday life. From the examination of socialization experienced by group participants, it is shown as the participation engenders processes of identification between individuais who go through similar problems, requiring each one the active involvement and subjective motivation - the formulation of a project for themselves and others through autonomous construction of a life narrative for themselves. It is argued that the role of institutions for individuais changed, not determining the direction in which they should draw their destinations throughout life, not serving to guide them completely as the many problems that arise for them in everyday life. That is, individuais select one among many others existing institutions, which they participate and for which they are socialized lifelong, to solve certain types of problems and not others.

Background: Self-help interventions can be useful in improving well-being and improving symptoms of low-level mental health problems. Goal-setting has also been found to be linked to well-being. In order to maximise the benefit of any goal related self-help interventions, it may be advantageous to consider for whom they may work best. Objective. The study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings relating to the efficacy of the Goal Setting and Planning (GAP) self-help intervention for improving well-being using an active control group to allow for a more carefully controlled test of GAP. In addition to this, the study aimed to examine the potential mediating effect that the intervention has via goal progress. Lastly the study aimed to investigate whether the gains in well-being associated with the GAP intervention will be greatest for individuals scoring more highly in ‘agentic’ value scores. Method. A controlled trial of 58 participants completed pre and post measures of well-being and were also led through a goal selection exercise in which they chose two goals to work towards over a five week period. Twenty-nine participants were allocated to the intervention condition which involved working through the GAP intervention in an online format to support their goal progress. The remaining 29 participants were allocated to the control group and were asked to work towards their goals without any further support. All participants were asked to provide goal attainment scores at the end of week three and at the end of week five. Results. There was no significant effect of condition on post-intervention outcome measures (p = .87, partial h2 = .02). Post measures indicated small but not significant gains in well-being across groups. Goal progress averaged across the two assessments did not differ significantly between groups. The conditions for mediation were not met therefore it was not possible to test for the mediating effects of goal progress on well-being. Lastly, moderation analysis showed that agency value scores did not significantly moderate the effectiveness of GAP in improving scores on any of the well-being measures. Conclusion: These null-findings particularly in relation to the efficacy of the GAP intervention were unexpected given significant findings in previous trials. However, the use of an active control group allowed for a more focused examination of the efficacy of the self-help components compared to previous trials. It is suggested that the goal-setting elements of GAP completed by both conditions may account for the small gains in well-being. Limitations of the current study are discussed particularly in relation to the use of a non-clinical, mainly undergraduate student sample. It is also suggested that goal-based self-help interventions may have limited use in non- clinical student populations. Ideas for future research are made including the recruitment of participants who would potentially benefit more from an intervention to improve well-being such as GAP.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-04T21:45:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabio pessoa de sa.pdf: 639587 bytes, checksum: dd40b9a42e4fa77bca19755ccf66e42b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-02 / Raciocínio Baseado em Casos (RBC) é uma técnica da Inteligência Artificial que pode ser utilizada para diagnóstico, com a finalidade de resolver problemas. Esta dissertação apresenta uma avaliação da etapa da recuperação em duas abordagens de RBC: estrutural e textual. Para a recuperação dos casos é utilizada uma base de casos existente do domínio de help-desk. Essa base de casos é modelada de acordo com as abordagens de RBC estrutural e textual. As modelagens são desenvolvidas através de fundamentos teóricos da área de RBC e da contribuição do engenheiro de conhecimento. A recuperação no RBC estrutural utiliza a base de casos estruturada na forma de pares atributo-valor. A recuperação no RBC textual utiliza uma FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) como base de casos. No RBC estrutural é utilizado o método do vizinho-mais-próximo em conjunto com a medida de similaridade denominada coeficiente de casamento simples. No RBC textual são utilizados modelos da área de Recuperação de Informação: préprocessamento do texto, pesagem de termos e uma medida de similaridade baseada no modelo de vetor.

Successful negotiation of emerging adult transitions predicts positive developmental outcomes across the lifespan. Emerging adults who have experienced childhood trauma are at increased risk for maladaptive development. The purpose of this dissertation study was to (a) provide descriptive demographic and health information about emerging adult survivors of childhood trauma seeking support from a university counseling center and (b) investigate the impact that different types of childhood trauma had on psychological symptoms and aspects of distress experienced by that population during college. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant differences in student distress based on single-type abuse, but that there would be significant differences based on the experience of polyvictimization, with multi-type abuse related to increased distress. Extant client data collected by the University of Oregon Counseling and Testing Center (UO-UCTC) were used to meet study objectives. Participants were college students, age 18-25 years, who voluntarily sought mental health services from UO-UCTC and who endorsed childhood trauma experiences on their intake paperwork. Results from descriptive, finite mixture modeling, logistic regression, chi-square, and multiple regression analyses revealed that (a) there were unique relationships between trauma type and a variety of demographic variables; (b) help-seeking emerging adults reported experiencing childhood emotional single-type abuse most frequently, with childhood emotional-physical abuse being the most commonly reported form of multi-type abuse; (c) the sample endorsed higher than typical psychological symptoms and aspects of distress both in terms of quantity and severity, with particularly elevated depression, family distress, and generalized anxiety scores; (d) a five-component solution emerged, classifying participants into five clusters of symptom reporting; however, no relationship was found between symptom cluster and childhood trauma type; (e) the probability of experiencing generalized anxiety and/or family distress was related to the type of childhood trauma experienced; and (f) the severity of generalized anxiety and/or family distress that participants reported was significantly related to the type of childhood trauma they experienced. Findings highlight the importance of contextualizing current abuse typologies and assessing multi-type abuse. Recommendations for expanding definitions of trauma and providing care to emerging adult survivors of childhood trauma on college campuses are discussed.

Urininkontinens är inte en sjukdom i sig utan ett symtom på bakomliggande orsaker. Att bli inkontinent kan ha flera olika förklaringar, men ofta är behandlingsmöjligheterna goda. Att vara urininkontinent kan bland annat innebära en stor negativ påverkan på livskvaliteten, utgöra en form av begränsning, vara en stor skam samt innebära att inte ha kontroll över sin kropp. Urininkontinensen är ett vanligt problem där många personer förblir obehandlade. Vi söker en bättre förståelse för bakomliggande hinder som påverkar personers val att söka vård. Med bättre förståelse för varför dessa personer inte söker hjälp kan sjuksköterskan bättre nå ut och möta deras behov. Detta arbete skall belysa hinder till att personer väljer att inte söka vård vid urininkontinens och bygger på den forskningsmodell som kallas att bidra till evidensbaserad omvårdnad med grund i analys av kvalitativ forskning. Till denna modell valdes en kvalitativ analysmetod, där analysmaterialet utgjordes av åtta artiklar.Ur analysen framkom sex teman som utgör hinder för personer att söka vård; ”Attityder till urininkontinens”, ”Skam och genans”, ”Ej vara till besvär”, ”Rädsla för behandling/undersökning”, ”Kommunikationsbrister” samt ”Kulturkrock”. Vissa teman byggs upp av subteman. Diskussionen utgörs av reflektioner kring personers attityder till sin kropp med stigande ålder, personers upplevelser av skam som hinder, kunskapsbrister som hinder samt att ej vara till besvär. / Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning

Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaf 92. / by Alva Tabor III. / M.Arch.

Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma proposta de critério para a construção de faixas adicionais em rodovias com longos declives. A proposta contempla três aspectos: 1-) Elaboração de um programa de computador que permita calcular a temperatura do sistema de freios de qualquer veículo que esteja operando em qualquer ponto de uma rampa descendente, conhecidas as características do veículo, da massa transportada, da velocidade desenvolvida pelo veículo e da rampa em questão (comprimento e declividade). Em outras palavras: o programa permite gerar as curvas de desempenho para qualquer veículo de carga, em qualquer trecho de descida de uma rodovia; 2-) Determinação da redução de velocidade para caminhões nos trechos estudados; e 3-) Cálculo da porcentagem de veículos de carga no fluxo total de veículos que utilizam a rodovia, valor esse que viabilize economicamente a construção de faixas auxiliares. Esta dissertação aborda mais profundamente o primeiro aspecto da proposta. Os outros dois, devido à sua complexidade, são sugeridos como tema para trabalhos futuros. De posse do programa computacional, o mesmo foi utilizado para simular o comportamento da frota de veículos de carga brasileiros, em greides com comprimento variável de 1.000 a 12.000 metros e inclinações que variam de 1 a 12%. Também foi verificado o impacto da aplicação da resolução 777/93 do CONTRAN - que regulamenta o desempenho e o sistema de freios dos veículos de carga - na frota brasileira de veículos de carga. Os resultados obtidos indicam, além da importância de uma legislação adequada para o tema, uma urgente renovação ou adequação da frota brasileira de veículos de carga, haja visto que grande parte da mesma, por possuir uma elevada idade média, não atinge os requisitos mínimos para circular pelas rodovias brasileiras sem comprometimento das condições de segurança, dirigibilidade, estabilidade e desempenho. / This master thesis presents a criteria\'s proposal to construction of auxiliary lanes in roads with long and steep downgrades. The proposal contemplates three aspects: 1-) Elaboration of a computer\'s program that allows to obtain the brake system\'s temperature of any heavy truck performing at any point of a long and steep downgrade. It\'s necessary to know the truck\'s brake characteristics, the brake-motor power, the total mass transported, the vehicles\'speed and the downhill characteristics (length and percent). With this data, the program calculates the performance curves of brazilian trucks, regarding brakes\'system\'s termical aspects; 2-) Determination of the maximum speed reduction of slow trucks on downhill; and, 3-) Estimation of minimum downgrade traffic flow rates and truck percents that would warrant the construction of declivity help lanes, from costs-effectiveness approach. This master thesis broaches more profundity the first proposal\'s aspects. The aspects two and three, due to its complexity, are suggested to be future studies\'object. The computational program developed in this work was used to simulate the performance of brazilian\'s fleet heavy truck in declivities with lengths from 1.000 till 12.000 meters and declivity that vary from 1 till 12%. It was used, too, to show the impact of the resolution number 777/93 - edited by CONTRAN - applicated in the same fleet. This resolution rules ship vehicles\'brakes\'system and their performance. The obtain results denote, farther importance of a adequate legislation for the theme, a urgent renovation or adequation of brazilian\'s fleet heavy truck due to, a large part of it, with more than ten year of age, is unable to reach the minimum requisites to moving on brazilian roads and highways without implication of security, conductibility, stability and performance\'s conditions.

This thesis looks at the nature and evolution of communal responses to socio-economic problems in imperial Italy and Gaul. Ancient analysis of this topic tended to view any popular expression of discontent as the result of the moral failings of the plebs, or, somewhat more generously, as being due to poverty. These two lines of thought have had an effect on modern scholarship, shaping opinion not only on how the Roman elite viewed the general population, but also influencing and distorting our view of the actual situation. In some cases, poverty certainly was the underlying cause of unrest, as it has so often been throughout human history; to see it as the sole cause (and to imagine that the Romans perceived it to be the sole cause) is, however, an oversimplification. This thesis aims to show that a complex array of factors was responsible for those popular actions (e.g. grain riots) traditionally seen as reactions to deprivation. It will be seen that not only the socio-economic problems that caused these actions, but also the underlying customs and social mores that dictated how people reacted to these problems were manifold. In addition to showing the socio-economic complexities that dictated popular response, this thesis will show that said response could take a variety of forms, and that just as we must steer ourselves away from simplistic adages like panem et circenses when searching for a cause, we must move beyond the more sensational instances of violence, crime and unrest when looking for a response. A number of reactions, from beggary to banditry, are therefore considered, in order to show the various communal responses available to those at the lower end of the socio-economic scale. Given the vast amount of time and space covered, this thesis will explore diachronic and geographical developments in the nature of communal response. By considering the wider socio-economic developments that precipitated the various responses considered, it will be shown that there was indeed a distinct evolution in the way in which the people reacted to specific stimuli, governed by factors such as the amount of imperial contact, adherence to pre-existing social structures, and, interestingly, a growing sense of popular political involvement.