- Flexible forms of working hours This diploma thesis, in a broader context, represents the issue of flexible forms of working hours. Flexibility of working time is an important part of flexibility of labour law and also of flexibility of the whole labour market. Regulation and practical use of flexible forms of working hours are current issues and the aim of this thesis is to provide comprehensive but clear explanation of these issues. As theoretical bases, the thesis includes parts focused on selected legal principles, international and national regulation of working time and the concept of flexibility. The main part of the thesis is divided into three sections, of which the first one deals with the practical use of flexible forms of working hours, the second one presents particular forms of working hours which are regulated in the Labour Code and the third one is devoted to flexible forms of working time, regulation of which the Labour Code does not include.

Thesis is concerned with one of many regulations which affects cargo truck transport, so-called hours of service. It is restriction related to time of drivers' service. Truck transport means important part of economy as connection between companies or between company and final consumers. Aim of the work is compare regulations in European Union, Canada and USA together with their historical evolution. Differences in regulation are then explained in model transport relations. There are also analyzed individual interested groups which are influenced by these regulations. In final part of the work is looked about pro and con of existing restriction and what are the consequences of observance of the rules or even tightening up the rules.

The thesis entitled Life and Work of Fanny Neuda deals with a significant and almost forgotten writer from Lostice who lived between 1819-1894. It was Loštice that was the place of her writing, which is why the first chapter is devoted to them. This Jewish community was quite specific in its history, as discussed in the chapter. The second chapter deals with Fanny Neuda itself, her life and her "pioneering" writing activity. Since Fanny Neuda, née Schmiedl, was the world's first woman of Jewish descent, she did not write only prayers for women, but wrote a book for general opportunities / stimuli named Stunden der Andacht. Ein Gebet- und Erbauungsbuch für Israels Frauen und Jungfrauen, zur öffentlichen und häuslichen Andacht, sowie für alle Verhältnisse des weiblichen Lebens (Praha / Břeclav, 1855). She confidently compares her prayers with those written by men for women, for she is denied empathy with women's perception. But a woman can read in the hearts of her sisters.1 It is worthwhile to bring the character of Fanny Neuda and her work closer together, as well as the challenges she faced in writing in German. Pnina Navé Levinson characterized Fanny's literary work, a rabbi's rabbi, whose pious book for women can be regarded as a "classic" from the second half of the 19th century to our times....

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of overtime work and consequent entitlements for employees. It also focuses on the working hours institute in general, as the basis for determining overtime. It deals not only with the limits and conditions of overtime work, but also with overtime in different working hours regimes as well as overtime work of specific groups of employees. The aim of the thesis is to summarize the Czech legislation of the overtime institute, while evaluating the jurisprudence dealing with this issue. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter outlines the historical development not only of overtime work itself, but also of working hours as an institute directly related to overtime. In view of the Czech Republic's membership in the European Union, there can not be omitted the view of overtime work in terms of EU legislation, where Directive 2003/88 / EC is the key rule governing working hours and overtime. The second chapter deals with the working hours institute and describes the different ways of its layout. It also summarizes night work and on-call time, the legal regulations of which make it problematic, and employees often come to a dispute with employer about the uncertainty of remuneration. The third chapter deals with the overtime work itself as the...

Neste trabalho é apresentado estudo sobre a racionalização da operação numa empresa de ônibus que realiza transporte fretado de funcionérios de empresas e de escolas. O estudo consistiu no levantamento completo e detalhado dos serviços prestados pela empresa, na análise do sistema de operação empregado visando identificar possíveis estratégias para racionalização da operação sem prejuízo da qualidade, no desenvolvimento dos planos para implementação desses planos. Na primeira parte do trabalho é apresentada a fundamentação teórica do estudo, com discussão do problema da racionalização no transporte de pessoas e produtos e do conceito de qualidade e de eficiência no transporte por ônibus fretados. Também é reproduzida a legislação trabalhista em vigor (Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas - CLT e Acordo Coletivo de Trabalho da Categoria), que constitui o arcabouço legal condicionador do processo de otimização da mão de obra (motoristas). Os principais resultados do estudo de caso realizado são os seguintes: as características dos serviços prestados pela empresa afastam a possibilidade de redução da frota utilizada e da quilometragem percorrida; a possibilidade de racionalização se limita a um único canal - um melhor aproveitamento da mão de obra (motoristas), por meio da redução das horas ociosas remuneradas sem trabalho produtivo e das horas extras que são pagas com valores maiores que os das horas de trabalho normais; e os planos de racionalização da mão de obra propostos levam a benefícios econômicos significativos. / A study for the rationalization of chartered bus operation serving blue-collar workers and school children is presented in this work. The research started with a comprehensive survey of the services supplied by the company. It was followed by an analysis of the existing operation system in order to identify rationalization strategies that would not worsen the service quality. The development of implementation plans for the selected strategies were the next step of the study along with the evaluation ofthe economic benefits resulting from those plans. A theoretical framework is presented in the first part of the text, in which the problems associated with the rationalization of people and goods transportation is discussed. The concepts of effectiveness and efficacy of chartered bus transport are also treated in the same section. Next, the labor legislation in force (Consolidation of the Labor Laws - C.L.T. and Collective Agreement of the Work of the Category) is reproduced and commented. This law constitutes the legal framework that regulates the workforce optimization, including drivers. Based on the case studied, the main conclusions are: it is difficult to reduce the fleet and the distance traveled by the company due the characteristics of the services supplied - the only way to reduce costs is to make a better use of the workforce (drivers) forcing a reduction of idle and overtime paid hours, which usually have greater values than the normal working hours. Finally, the study shows that the proposed plans for the rationalization of the workforce produce significant economic benefits.

O presente trabalho tem como escopo o estudo da Portaria nº 42 de 28/03/2007 do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego que determina a redução do intervalo intrajornada por meio da negociação coletiva. O artigo 71, parágrafo 3º da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho condiciona a redução de referido intervalo ao preenchimento de determinados requisitos. Com a edição da Portaria º42, o Ministério do Trabalho delegou aos atores sociais a possibilidade de eles próprios estipularem intervalo menor do que o previsto em lei, desde que respeitadas determinadas condições, sob de pena considera-se a violação como hora extra. Para enfrentar tão fascinante tema, buscar-se-á conciliar a autonomia coletiva, importante fonte de regulamentação das relações trabalhistas, e o instituto do intervalo intrajornada, tido como de ordem publica, tanto que para o Tribunal Superior do Trabalho é inválida tal negociação (Orientação Jurisprudencial nº 342, I da Seção de Dissídios Individuais 1). / This paper aims to study the Ordinance nº. 42, 28/03/2007 of the Ministry of Labor determines that the reduction in the range intrajornada through collective bargaining. Article 71, Paragraph 3º of the Consolidation of Labor Laws affects the reduction of this interval to fill certain requirements. With the issue of Ordinance nº 42, the Ministry of Labor has delegated to social actors the opportunity to lay down their own smaller range than provided by law, provided that certain conditions, under the penalty is considered rape as overtime. To meet such a fascinating subject, the aim will be to reconcile the collective autonomy, an important source of regulation of labor relations, and the Institute of intrajornada range, believed to be of public, so that for the Superior Labor Court is invalid such negotiations (Case Law Guidance nº 342, Section I).

Tendo por teoria norteadora a Semiótica Discursiva de linha francesa analisamos o filme As horas (The Hours, Stephen Daldry, 2002), adaptação fílmica do romance homônimo de Michael Cunningham (The Hours, 1998). Embora se trate de uma adaptação intersemiótica, não fazemos aqui um estudo sobre este tema. Nosso principal objetivo é analisar o filme As horas à luz da Semiótica Discursiva, identificando os elementos intertextuais contidos no filme e desvelando o papel destes no processo de construção dos efeitos de sentido da obra. O corpus escolhido é constituído por diversos intertextos, já que se trata de uma obra baseada no romance Mrs. Dalloway (WOOLF, 2003 [1925]) e na biografia de Virginia Woolf, proporcionando assim vários níveis de leitura. Sua análise é, portanto, desafiadora, principalmente quanto ao recorte a ser adotado. O texto apresenta diferentes níveis de produção de efeitos de sentido, dependentes da competência do enunciatário em identificar remissões ou citações ali presentes. Partimos de uma análise imanente estrita ao filme baseando-nos na teoria semiótica clássica (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 2008 [1979]), na semiótica tensiva (ZILBERBERG, 2006 [1988] & FONTANILLE, 1995) e na sociossemiótica (LANDOWSKI, 2004; 2005a; 2005b) , passamos pelas questões de intratextualidade (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 1986) e de enunciação enunciada (DONDERO, 2013a; 2013b; 2014), mostrando como o filme reflete sobre si mesmo e sobre o fazer literário, adquirindo um caráter metassemiótico (KLINKENBERG, 2000), e finalizamos pela discussão sobre a intertextualidade do filme (FIORIN, 2003) e sobre sua autonomia enquanto produtor de sentido (DISCINI, 2004 [2001]). / The movie The Hours (Stephen Daldry, 2002), a filmic adaptation of the homonymous novel by Michael Cunningham (The Hours, 1998) is analyzed within the framework of Discourse Semiotics. Our main objective is the identification of the intertextual elements and the unveiling of their role in the process of construction of meaning effects deriving from the film. The chosen corpus consists of several intertexts, since it is based on Virgina Woolfs novel Mrs. Dalloway (first published in 1925) and on Woolfs biography, providing several levels of pertinence for interpretation and thus several levels of interpretation. Its analysis is, therefore, challenging, especially regarding the level of pertinence to be adopted. The text offers different levels of production of meaning effects, which depend on the competence of the enunciatee to identify references or citations. We start with an immanent analysis, i.e. strict to the movie, based on classic semiotics methodology (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 2008 [1979]) and on its most recent developments (ZILBERBERG, 2006 [1988]; FONTANILLE, 1995; LANDOWSKI, 2004; 2005a; 2005b). We also treat issues such as intratextuality (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 1986) and enunciated enunciation (DONDERO, 2013a; 2013b; 2014), showing how the movie reflects itself and the literary creation process, establishing itself as a metasemiotic object (KLINKENBERG, 2000). Finally, we discuss its intertextual figures (FIORIN, 2003) and its autonomy in the process of producing meaning (DISCINI, 2004 [2001]).

Working hours, its lenght and distribution, with the focus on part-time Abstract The thesis deals with the issue of working hours and its distribution with a special focus on part-time. The thesis also introduces the legislation of part-time in the foreign law system, particularly in the Netherlands. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the current legal regulation of working hours, its length and distribution, focusing on part-time. The thesis is divided into six chapters, which represent labor law in the system of law, historical development of working hours, sources of labor law, legal regulation of working hours and rest periods and distribution of working hours. The fifth chapter deals with labor law institutes in which part-time deviate from the set weekly working hours. The chapter defines persons that are entitled to apply for part-time or another suitable adjustment of their working hours, forms of these suitable adjustments and the interpretation of the concept of operational reasons by the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic. The thesis also describes the method of calculating and remunerating overtime work for part-time employees and the calculation of the leave of those part-time employees whose working hours are unequally spread over several working days per week. The chapter also describes...

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucia Helena Souza Doniak.pdf: 4014101 bytes, checksum: 2b159c7a002f498c853ed36139574182 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-03 / This present research is a case study of employed drivers in road freight transport in the municipality of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, and aims to identify the social and economic aspects and analyze the achievement of comprehensive working hours of these professionals after the Law n. 12.619/2012, which regulates the profession of the driver. The research of quantitative and qualitative character was made from the triangulation method, and the bibliographic and documentary allowed the systematization of theoretical and methodological framework from which the main analytical categories emerged: State, capitalism, work, occupation, wage, fight classes, salary and working hours. In the second phase of triangulation, a situational analysis was used to present the scenario that was established after the promulgation of the law, identifying key actors, the movements, the contradictions that arose from the significant event in this context understood as the enactment of law that shifted from the legislative to the society, especially for highways and for the category of professional drivers, the struggle and the class conflicts. The elements identified by the first two methods were used for the preparation of the interview questionnaire which was applied in the research field with the employed drivers. The data obtained from the interviews were collected and subsequently became the main information about the practice of professional life of the driver and also the socioeconomic profile of the professional in the city, whose information was correlated with the documentary evidence and the provisions of Law n. 12.619/2012. / A presente pesquisa é um estudo de caso dos motoristas empregados no transporte rodoviário de carga do Município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, e tem por objetivo identificar os aspectos sociais e econômicos e analisar a realização das exaustivas jornadas de trabalho desses profissionais após a entrada em vigor da Lei n. 12.619/2012, que regulamentou a profissão do motorista. A pesquisa de caráter quanti-qualitativo foi realizada a partir da triangulação de métodos, sendo que o levantamento bibliográfico e documental possibilitou a sistematização do referencial teórico-metodológico de onde emergiram as principais categorias analíticas: Estado, capitalismo, trabalho, profissão, assalariamento, luta de classes, salário, jornada de trabalho. Na segunda fase da triangulação, a análise de conjuntura foi utilizada para apresentar o cenário que se estabeleceu a partir da promulgação da lei, identificando os principais atores, os movimentos, as contradições que surgiram a partir do acontecimento significativo, entendido nesse contexto, como a promulgação da lei, que deslocou do legislativo para a sociedade, especialmente para as rodovias e para a categoria dos motoristas profissionais, a luta e os conflitos de uma classe. Os elementos identificados por meio dos dois primeiros métodos foram utilizados para elaboração do questionário de entrevista que foi aplicado na pesquisa de campo junto aos motoristas empregados. Os dados obtidos nas entrevistas foram reunidos e posteriormente transformaram-se nas principais informações sobre a práxis da vida profissional do motorista e no perfil socioeconômico do desse no município, cujas informações foram correlacionadas com os dados documentais e as disposições da Lei n. 12.619/2012.

A constituição de estudo acerca da ritmicidade biológica do indivíduo, e sua expressão social no mundo contemporâneo foi objetivo desta dissertação, ela integra as Ciências Humanas com as Ciências Biológicas. Estuda-se a construção cultural da virtude relacionada ao trabalho intenso e extenuante, faz-se isso analisando inicialmente o processo histórico na transição do feudalismo para o capitalismo mercantil até o capitalismo contemporâneo. No decorrer desta construção histórica, observa-se a inversão de valores voltados ao trabalho, que de castigo torna-se virtude. Essa transformação está associada a conflitos e revoluções de ordem religiosa e econômica. A relação trabalho-tempo se transforma de um modo de produção tradicional, no feudalismo, no qual o tempo do trabalho é o tempo da terra, é o tempo do plantar e do colher, é o tempo da natureza para uma relação trabalho-tempo ditada por salários, pelo sincronismo das máquinas, pela doutrinação religiosa, pelo controle dos horários e pela coação da lei. Essa relação trabalho-tempo que emerge no capitalismo mercantil reverbera nos dias atuais através do fenômeno ideológico moldado nos últimos quatro séculos por meio de mecanismos semelhantes, econômicos, religiosos e legais. De forma que contemporaneamente, de forma geral, se entende que quanto mais tempo se dedica ao trabalho, quanto mais cedo se acorda para trabalhar mais virtuoso é o indivíduo. Por lado quanto mais tarde se acorda para trabalhar e quanto mais se invade a noite para o lazer mais vagabundo. No entanto de uma área da Biologia surgida nos meados do século XX; a Cronobiologia, emerge o conhecimento sobre o tempo biológico que surge então como elemento adicional para se pensar o tempo e o trabalho. O tempo na cronobiologia é a integração entre o tempo dos organismos e o tempo da natureza, do dia e da noite, é o dia interior ajustado ao dia exterior. É, portanto individual, é genético e ontogênico. Os horários sociais nos quais se exerce as rotinas de trabalho nem sempre estão em harmonia com o tempo biológico o que leva parte da população a uma espécie de desarranjo temporal ou a pratica de horários não triviais como acordar nas primeiras horas da tarde, por exemplo. Imposições temporais como o horário de verão, horário de aula para alunos, turnos de trabalhos invertidos, não levam em consideração resultados de estudos de grande parte da literatura na área de cronobiologia, e resultam em consequências para a saúde da população. Assim concluímos que estigmatizar quem pratica horários incomuns ou estabelecer uma rigidez de horários nos quais se deve exercer atividades como trabalho ou dormir são construções ideológicas historicamente determinadas, as quais o saber cronobiológico descontrói, pois a compreensão do tempo biológico resulta em entender sua adaptabilidade no contexto dos horários sociais. Além disso, entende se que são necessárias Políticas Públicas relacionadas a intervenções nos horários de trabalho e educação do quotidiano que levem em consideração estes novos conhecimentos surgidos no final do século XX que terão papel preventivo em doenças contemporâneas como câncer e doenças psiquiátricas / The study of individual biological rhythmicity and its social expression in the contemporary world was objective of this dissertation, which integrates Human and Biological sciences. We have studied the cultural construction of virtue related to intense and hard work. We analyzed initially the historical process of the transition from feudalism to the mercantile capitalism and to contemporary capitalism. During this process there were an inversion of values; the work from punishment becomes virtue. This transformation is associated with conflicts and revolutions of religious and economic order. The relationship \"work-time\" changes from a traditionalist production method, in feudalism, in which working time is the time of the land, is the time of planting and harvest, is the time of nature, to a temporal relationship dictated by wages, the timing of machines, by religious indoctrination, by schedule control and enforcement of the law. This working time relationship that emerges in mercantile capitalism reverberates today through an ideological phenomenon in the last four centuries, through similar, economic, religious and legal mechanisms. Contemporaneously, in general, it is understood that the more time is devoted to work, the sooner one agrees to work more virtuous he is. On the other side who wakes up to work at noon and breaks the night for leisure is a vagabond . However an area of Biology that emerged in the mid-twentieth century, the Chronobiology, brings knowledge about the biological timing as an additional element to think about the time and work. Time in chronobiology is the integration between the time of nature day and night, and time of body , is the day inside adjusted to the day outside. It is, therefore, individual, it is genetic and ontogenetic. Social schedules and work routines are not always in harmony with the biological timing what leads people either to a kind of temporal misalignment or to practice nontrivial temporal schedules like waking up in the afternoon, for example. Time impositions for daylight saving time, class time for students, inverted shifts to workers, do not take into account the results of most studies of chronobiology literature and result in consequences for the health of the population. Thus, we can conclude that stigmatize those who practice unusual times or set a rigid schedule to carrying out activities such as work or to sleep are ideological constructions historically determined, which the knowledge in Chronobiology deconstructs since it can interpreted that the understanding of biological timing allows to understand its adaptability to social context. We also considered that public policies related to interventions in working hours and education that take into account this new knowledge that emerged in the late twentieth century in Biology will have a role in preventive medicine in contemporary diseases such as cancer and psychiatric disorders