Spelling suggestions: "subject:"ehe nursery school"" "subject:"hhe nursery school""
11 |
Pedagogernas påverkan ur ett genusperspektiv : En kvalitativ studie om hur pedagogerna påverkar barnen ur ett genusperspektiv i förskolan / The influence of educationalists from a sex perspective : A qualitative study on how educationalists affect children from a gender perspective in nursery school.Anrell Forsell, Marie January 2009 (has links)
<p><strong>Syfte </strong>Syftet med denna studie har varit att observera pedagoger i förskolan avseende hur deras bemötande påverkar barnen ur ett köns-/genusperspektiv. Frågeställningarna som studien varit grundad på är: <em>Bemöter förskolans pedagoger barnen i förskolan olika ur ett genus-/könsperspektiv? På vilket sätt är i så fall bemötandet olika? Hur är förskolans miljö uppbyggd ur ett genus-/könsperspektiv? Hur anser en förälder till ett barn som avviker från den traditionella könsnormen att deras barn har bemötts av förskolans pedagoger?</em></p><p><strong>Metod </strong>Metoden har varit en kvalitativ undersökning där jag observerat några pedagoger på tre olika förskolor. Jag har också intervjuat en förälder till ett barn i förskolan som anser att hennes barn avviker från genusnormen. Jag har använt mig av olika genusteorier för att kunna analysera mina observationer och min intervju. Jag har också använt mig av tidigare jämställdhetsprojekt på andra förskolor då jag gjort min analys.</p><p><strong>Resultat </strong>Resultatet visar att det finns ett fåtal skillnader i hur pedagogerna bemöter barnen i de olika förskolorna. Det finns inga verbala skillnader, alltså skillnad på ordval eller tonval då barnen tilltalas. De små skillnader som finns är i själva bemötandet, alltså hur barnen bemöts. Föräldraintervjun resulterade i ett solskensexempel på hur pedagoger kan arbeta på ett genusmedvetet sätt.</p> / <p><strong>Purpose </strong>The purpose of this study has been to observe educationalists in the nursery school with attention to how their treatment affects the children from a sex-/gender perspective. The issues that the study has been based on are: <em>Treats the nursery school's educationalists the children in the nursery school different from a genus-/sex perspective? In which way is the treatment different? How is the nursery school's environment edified from a genus-/sex perspective? How considers a parent to a child that deviates from the traditional sex standard that their children have been treated of the nursery school's educationalists?</em></p><p><strong>Method </strong>The method has been a qualitative survey where I observed some educationalists on three different nursery schools. I have also interviewed a parent to a child in a nursery school that considers that her children deviate from the gender normative. I have used myself of different gender theories in order to analyze my observations and the interview. I have also used myself of earlier equality projects on other nursery schools than the ones I have used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results </strong>The result shows that there are few differences in how educationalists treat the children in the different nursery schools. There are no verbal differences, in other words difference on word choices or intonation choice when the children are addressed. There are small differences in how the children are treated, in other words how the educationalists behave when addressing the children. The interview with the parent resulted in an excellent example of how educationalists can work in a gender aware way.</p>
|
12 |
Pedagogernas påverkan ur ett genusperspektiv : En kvalitativ studie om hur pedagogerna påverkar barnen ur ett genusperspektiv i förskolan / The influence of educationalists from a sex perspective : A qualitative study on how educationalists affect children from a gender perspective in nursery school.Anrell Forsell, Marie January 2009 (has links)
Syfte Syftet med denna studie har varit att observera pedagoger i förskolan avseende hur deras bemötande påverkar barnen ur ett köns-/genusperspektiv. Frågeställningarna som studien varit grundad på är: Bemöter förskolans pedagoger barnen i förskolan olika ur ett genus-/könsperspektiv? På vilket sätt är i så fall bemötandet olika? Hur är förskolans miljö uppbyggd ur ett genus-/könsperspektiv? Hur anser en förälder till ett barn som avviker från den traditionella könsnormen att deras barn har bemötts av förskolans pedagoger? Metod Metoden har varit en kvalitativ undersökning där jag observerat några pedagoger på tre olika förskolor. Jag har också intervjuat en förälder till ett barn i förskolan som anser att hennes barn avviker från genusnormen. Jag har använt mig av olika genusteorier för att kunna analysera mina observationer och min intervju. Jag har också använt mig av tidigare jämställdhetsprojekt på andra förskolor då jag gjort min analys. Resultat Resultatet visar att det finns ett fåtal skillnader i hur pedagogerna bemöter barnen i de olika förskolorna. Det finns inga verbala skillnader, alltså skillnad på ordval eller tonval då barnen tilltalas. De små skillnader som finns är i själva bemötandet, alltså hur barnen bemöts. Föräldraintervjun resulterade i ett solskensexempel på hur pedagoger kan arbeta på ett genusmedvetet sätt. / Purpose The purpose of this study has been to observe educationalists in the nursery school with attention to how their treatment affects the children from a sex-/gender perspective. The issues that the study has been based on are: Treats the nursery school's educationalists the children in the nursery school different from a genus-/sex perspective? In which way is the treatment different? How is the nursery school's environment edified from a genus-/sex perspective? How considers a parent to a child that deviates from the traditional sex standard that their children have been treated of the nursery school's educationalists? Method The method has been a qualitative survey where I observed some educationalists on three different nursery schools. I have also interviewed a parent to a child in a nursery school that considers that her children deviate from the gender normative. I have used myself of different gender theories in order to analyze my observations and the interview. I have also used myself of earlier equality projects on other nursery schools than the ones I have used for analysis. Results The result shows that there are few differences in how educationalists treat the children in the different nursery schools. There are no verbal differences, in other words difference on word choices or intonation choice when the children are addressed. There are small differences in how the children are treated, in other words how the educationalists behave when addressing the children. The interview with the parent resulted in an excellent example of how educationalists can work in a gender aware way.
|
13 |
Genusmedvetenhet i förskolan : Pedagogers genusmedvetenhet i dagliga arbetsituationer inom förskolan / Gender awareness in preschoolSöderberg, Zandra January 2011 (has links)
My purpose with this study is to examine whether or how teachers are gender-conscious in preschool everyday situations. That is, if they are aware of their attitude and treatment of work on gender and what gender concept has relevance for educators. In much of the practical literature that I read, it appears that many teachers are not aware of their responses and attitudes to children based on gender aspect. I have examined how the gender work differs in the two preschools that I chosen to study.The questions that this study is based on is Does the educators at the preschools work gender conscious in everyday situations?-Is it boys or girls who get the most attention from educators in everyday situations? What do the teachers at the preschool concept of gender? What approach have been the teachers of preschool to counteract traditional gender patterns in everyday situations? I have made a qualitative study where I interviewed five educators and made observations on the two preschools. In order to obtain a result, I have processed the interviews and observations, and linked to the theory and the research.The results show that the teachers at the two preschools have different knowledge about gender and work on it in preschools. Educators' awareness of the work varies depending on knowledge and past experience.
|
14 |
Ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socialinių įgūdžių ugdymas / The formation of the social abilities of the preschool childrenVasiliauskienė, Kristina 14 June 2013 (has links)
Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamas ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socialinių įgūdžių ugdymas Radviliškio vaikų lopšelyje – darželyje. Tyrimui atlikti pasirinkta neatsitiktinė, netikimybinė tikslinė informantų – vaikų lopšelio –darželio auklėtojų bei priešmokyklinės grupės pedagogų – imtis. Ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socialinių įgūdžių ugdymo tyrimas grindžiamas respondentų savanoriškumo ir perduodamos informacijos objektyvumo principais. Apklausos interviu metodu metu stengtasi atsakyti į tokius probleminius klausimus: Ar darželyje skatinamas ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų savęs pažinimas? Kaip darželyje sukuriamos sąlygos ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikams įgyti ir plėtoti bendravimo gebėjimus? Kokiais metodais darželyje ugdomi vaikų socialiniai įgūdžiai? Ar į ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socialinių įgūdžių ugdymą įtraukiami ir vaikų šeimos nariai? Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad Ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socialinių įgūdžių ugdymui lopšelyje –darželyje skiriamas didelis dėmesys. Socialinių įgūdžių ugdymas šioje įstaigoje diferencijuojamas atsižvelgiant į vaikų amžių, vaikų turimus socialinius įgūdžius ir kitas aplinkybes. Į ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų socialinių įgūdžių ugdymą įtraukiami vaikų tėvai ir kiti šeimų nariai, šioje srityje bendradarbiaujama ir su vietiniais partneriais, ir su partneriais iš užsienio valstybių, konsultuojamasi su reikalingais specialistais. / The research work analyzes the formation of the social abilities of the preschool children in Radviliškis nursery-school. Not fortuitous and probabilistic objective informant sample – the educators and preschool teachers of Radviliškis nursery–school is chosen for the research. The research of the formation of the social abilities of the preschool children is based on the principles of voluntariness of the respondents and the objectivity of the information transferred. The method of interview enabled to answer the following questions. Is self–cognition stimulated in the nursery–school? What methods help gain and develop communicative skills of the preschool children in the nursery–school? What methods help form the social abilities of the children? Are the members of the families are involved in the formation of the social abilities of the preschool children? The research showed that a great importance to the formation of the social abilities of the preschool children is attached in the nursery–school. The formation of the social abilities is differentiated according to the age, the available social abilities and other factors. Parents and other family members are involved in the formation of the social abilities. Local and foreign partners collaborate. Professional recommendations are used in this sphere too.
|
15 |
Avaliação na creche: subsídios teórico-práticos a partir da análise de documentos do MEC (2000-2015) / Nursery school evaluation: the theorical-practical subsidies based on the MEC analyzed documents (2000-2015)Oliveira, Daniele Ramos de [UNESP] 24 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by DANIELE RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA (unespdaniele@gmail.com) on 2017-12-11T01:46:55Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
TESE FINAL. DANIELE RAMOS OLIVEIRA1pdf.pdf: 1752254 bytes, checksum: 0864fab7ca2bf88a484aec0763ae1240 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ALESSANDRA KUBA OSHIRO null (alessandra@fct.unesp.br) on 2017-12-11T11:50:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
oliveira_dr_dr_prud.pdf: 1752254 bytes, checksum: 0864fab7ca2bf88a484aec0763ae1240 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T11:50:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
oliveira_dr_dr_prud.pdf: 1752254 bytes, checksum: 0864fab7ca2bf88a484aec0763ae1240 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Apresentam-se, nesta tese de doutorado, resultados de pesquisa vinculada à linha "Processos formativos, infância e juventude" do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, câmpus de Presidente Prudente. Com o objetivo geral de investigar os subsídios teórico-práticos sobre avaliação na creche, dispostos em publicações federais de caráter mandatório e orientador, publicados pelo MEC, no período de 2000 a 2015, de modo a compreender quais são suas proposições e limites para o campo, foram formulados os seguintes objetivos específicos: investigar o contexto histórico e político das publicações que constituem o corpus da pesquisa; identificar as possíveis contribuições sobre os modos, procedimentos e princípios para avaliar na creche veiculados nessas publicações; investigar as características das possíveis solicitações encaminhadas ao Conselho Nacional de Educação-MEC quanto à avaliação na Educação Infantil e as proposições desse órgão; compreender o papel do MEC quanto ao estabelecimento de orientações e normatizações para avaliar na creche. Como referencial teórico para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram utilizados textos de autores da área, nacionais e internacionais. Mediante a abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, tendo como corpus as publicações do MEC de caráter orientador da Secretaria de Educação Básica – Coordenadoria Geral de Educação Infantil, produzidas no período de 2000 a 2015, e os documentos de caráter mandatório, especificamente as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil e a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, além de pareceres do Conselho Nacional de Educação, que abordavam o tema da investigação. Os dados foram analisados por meio do uso da análise de conteúdo. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que os documentos do MEC analisados têm apresentado avanços, apesar de alguns retrocessos, no que se refere às orientações para avaliar na Educação Infantil. Os documentos analisados abrangem orientações para avaliar em toda a etapa da Educação Infantil, com poucas menções às especificidades do processo avaliativo com crianças de até 3 anos de idade. A discussão dos dados possibilitou identificar ainda que a cada nova publicação há um movimento de retomada do que já foi abordado em materiais anteriores produzidos pelo governo federal. Contudo, os subsídios téorico-práticos sobre avaliação da aprendizagem e desenvolvimento na Educação Infantil, disponibilizados nas publicações analisadas produzidas pelo MEC, estão dispostos de forma fragmentada, caracterizando-se como informações pontuais que abordam aspectos como procedimentos e instrumentos; documentação para famílias; proibição do uso da avaliação para promoção e classificação, dentre outros. Tais subsídios têm-se aproximado, cada vez mais, da concepção “construtivista responsiva ou respondente” e da “documentação pedagógica”, em conformidade com a literatura internacional sobre o tema. Identificou-se a necessidade de que as diferentes instâncias de governabilidade, especialmente a federal e municipal, se articulem no que compete à função técnica, de modo a contribuir para que as especificidades de caráter mandatório e/ou orientador contidas nos documentos produzidos pelo MEC possam ter maiores chances de serem efetivadas nas práticas desenvolvidas no âmbito das instituições de educação infantil, particularmente nas creches. Dessa forma, a tese desta investigação foi estabelecida na seguinte proposição: os subsídios teórico-práticos sobre avaliação da aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, disponibilizados nos documentos do MEC analisados, produzidos de 2000 a 2015, têm garantido pouca visibilidade à creche enquanto instância educativa e comparecem dispostos de forma fragmentada, como informações pontuais, o que pode se constituir como uma das causas para a descaracterização do caráter mandatório e orientador de tais publicações. No caso da educação infantil – creche, a mudança dessa configuração exige a urgência de uma maior articulação entre as diferentes instâncias de governabilidade envolvidas – federal e municipal. / It is presented in this doctorate thesis the results of a research linked to “Formation Process, childhood and youth” of the Post-graduation Program in Education of the Technology and Science College, São Paulo State University (Julio Mesquita Filho University), in Presidente Prudente- SP. The general objective is investigating the theoretical-practical subsidies about the evaluation in the nursery school which are prescribed in Federal publications as compulsory and guiding publications; which were published by MEC, from 2000 to 2015, in order to understand which are its theses and limits to the area; the following specific objectives were drafted: investigate the historical and political context of the publications which comprise the corpus of the research; identify the possible contributions about the ways, procedures and principles to evaluate the nursery school conveyed in these publications; investigate the characteristics of the possible requirements submitted to the National Education Counselor- MEC about the evaluation in the Early childhood Education and the theses of this institution; comprehend the role of MEC about the setting of guidelines and standardizations to be evaluated in the nursery school. Texts of national and international authors from the area were used as a theoretical reference for the development of the research. Considering the qualitative approach, a documentary research was conducted, having as corpus MEC publications from primary Education Secretariat- General Coordinating body of Early childhood Education, produced from 2000 to 2015 and the compulsory documents, specifically, the National Curricular Guidelines for Early education and the law which regulates education in Brazil, besides the National Education Counselor reports which addressed the investigation theme. The data were analyzed by the use of the content analysis. Among the result obtained, it can be stood out that despite the retrocession, the MEC analyzed documents present progress in relation to the guidelines to be evaluated in the Early Education. The analyzed documents cover the guidelines to evaluate all the phases of Early Education, with few references to the particularities of the evaluation process up to three-year-old children. The discussion of the data enabled to identify that for each new publication there is a resumption movement about what has been covered in previous materials produced by the Federal Government. Nevertheless, the theoretical-practical subsidies about learning evaluation and development in Early childhood Education, available in the analyzed publications produced by MEC, are provided in a fragmented way, characterizing as specific information which approach aspects as: procedures and instruments; documentation to families; prohibition of the use of evaluation to marketing and rating, among others. Such subsidies have come, increasingly, closer to the “responsive or responding constructivist” conception and the “pedagogical documentation”, in accordance the international literature about the theme. It was identified the need of the different governability bodies, mainly the federal and local, utter themselves about the technical function, in order to contribute, so that the compulsory and guiding documents produced by MEC can have higher chances of being implemented in the practices which are developed in the Early childhood Education sphere, mainly the nursery schools. Thus, the thesis of this investigation was established in the following approach: the theoretical-practical subsidies about learning and development evaluation, available in MEC documents which were analyzed, produced from 2000 to 2015, have ensured a little visibility to the nursery school while educational body and they appear in a fragmented way, as specific pieces of information, which can represent one of the causes to this disfigurement of the compulsory and guiding publications. Considering the Early childhood Education- nursery schools, the change of this configuration sets the urgency of a bigger articulation between the different governability bodies which are involved – federal and local.
|
16 |
La symbolisation en maternelle : usages et difficultés des élèves : une analyse socio-langagière de la construction de la signification des affiches didactiques en grande section. / Symbolization at the nursery school : uses and difficulties of the pupils : a linguistic analysis socio of the construction of the significance of the didactic posters in great sectionMourot, Elisabeth 13 December 2016 (has links)
Adossée aux cadres théoriques d’une psychologie du développement social de l’enfant, d’une sémiologie peircienne et d’une sociologie du langage, cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ des sciences de l’éducation et cible plus particulièrement les processus de construction des inégalités d’apprentissages qui se forment dès l’école maternelle. Elle soutient l’hypothèse d’un rapport entre le symbolique, le langagier et le cognitif qui, selon les modes socialisation, conduit à des interprétations différenciées des situations d’apprentissage, dès l’école maternelle. Pour cela, elle étudie la manière dont des élèves de grande section, issus de milieux sociaux contrastés, construisent la signification des systèmes plurisémiotisés d’un objet scolaire rarement étudié, l’affiche didactique. En appui d’une méthode inductive portant sur des entretiens d’élèves confrontés à ce type de support, l’analyse des phénomènes cognitivolangagiers et de leurs variations débouche sur des résultats montrant que les modes d’interprétation des élèves se différencient selon leur capacité à symboliser et à utiliser le langage dans sa fonction élaboratrice. L’originalité de cette thèse tient au lien qu’elle permet d’établir, à partir de configurations de sujets-sociaux-interprétants, entre les modes d’interprétation privilégiés par les élèves et les représentations qu’ils se font des objets de savoir, dans le contexte des apprentissages premiers. / Leaned with the theoretical executives of a psychology of the social development of the child, of a semiology peircian and a sociology of the language, this thesis fits in the field of sciences of education and target more particularly the processes of construction of the inequalities of training who are formed as of the nursery school. It supports the assumption of a relationship between the symbolic system, the linguistic one and the cognitive one which, according to the socialization modes, led to the interpretations differentiated from the situations of training, as of the nursery school. For that, she studies the manner whose pupils of great section, resulting from contrasted social environments, build the significance of the plurisemiotized systems of a seldom studied school object, the didactic poster. In support of an analytical method relating to talks of pupils confronted with this kind of support, the analysis of the linguistic phenomena cognitivo and their variations leads to results showing that the modes of interpretation of the pupils are different according to their capacity to symbolize and to use the language in its elaborative function. The originality of this thesis is due to the link that it makes it possible to establish, starting from configurations of subject-social-interpreting, between the modes of interpretation privileged by the pupils and the representations which they are made of the objects of knowing, in the context of the trainings first.
|
17 |
(BOAS) PRÁTICAS NA CRECHE: MIRADAS EMERGENTES SOBRE A CRIANÇA E A INFÂNCIA / (good) pratice in the nursey school: emerging looks at the child and childhoodNASCIMENTO, BEATRIZ DA SILVA FALEIRO DO 25 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-09-19T17:50:03Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
BeatrizNascimento.pdf: 1641767 bytes, checksum: 96c673505e2fd7a53e7a1aa2d64320df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T17:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
BeatrizNascimento.pdf: 1641767 bytes, checksum: 96c673505e2fd7a53e7a1aa2d64320df (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aims at evaluating different viewpoints on the concept of (good) practice in nursery schools based on the narrative of the researcher about her formative experiences and with small children, on the narratives of two teachers who work in nursery classes and on the narratives of three elementary school teachers who have already worked in nursery classes, all in institutions of São Bernardo do Campo, SP, apart from scenes observed in a nursery class of the same city. The initial premise was the hypothesis that there is complexity (MORIN, 2015b) in the concepts of (good) practices and that these concepts are related to the conceptions of childhood of the theories and evaluated subjects.In order to understand the substance of this premise, this research was inspired by a mirror-oriented metaphor and based on the methodological approach of Narrative Research (CLANDININ, CONNELLY, 2011).The gazes in the mirror intended to relate, at first, the narratives of the teachers to the concept of childhood in the slant of the sociology of childhood.Thus, this study was also based on childhood reaserchers, such as Sarmento (2004) and Larrosa (2003), on nursery teachers formation, and on the analysis of some documents that rule educational institutions in Brazil.During the research, the position of Moss (2002) regarding the discussion of the concept of quality, or of what isgood in the nursery, was also considered.The gazes in the field text allowed the re-signification of the concept of (good) practices with a look from a new paradigm.The study broadens the horizons of the Emergent Paradigm (MORAES, 2010), proposing gazes of (good) practices in nursery school in the perspective of a paradigm that emerges from the gaze of the child and the voice of childhood as an integral being and that therefore favors practices which are meant to come out as integral / A presente pesquisa buscou investigar diferentes olhares sobre o conceito de (boas) práticas na creche a partir da narrativa da pesquisadora acerca de suas experiências formativas e com crianças pequenas, das narrativas de duas professoras que atuam em turmas de creche e das narrativas de três professoras da educação infantil e do ensino fundamental que já atuaram em turmas de creche – todas em instituições do município de São Bernardo do Campo/SP, além de cenas observadas em uma turma de creche do mesmo município. A problematização da pesquisa consiste no questionamento sobre o que seriam (boas) práticas no trabalho com as crianças pequenas, de modo particular, crianças de zero a três anos de idade. A premissa inicial consistiu na hipótese de que há complexidade (MORIN, 2015b) nos conceitos de (boas) práticas e que esses conceitos estão relacionados com as concepções de infância das teorias e sujeitos investigados. Para compreender a substância dessa premissa, a pesquisa foi inspirada na metáfora do espelho e fundamentada na abordagem metodológica da Pesquisa Narrativa (CLANDININ; CONNELLY, 2011). As miradas no espelho, nesse viés, buscaram relacionar, no primeiro momento, as narrativas das professoras com o conceito de infância no viés da Sociologia da Infância. Assim, o estudo fundamentou-se, também, em autores que estudam a infância como Sarmento (2004) e Larrosa (2003), na formação dos docentes da creche e na análise de alguns documentos que orientam o funcionamento das instituições de educação infantil no Brasil. Ao longo da pesquisa, a posição de Moss (2002) acerca da discussão sobre o conceito de qualidade ou sobre o que é bom na creche, também é considerada. Nos momentos seguintes do estudo as miradas voltaram-se para o pensamento complexo na perspectiva Morin (2015b), ressaltado nesta pesquisa para fundamentar a percepção das práticas das professoras. As miradas dos textos de campo permitiram a ressignificação do conceito de (boas) práticas com um olhar a partir de um novo paradigma. Assim, o estudo finaliza-se nos horizontes do Paradigma Emergente (MORAES, 2010), ao propor miradas das (boas) práticas na creche na perspectiva de um paradigma que emerge do olhar da criança e da voz da infância como um ser integral e que, portanto, favorece práticas que se pressupõem integrais.
|
18 |
Materiais potencializadores e os bebês-potência : possibilidades de experiências sensoriais e sensíveis no contexto de um berçárioMallmann, Elisete January 2015 (has links)
A presente Dissertação de Mestrado investiga os modos como um grupo de bebês de sete a vinte e seis meses de idade, de um berçário de uma escola Pública de Educação Infantil no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, se relaciona com diferentes materiais, denominados nesta pesquisa como Materiais Potencializadores. Tais materiais foram organizados à base de produtos naturais e/ou de alimentos, bem como daquilo que é descartado. Em virtude da diversidade de formatos, texturas, cores, cheiros e sabores, nesta investigação eles são compreendidos como ferramentas que prolongam, medeiam, integram e ampliam as interações estabelecidas pelos bebês que, ao se relacionarem com essas múltiplas possibilidades, elaboram suas percepções e sensações acerca do mundo que os rodeia. A pesquisa buscou compreender os modos como os bebês exploram os Materiais Potencializadores, como o tempo e os espaços interferem nas relações estabelecidas a partir desse contato e como essas relações contribuem para o estabelecimento das interações entre os bebês. Num primeiro momento, a investigação se deteve na observação do contexto investigado para, dessa forma organizar e desenvolver experiências de aprendizagens pensadas para e com os bebês. Esta pesquisa se aproxima da abordagem da pesquisa-intervenção, na medida em que crianças e pesquisadora caminharam juntas. As ferramentas que contribuíram para a coleta e análise dos dados se sustentaram na observação participante, no diário de bordo, nos registros fotográficos e de vídeos. Os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos se apoiaram nos estudos da Sociologia da Infância, inspirando-se nas ideias de Corsaro (1997); Sarmento (2004); Barbosa (2014); Hoyelos (2006); Goldshmiedt e Jackson (2006); Holm (2007); Duarte Jr. (2010); Pillotto (2007); Zordan (2014); Dornelles (2005), entre outros. As análises realizadas nesta investigação auxiliam na compreensão da potência dos bebês no que diz respeito às suas possibilidades e pré-disposição em se relacionarem tanto com os Materiais Potencializadores planejados e oferecidos quanto com os que despertavam seus interesses. Dessa forma, demonstram que os modos como os bebês compreendem o tempo e espaço para agirem sobre o mundo que os circundam difere — muitas vezes, consideravelmente — das expectativas dos adultos, as quais estão intimamente ligadas a regras e normatizações do cotidiano dos berçários. Observei ainda que as relações estabelecidas no contato com os Materiais Potencializadores possibilitaram a ampliação das experiências sensoriais e sensíveis nos bebês, na medida em que foram construídas a partir de uma atenção para o sensorial, o sensível. Esse fato possibilitou constituírem seus conhecimentos, passando a compartilhá-los entre eles e com os adultos, ampliando decisivamente suas interações. As reflexões apresentadas nesta Dissertação de Mestrado, desenvolvida a partir do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, pela Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, apoiada na linha de pesquisa dos Estudos Sobre Infâncias, auxiliam na compreensão do Bebê-Potência, diante das múltiplas relações e percepções que estabelecem ao interagirem com a diversidade oferecida pelos Materiais Potencializadores que passaram a constituir os espaços do berçário investigado. / This Master’s Degree thesis investigates how a group of babies, age ranging from seven to twenty-six months, from a nursery school in the Public Children Education System, in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil, relates to various materials, here designated as Potentializing Materials. These materials were made from natural products and/or foods, as well as from discarded materials. Due to their variety of shapes, textures, colors, odors and flavors, in this investigation they were seen as tools that extend, mediate, integrate and broaden the interactions established by the babies, who perceive and feel the world that surrounds them by relating to these multiple possibilities. This study attempts to understand the ways these babies explore the Potentializing Materials, and how time and spaces interfere in the relationships established with this contact, and how these relationships contribute to establishing an interaction among the babies. Firstly, the investigation focused on observing the setting studied, and subsequently on organizing and developing learning experiments, thought for and with the babies. This research presents the intervention-research approach, as children and researcher followed a path together. The tools for data collection and analyses were based on participating observation, journals, photographic records and videos. The theoretical-methodological assumptions were supported by the studies of the Sociology of Childhood, based on the ideas of Corsaro (1997); Sarmento (2004); Barbosa (2014); Hoyelos (2006); Goldshmiedt and Jackson (2006); Holm (2007); Duarte Jr. (2010); Pillotto (2007); Zordan (2014); Dornelles (2005), among others. The analyses carried out help to understand the babies’ potential concerning their possibilities and predisposition to relate with both the Potentializing Materials designed and offered, and with those that aroused their interest. Thus, they showed that the ways babies comprehend time and space to act towards the world surrounding them differs – quite often and considerably – from the expectations of the adults, which are closely connected to rules and standardization of daily life in nursery schools. Furthermore, it was observed that relationships established upon contact with the Potentializing Materials enable the broadening of sensory experiences, once they were designed with a focus on the senses. This allowed them to build knowledge, which they shared with one another and with the adults, thus decisively broadening their interactions. The reflections presented in this Master’s thesis, developed in the Graduate Program of Education at the School of Education in Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, based on researches of Studies on Childhood, contribute to the babies’ “artist” actions, as well as to helping in understanding the Potentiality-Baby before multiple relationships and perceptions established when interacting with the diversity provided by the Potentializing Materials, that came to constitute the spaces of the nursery school investigated.
|
19 |
Contaminação cruzada em escovas dentais por Streptococcus mutansGuimarães, Murilo de Sousa [UNESP] 04 March 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2005-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
guimaraes_ms_me_arafo.pdf: 826616 bytes, checksum: 7cdce1b8e753b244b7bf0f3a856c6f0f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação de escovas dentais por Streptococcus grupo mutans e a ocorrência de infecção cruzada por Streptococcus mutans após armazenagem conjunta das mesmas. A amostra foi composta de 46 crianças de 6 a 7 anos de idade divididas em Grupo A com 22 e Grupo B com 24 alunos, de acordo com a sala de aula que freqüentavam. As amostras de biofilme obtidas da cavidade bucal das crianças no início do estudo e o biofilme das escovas dentais das crianças que compartilhavam o mesmo ambiente, foram recolhidas após 21 dias e cultivadas sob condições adequadas em meio de cultura SB20. Em cada escova foram isoladas UFC com morfologia típica, as quais foram identificadas por meio de testes bioquímicos e o polimorfismo genético foi detectado pela técnica de AP-PCR. Pode-se observar 94 UFC de Streptococcus mutans isoladas a partir das escovas dentais. O crescimento bacteriano ocorreu em 14 escovas dentais, sendo que 6 escovas pertenciam às crianças do Grupo A, e 8 às crianças do Grupo B. Dos microrganismos encontrados nas escovas dentais, 83,92% eram Streptococcus mutans. Todos os isolados apresentaram perfil genético distinto, com exceção de 4 e 3 amostras dos Grupo A e B respectivamente, os quais pertenciam a mesma escova dental. Pode-se concluir que dos microrganismos encontrados, ocorreu maior prevalência de colonização por Streptococcus mutans nas crianças e escovas analisadas, não havendo evidência de que a armazenagem conjunta de escovas dentais pode ser um veículo para infecção cruzada por este microrganismo. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of toothbrushes by mutans streptococci and cross-section infection of Streptococcus mutans. Forty-six children aged from 6 and 7 years were divided into two groups, Group A with 22 children and Group B with 24, according to attending class. A dental plaque sample from each participant was collected at the beginning of the study and the plaque present in toothbrushes was collected after 21 days. The samples were processed and cultivated under adequate conditions in SB20 medium. Typical morphotype mutans streptococci colonies were isolated and submitted to bioquimical tests for identification. An arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) method was performed for genotypic characterization of Streptococcus mutans. Fourteen toothbrushes were contaminated by mutans streptococci, 6 in Group A and 8 in Group B. Streptococcus mutans represented 83,92% of the mutans streptococci identified. The presence of matching genotypes of Streptococcus mutans has occurred in 4 strains of Group A and in 3 strains of Group B. However, for both groups, the matching genotypes belonged to the same toothbrush. In conclusion, Streptococcus mutans was the predominant specie in both dental plaque and toothbrush. The latter did not represent a source of cross-sectional infection of such microorganism.
|
20 |
Materiais potencializadores e os bebês-potência : possibilidades de experiências sensoriais e sensíveis no contexto de um berçárioMallmann, Elisete January 2015 (has links)
A presente Dissertação de Mestrado investiga os modos como um grupo de bebês de sete a vinte e seis meses de idade, de um berçário de uma escola Pública de Educação Infantil no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, se relaciona com diferentes materiais, denominados nesta pesquisa como Materiais Potencializadores. Tais materiais foram organizados à base de produtos naturais e/ou de alimentos, bem como daquilo que é descartado. Em virtude da diversidade de formatos, texturas, cores, cheiros e sabores, nesta investigação eles são compreendidos como ferramentas que prolongam, medeiam, integram e ampliam as interações estabelecidas pelos bebês que, ao se relacionarem com essas múltiplas possibilidades, elaboram suas percepções e sensações acerca do mundo que os rodeia. A pesquisa buscou compreender os modos como os bebês exploram os Materiais Potencializadores, como o tempo e os espaços interferem nas relações estabelecidas a partir desse contato e como essas relações contribuem para o estabelecimento das interações entre os bebês. Num primeiro momento, a investigação se deteve na observação do contexto investigado para, dessa forma organizar e desenvolver experiências de aprendizagens pensadas para e com os bebês. Esta pesquisa se aproxima da abordagem da pesquisa-intervenção, na medida em que crianças e pesquisadora caminharam juntas. As ferramentas que contribuíram para a coleta e análise dos dados se sustentaram na observação participante, no diário de bordo, nos registros fotográficos e de vídeos. Os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos se apoiaram nos estudos da Sociologia da Infância, inspirando-se nas ideias de Corsaro (1997); Sarmento (2004); Barbosa (2014); Hoyelos (2006); Goldshmiedt e Jackson (2006); Holm (2007); Duarte Jr. (2010); Pillotto (2007); Zordan (2014); Dornelles (2005), entre outros. As análises realizadas nesta investigação auxiliam na compreensão da potência dos bebês no que diz respeito às suas possibilidades e pré-disposição em se relacionarem tanto com os Materiais Potencializadores planejados e oferecidos quanto com os que despertavam seus interesses. Dessa forma, demonstram que os modos como os bebês compreendem o tempo e espaço para agirem sobre o mundo que os circundam difere — muitas vezes, consideravelmente — das expectativas dos adultos, as quais estão intimamente ligadas a regras e normatizações do cotidiano dos berçários. Observei ainda que as relações estabelecidas no contato com os Materiais Potencializadores possibilitaram a ampliação das experiências sensoriais e sensíveis nos bebês, na medida em que foram construídas a partir de uma atenção para o sensorial, o sensível. Esse fato possibilitou constituírem seus conhecimentos, passando a compartilhá-los entre eles e com os adultos, ampliando decisivamente suas interações. As reflexões apresentadas nesta Dissertação de Mestrado, desenvolvida a partir do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, pela Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, apoiada na linha de pesquisa dos Estudos Sobre Infâncias, auxiliam na compreensão do Bebê-Potência, diante das múltiplas relações e percepções que estabelecem ao interagirem com a diversidade oferecida pelos Materiais Potencializadores que passaram a constituir os espaços do berçário investigado. / This Master’s Degree thesis investigates how a group of babies, age ranging from seven to twenty-six months, from a nursery school in the Public Children Education System, in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil, relates to various materials, here designated as Potentializing Materials. These materials were made from natural products and/or foods, as well as from discarded materials. Due to their variety of shapes, textures, colors, odors and flavors, in this investigation they were seen as tools that extend, mediate, integrate and broaden the interactions established by the babies, who perceive and feel the world that surrounds them by relating to these multiple possibilities. This study attempts to understand the ways these babies explore the Potentializing Materials, and how time and spaces interfere in the relationships established with this contact, and how these relationships contribute to establishing an interaction among the babies. Firstly, the investigation focused on observing the setting studied, and subsequently on organizing and developing learning experiments, thought for and with the babies. This research presents the intervention-research approach, as children and researcher followed a path together. The tools for data collection and analyses were based on participating observation, journals, photographic records and videos. The theoretical-methodological assumptions were supported by the studies of the Sociology of Childhood, based on the ideas of Corsaro (1997); Sarmento (2004); Barbosa (2014); Hoyelos (2006); Goldshmiedt and Jackson (2006); Holm (2007); Duarte Jr. (2010); Pillotto (2007); Zordan (2014); Dornelles (2005), among others. The analyses carried out help to understand the babies’ potential concerning their possibilities and predisposition to relate with both the Potentializing Materials designed and offered, and with those that aroused their interest. Thus, they showed that the ways babies comprehend time and space to act towards the world surrounding them differs – quite often and considerably – from the expectations of the adults, which are closely connected to rules and standardization of daily life in nursery schools. Furthermore, it was observed that relationships established upon contact with the Potentializing Materials enable the broadening of sensory experiences, once they were designed with a focus on the senses. This allowed them to build knowledge, which they shared with one another and with the adults, thus decisively broadening their interactions. The reflections presented in this Master’s thesis, developed in the Graduate Program of Education at the School of Education in Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, based on researches of Studies on Childhood, contribute to the babies’ “artist” actions, as well as to helping in understanding the Potentiality-Baby before multiple relationships and perceptions established when interacting with the diversity provided by the Potentializing Materials, that came to constitute the spaces of the nursery school investigated.
|
Page generated in 0.0822 seconds