Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur resemotivet i Odysséen respektive The Lord of the Rings bidrar till att konstruera de manliga huvudkaraktärernas roll som maskulina hjältar. Genom en jämförelse mellan Odysseus och Frodo är syftet även att säga någonting om synen på maskulinitet i deras samtid. Det som blir tydligt är att maskulinitet och hjälteskap inte är lika synonyma i The Lord of the Rings som i Odysséen. Odysseus är en reflektion av den hegemoniska maskuliniteten i sin samtid; såväl hans maskulinitet och heroiska drag bygger på ära, hämnd, aggressivitet, rationalitet och kontroll. Odysséen har bidragit till att upprätthålla det antika Greklands syn på maskulinitet. I The Lord of the Rings är Frodo ett exempel på hur en hjälte inte behöver vara maskulin i samma bemärkelse. Hans vänskap med Sam visar att även feminina drag stämmer in på en modernare hjälte. Han behöver inte vara aggressiv eller ärelysten, utan hans mentala mod att kunna offra sig för någonting större än honom själv är en del av hans hjälteskap. I The Lord of the Rings är den traditionella hjälterollen, som Odysséen delvis har lagt grunden för, istället uppdelad mellan olika karaktärer.

The level of brutality and violence against children abducted and forcefully conscripted by the Lord¿s Resistance Army (LRA) in northern Uganda pricked the conscience of humanity. The suffering of the people in northern Uganda was described by Jan Egeland, the former United Nations Under- Secretary for Humanitarian Affairs, as ¿the biggest forgotten humanitarian crisis in the world¿. This study is primarily concerned with the plight of child soldiers in northern Uganda and how their effective reintegration and rehabilitation (RR) could lead to successful peacebuilding. The study is premised on the hypothesis that ¿the promotion of the RR of former child soldiers by providing psychosocial support based on traditional and indigenous resources may contribute to conditions of peace and stability in northern Uganda.¿ The main contribution of this research is that it explores the relevance of psychosocial support based on the traditional and indigenous resources to the RR of child soldiers and peacebuilding of war-torn societies. Psychosocial support based on traditional and indigenous resources as an element of peacebuilding has been the neglected element of peacebuilding by the liberal peacebuilding interventions in most war-torn societies. For example, while traditional and indigenous resources in northern Uganda have been instrumental in the RR of former child soldiers, most scholars and policy makers have largely paid attention to the usual official government and United Nations structured top-down interventions that emphasize Western approaches of peacebuilding. More so, the official approaches have tended to marginalize the plight of former child soldiers in the reconstruction and peacebuilding of northern Uganda. Yet, failing to pay sufficient attention to effective RR of child soldiers could undermine the peace dividends already achieved in northern Uganda. The study also analyses the limitations of psychosocial support based on traditional and indigenous resources in the RR of former child soldiers. It further examines why Western approaches of psychosocial support in the RR of child soldiers have remained in use in spite of the criticisms levelled against them. The study examines other peacebuilding interventions, both official and unofficial, that have been implemented in northern Uganda. In terms of key findings, the study establishes that traditional and indigenous resources are still popular and have been widely used in northern Uganda in the RR of child soldiers. Majority of former child soldiers who were interviewed observed that they found traditional and indigenous resources more helpful than the Western models of psychosocial support. However, it was also established that there is a significant section of former child soldiers who found Western models more relevant in their RR processes. Based on these findings, the study recommends an integrative and holistic model of psychosocial support that blends good elements from both traditional and indigenous resources and Western approaches with greater emphasis on the former. / Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE)

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In an interview with Hy Bender, Neil Gaiman states, "We have the right, and the obligation, to tell old stories in our own ways, because they are our stories." While fantasy stands apart from other types of fiction, it still provides a particular kind of commentary on the culture/time it is being created in, often by toying with older themes and conventions. Stories of the quest for kingship tend to fall by the wayside in favor of the "unlikely hero" tale. While the king's story is not always vastly different from that of the hero, there are some key points that need to be taken into consideration. Unlike many heroes, especially in the modern sense, kings (whether recognized at first or not) are born for the duty they must eventually fulfill. A hero may be unaware of the problem at first or later reluctant to engage it; more often than not in tales of kingship there is a deep awareness of the problem and the knowledge of their potential in solving it. There is always a sense of inherent purpose and destiny: they must undertake quests in order to legitimize themselves and their power — their right to rule. These stories bear a similar structure and shared themes that can be found in medieval sources as well as earlier myths. Tales of kingship in modern fiction, specifically in the work of Neil Gaiman (The Sandman) and George R. R. Martin (A Game of Thrones), are similar to the medieval models, as kingship and the requirements of kingship were popular themes in medieval texts, including Beowulf and King Horn. The role of the king in epic tales varies from hero to villain, at times even occupying both roles depending on the story. In the tales explored herein and in much of the medieval source material that inspired the fantasy tradition, the king also takes on the role of healer. The interwoven plots of George R. R. Martin's A Song of Fire and Ice series revolve around the struggle for the rightful rule over seven kingdoms, and while the protagonist in The Sandman is in many ways vastly different from Tolkien's Aragorn, the character still exists with a sense of purpose, responsibility, and duty; a regal bearing that does not necessarily occur in the majority of typical heroes. The influence of Tolkien's work both as a scholar and an author is apparent in Gaiman's use of mythology and Martin's style of world creation; both authors have admitted their creative debt to and continuing admiration of Tolkien's style of fantasy. It is impossible to discuss modern fantasy without acknowledging Tolkien as an influence to these two more recent authors. This paper will discuss The Lord of the Rings as a bridge between modern fantasy and medieval/mythological sources. In each of these modern fantasy tales of kingship, healing and reunion become major themes, tied into the right/duty of a ruler. The patterns established by medieval tales are used by modern authors to create fantasy kings, giving their narratives legitimacy that may have been difficult to establish without these patterns and links back to the medieval tradition. / Master of Arts

[pt] Entre os vários corpora do Novo Testamento, dá-se especial destaque ao corpus joanino, por ser o único com vários gêneros literários: Evangelho, cartas e Apocalipse. O Evangelho, mesmo com suas diferenças de estilo, simbologia, cronologia, geografia, vocabulário e teologia, oferece o bloco temático da ressurreição (Jo 20), contendo relatos das aparições do ressuscitado. Nesta pesquisa, ressalta-se a aparição de Jesus ressuscitado, em Jo 20,24-29, e evidencia-se a profissão de fé de Tomé (v.28), analisando-a em sua base veterotestamentária (Sl 35(34),23), mediante um levantamento histórico dos exegetas, utilizando-se, também, do processo da Análise da Crítica Textual, nos âmbitos literários, semânticos e morfológicos, como também dos elementos retóricos e do emprego do método da Análise Retórica Bíblica Semítica, finalizando com um comentário exegético-teológico da referida perícope. / [en] Among the various corpora of the New Testament, special emphasis is given to the Johannine corpus, as it is the only one with several literary genres: gospel, letters and apocalypse. The Gospel, even with its differences in style, symbolism, chronology, geography, vocabulary and theology, offers the thematic block of the resurrection (Jn 20), containing reports of the appearances of the Risen one. In this research, the appearance of the resurrected Jesus in John 20:24-29 stands out, highlighting Thomas s profession of faith (v.28), analyzing it in its Old Testament basis (Ps 35(34):23), through a historical survey with scholars, also using the process of textual critical analysis, in the literary, semantic and morphological spheres, as well as rhetorical elements and the use of the Semitic Biblical Rhetorical Analysis method, ending with an exegetical-theological commentary on the mentioned pericope.

In this essay, J.R.R. Tolkien´s novel The Hobbit is analysed from an Ecocritical perspective. How environments/places are described, and what meaning can be attributed to these places is analysed using second wave ecocritical theory. This means that the relationship between what is seen as human and what is seen as non-human isdiscussed in relation to meaning and agency. The main theme of the novel is a journey, and there is a reoccurring motif of longing which forms a framework of safety against which the dangerous journey through the Wild is contrasted. This framework has been used to decide which scenes to analyse. Further, Buell´s theory of place-connectednessis used to describe the relationship between the characters and the places. The placeconnectedness affects how meaning is created in the interaction between the human and the non-human. Lastly, a previous essay using an ecocritical framework is LoboJansson´s Master´s thesis “Lord of the Rings, Lord of Nature: A PostcolonialEcocritical Study of J.R.R Tolkien´s The Lord of the Rings and Its Implications in the EFL Classroom.”. One suggestion for further research in the thesis is to apply an ecocritical framework to other books by Tolkien, such as Silmarillion or The Hobbit(47-48). One aim of this essay is therefore to answer the question whether the environmental descriptions in The Hobbit can indicate the environmental concerns described in Lobo Jansson´s study.

This dissertation is a historical evaluation of the movement of the English courts from the doctrine of pith and marrow to the Catnic test in the determination of non-textual infringement of patents. It considers how and why the doctrine was replaced with the Catnic test. It concludes that this movement occurred as a result of the adoption by a group of judges of literalism in the construction of patents while another group dissented and maintained the correct application of the doctrine. Although the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords initially approved the literalist approach, they, after realising its untennability, adopted the dissenters’ approach, but, ultimately, adopted the Catnic test in which features of the dissenters’ approach were included. The dissertation concludes that the doctrine of pith and marrow, correctly applied, should have been retained as the Catnic test creates uncertainty and confusion. / Mercantile Law / LL.M.