2 pp. / Camelthorn is an invasive weed classified as a noxious weed in Arizona. The weed has the potential to cause serious damage for private landowners and their property. This fact sheet provides the means for landowners to identify and take steps to control and eliminate this weed.

As Unidades de Conservação públicas e privadas têm sido adotadas como o principal mecanismo de conservação da diversidade biológica em todo o mundo, razão pela qual é importante avaliar sua eficácia. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar a eficiência das Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural na conservação da natureza. Através de entrevistas aos proprietários de dez reservas privadas no domínio da Floresta Ombrófila Densa Atlântica, é traçado o perfil das RPPNs localizadas no Planalto Paulistano. Para caracterizar a atitude conservacionista dos proprietários é construído um Índice de Atitude Conservacionista (IAC). Este índice é composto por quatro questões relacionadas ao motivo de criação da reserva, ao uso da reserva para atividades de lazer, ao conhecimento sobre a fauna existente na reserva e ao número de parcerias voltadas ao apoio à RPPN. O diagnóstico ambiental das reservas é realizado com base nas características fisionômicas e na classificação da vegetação quanto ao estádio sucessional. A maioria das reservas foi criada com objetivos conservacionistas. Nove das reservas não possui qualquer instrumento de manejo. As principais ameaças enfrentadas pelas reservas são: caça, incêndios, falta de recursos e de apoio técnico. Mais da metade dos entrevistados apresentou valores altos para o IAC, acima da média de 4,16. Outros dois entrevistados obtiveram valores baixos, sendo que um deles obteve a pontuação mínima, igual a 0. Apesar da iniciativa comum de criar uma Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, os proprietários das reservas se diferenciam no nível de afetividade com a mata e o conhecimento que têm sobre seus atributos naturais. O nível de escolaridade, o tempo de posse e o tempo de moradia na zona rural foram os fatores relacionados com a atitude conservação dos proprietários. De maneira geral, as reservas estudadas apresentam-se como fragmentos florestais restritos a Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) ao longo de corpos d\'água. Também apresentam áreas de reflorestamento com espécies exóticas. Na maioria das RPPNs avaliadas foi observada a presença de espécies com características invasoras e em alguns casos percebe-se sua interferência na dinâmica dos ecossistemas nativos. A atitude conservacionista dos proprietários não corresponde à qualidade ambiental das reservas. A ausência de critérios técnicos na definição de áreas para criação de RPPNs gera reservas degradadas e, por isso, deve-se procurar melhorar a sua qualidade para fins da conservação e minimizar os fatores de degradação. / The public and private natural protected areas have been adopted as the main mechanism to conserve biological diversity in the whole world, that important to evaluate its effectiveness. The present study has for objective to evaluate the efficiency of the Private Reserves of Natural Heritage - RPPN of the São Paulo State on nature conservation. Through interviews to the owners of ten private reserves located in the west portion of São Paulo city, the profile of the RPPNs located in the São Paulo Atlantic Plateau is described. To characterize the conservation attitudes of the owners, an Index of Conservation Attitude (IAC) is constructed. This index is composed of four questions related to the reason to create the reserve, to the use of the reserve for leisure activities, to the knowledge of the existing fauna in the reserve and to the number of partnerships that support the RPPN. The environmental diagnosis of the reserves is carried out based on the structure characteristics and on the classification of the forest successional stage. Most of reserves were created for conservationist purpose. Nine of ten reserves have no management instruments. The main threats that the reserves are under were: hunt, fire, lack of resources and support. More than half of the interviewed owners presented high values for the IAC, above of the average of 4,16. Two interviewees got low values, and one of them got the minimum punctuation, equals to 0. Although the common initiative to create a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, the landowners are different on the level of affection with the forest and the knowledge that they have about its natural attributes. The level of education, the time of ownership and the time of housing in the agricultural zone were the factors related to the conservationist attitude of the owners. Broadly speaking, the studied reserves are forest fragments restricted to the Permanent Protected Areas (APP) along rivers. They also have reforestation areas with exotic species. In the majority of the RPPNs evaluated the presence of species with invading characteristics was detected, and in some cases its interference in the dynamics of native ecosystems is perceived. The conservation attitude of the owners does not correspond to the environmental quality of the reserves. The absence of technical criteria on defining areas for creation of RPPNs generates degraded reserves. Therefore the improvement of their habitat quality must be looked for as well as the degradation factors must be reduced.

The wind power increase of Gotland as well as other parts of Sweden during the last ten year period has meant that this renewable energy source has increased its share over other fossil sources. The year of 2011 became the first when the wind power produced more energy than an average nuclear reactor. Now that wind power is in an expansive phase, the land issue will be of great interest. Land with good wind resources will be of interest to wind energy developers.  The problems that this essay is based on are; how can landowners altering the economic conditions at a wind power establishment? What opportunities and obstacles exist for landowners who choose to set up wind power on their land? The purpose of this essay is to highlight the economic conditions that exist for landowners for the establishment of wind farms, with regard to compensation for the leasing and return on invested capital. The authors will also clarify the difficulties and opportunities arising from the process at an imaginary wind power establishment, which have emerged through interviews and research articles. The primary sources consist of interviews with actors for a planned wind farm in southeast Gotland, as well as representatives of a trade association of companies working with wind power. Interviews were also made with a bank, where the experience in question funding for wind energy has been important for our problem as well with a wind turbine manufacturer for real facts about wind turbines.  Landowner’s interest in wind energy as a long term investment has in Lau on Gotland resulted in a project where local landowners have chosen to form a joint company to invest in a wind farm, with the goal that the park generally will be owned by local residents in the parish. Conclusions to be drawn from this study is that landowners who form a joint company, in this case Lau Wind AB will open an opportunity for landowners to take a larger share of the ownership and profits as wind power turbines on their land supplies. But also for locals who have opportunity to become owners of the wind through the purchase of shares in wind farm.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Forestry. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

The Golden Square Mile is well known as the historic domain of Montreal's anglophone elite. Its idyllic setting on the mountainside, overlooking the city and the St Lawrence River, was a natural magnet for wealthy nineteenth-century families, just as it had been in the days of fur traders such as James McGill. As an urban environment, however, the Golden Square Mile was far more complicated than the sum of its mansions. Despite a long history of habitation by gentlemen farmers, the "GSM" took shape only as of mid-century, accompanying the rise of capitalist institutions and the middle classes. Furthermore, it was the result of a considerable amount of planning and salesmanship, which made fortunes for some landowners and speculators even before the first mansions appeared. The anglophone, Protestant character of the area also had to be encouraged, reflecting a growing cultural dichotomy within Montreal society. This thesis considers the Golden Square Mile within the context of urban history: it is a study of town planning, land ownership, architecture, and social geography. It also considers the built environment as a venue for broader social and cultural change.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for protecting critical resplendent quetzal habitat on private lands bordering the south-western edge of the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica. First, a habitat analysis was made of 12 forest patches using a 10% strip method to obtain an importance value for the Lauraceae fed on by the resplendent quetzal. Second, a landowner survey was conducted using a structured interview questionnaire to determine landowner attitudes, and the possible factors influencing these attitudes, towards forested land, wildlife, the resplendent quetzal and potential habitat protection incentives. Significant differences were found between forest patch importance values for the Lauraceae suggesting that for conservation purposes careful forest patch selection is important. Most landowners were found to value their forested land more than their land under other uses and to favor technical forest management assistance over leasing. If funding can be made available there is a good chance that resplendent quetzal habitat can be adequately protected and managed through providing assistance to those landowners with the most critical forest patches. / Department of Natural Resources

Dabarties eilėraščiui ypač reikšminga kultūrinė žanro atmintis. Ji teikia papildomų prasmių. XXI amžiuje lyrikos žanrinis skirstymas nebėra aktualus. Labai dažnai sumaišomi gyvi ir nebegyvi žanrų elementai. Tačiau XX amžiuje buvo rašytojų, kurie pasirinkdavo vieną ar kitą žanrą, arba – bent jau žanro elementus savo poezijai. Tokie turinio ir formos elementai būdavo apjungiami į moderniąją visumą. Moderniosios lietuvių literatūros ištakos – Vakarų Europos literatūros tendencijų plėtotė XX amžiaus vidurio lietuvių prozoje ir poezijoje. Šiuo laikotarpiu Lietuvoje susiformavo ir Vakarų Europoje subrendo poetų žemininkų karta – poetų karta, kurios kūrybai įtaką darė ne tik Lietuvos kultūrinis modernizmas, bet ir Europos literatūros ištakos bei moderniausioji Vakarų Europos kultūra. Jonas Mekas yra retai analizuojamas literatūrinės kritikos. Poeto lyrika nagrinėta prarasto rojaus, gamtos kaitos, laiko ir erdvės įvaizdžių aspektais. Jo poezija, kaip pažymi kritikai savo straipsniuose, įtvirtino naują daiktiškumą. Iš keturių idilių laidų daugiausia dėmesio sulaukė 1955 metų laida. Pasirodžius šiam leidimui savo kritinį požiūrį Henrikas Nagys pateikia 1957 metų Literatūros lankų laikraštyje. / The literary searching of the 20th century Lithuania’s poets lead to the modern changes of the genre. In Jonas Mekas’ ‘Semeniskiu idiles’ lyrical subject is divided into subject-speaker and subject-observer. In ‘Semeniskiu idiles’ the time consists of two parts. The big circle of time belongs to the subject-speaker and it is his journey of one year in ‘lost paradise’ cycle of nature. The speaker using his senses and memory becomes the observer in the small circle of time. The space consists of two parts in ‘Semeniskiu idiles’. The big circle of space is the view which is seen by lyrical subject. In the small circle of space the lyrical subject-observer using his senses pays attention to concrete objects. Jonas Mekas can be named as the landowners.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1938. / Bibliography: p. 141-145.

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. / Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix reproduces five published papers and submitted manuscripts, four co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.

As Unidades de Conservação públicas e privadas têm sido adotadas como o principal mecanismo de conservação da diversidade biológica em todo o mundo, razão pela qual é importante avaliar sua eficácia. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar a eficiência das Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural na conservação da natureza. Através de entrevistas aos proprietários de dez reservas privadas no domínio da Floresta Ombrófila Densa Atlântica, é traçado o perfil das RPPNs localizadas no Planalto Paulistano. Para caracterizar a atitude conservacionista dos proprietários é construído um Índice de Atitude Conservacionista (IAC). Este índice é composto por quatro questões relacionadas ao motivo de criação da reserva, ao uso da reserva para atividades de lazer, ao conhecimento sobre a fauna existente na reserva e ao número de parcerias voltadas ao apoio à RPPN. O diagnóstico ambiental das reservas é realizado com base nas características fisionômicas e na classificação da vegetação quanto ao estádio sucessional. A maioria das reservas foi criada com objetivos conservacionistas. Nove das reservas não possui qualquer instrumento de manejo. As principais ameaças enfrentadas pelas reservas são: caça, incêndios, falta de recursos e de apoio técnico. Mais da metade dos entrevistados apresentou valores altos para o IAC, acima da média de 4,16. Outros dois entrevistados obtiveram valores baixos, sendo que um deles obteve a pontuação mínima, igual a 0. Apesar da iniciativa comum de criar uma Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, os proprietários das reservas se diferenciam no nível de afetividade com a mata e o conhecimento que têm sobre seus atributos naturais. O nível de escolaridade, o tempo de posse e o tempo de moradia na zona rural foram os fatores relacionados com a atitude conservação dos proprietários. De maneira geral, as reservas estudadas apresentam-se como fragmentos florestais restritos a Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) ao longo de corpos d\'água. Também apresentam áreas de reflorestamento com espécies exóticas. Na maioria das RPPNs avaliadas foi observada a presença de espécies com características invasoras e em alguns casos percebe-se sua interferência na dinâmica dos ecossistemas nativos. A atitude conservacionista dos proprietários não corresponde à qualidade ambiental das reservas. A ausência de critérios técnicos na definição de áreas para criação de RPPNs gera reservas degradadas e, por isso, deve-se procurar melhorar a sua qualidade para fins da conservação e minimizar os fatores de degradação. / The public and private natural protected areas have been adopted as the main mechanism to conserve biological diversity in the whole world, that important to evaluate its effectiveness. The present study has for objective to evaluate the efficiency of the Private Reserves of Natural Heritage - RPPN of the São Paulo State on nature conservation. Through interviews to the owners of ten private reserves located in the west portion of São Paulo city, the profile of the RPPNs located in the São Paulo Atlantic Plateau is described. To characterize the conservation attitudes of the owners, an Index of Conservation Attitude (IAC) is constructed. This index is composed of four questions related to the reason to create the reserve, to the use of the reserve for leisure activities, to the knowledge of the existing fauna in the reserve and to the number of partnerships that support the RPPN. The environmental diagnosis of the reserves is carried out based on the structure characteristics and on the classification of the forest successional stage. Most of reserves were created for conservationist purpose. Nine of ten reserves have no management instruments. The main threats that the reserves are under were: hunt, fire, lack of resources and support. More than half of the interviewed owners presented high values for the IAC, above of the average of 4,16. Two interviewees got low values, and one of them got the minimum punctuation, equals to 0. Although the common initiative to create a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, the landowners are different on the level of affection with the forest and the knowledge that they have about its natural attributes. The level of education, the time of ownership and the time of housing in the agricultural zone were the factors related to the conservationist attitude of the owners. Broadly speaking, the studied reserves are forest fragments restricted to the Permanent Protected Areas (APP) along rivers. They also have reforestation areas with exotic species. In the majority of the RPPNs evaluated the presence of species with invading characteristics was detected, and in some cases its interference in the dynamics of native ecosystems is perceived. The conservation attitude of the owners does not correspond to the environmental quality of the reserves. The absence of technical criteria on defining areas for creation of RPPNs generates degraded reserves. Therefore the improvement of their habitat quality must be looked for as well as the degradation factors must be reduced.