Os desafios que circundam a educação nacional são incontáveis, principalmente se considerarmos as muitas áreas do conhecimento com as quais se estrutura o currículo das escolas brasileiras. Por todos os lados, docentes e discentes estão imersos em orientações variadas e muitas vezes contraditórias para a construção de conhecimentos múltiplos. O resultado desta dinâmica é um processo educacional paradoxal em sua essência e com índices de aproveitamento para os estudos nem sempre positivos. As avaliações institucionais propostas anualmente acabam por ratificar esta realidade e por revelar o quanto as propostas metodológicas efetivadas nas salas de aula por todo o país estão distantes de promover os resultados de excelência tão almejados. Neste sentido, são iminentes discussões acadêmicas das quais possam emergir sugestões de trabalho metodológico que, distantes do ideal da resolução total de problemas, possam, ao contrário inspirar novas propostas para que a educação seja, efetivamente, forma de equalização das desigualdades sociais. Em consonância com esta perspectiva colaborativa, este estudo volta seu olhar para a problemática do ensino de literatura no Ensino Médio tendo, como principal objetivo a composição de uma sugestão de atividade para a fomentação da leitura literária e com vistas à formação do leitor crítico. Com o aporte teórico deste estudo, buscou-se mostrar que o trabalho com a literatura está intimamente ligado ao ensino de estratégias de leitura, pois, diferente das tradicionais aulas de Historiografia Literária, o que se deve propor aos alunos, nesta etapa final da educação básica, é um trabalho voltado à leitura, no qual o texto artístico é o alvo de apreciação e não apenas o seu contexto, autor ou estética à qual se filia e o leitor é, ainda, motivado a lançar mão de estratégias para sua compreensão. Além da teorização, esta pesquisa conta, ainda, com dados coletados em campo a partir da aplicação de questionários em uma escola pública do Vale do Paraíba. O entrelaçamento entre os aspectos teóricos e práticos que compõem este estudo culminam com a proposição de uma sequência didática para a leitura de um poema pessoano, na qual ganham destaque as possibilidades de promover o contato com o gênero literário, apontado como alvo de dificuldades de entendimento pelos sujeitos de pesquisa, ao mesmo tempo em que se promove a mobilização para o uso de estratégias de leitura por parte do aluno/leitor. / The challenges surrounding the national education are countless, especially considering the many areas of knowledge with which the curriculum of Brazilian schools are structured. On all sides teachers and students are immersed in various orientations and often contradictory to the construction of multiple knowledge. The result of this dynamic is a paradoxical educational process in its essence and with indexes of improvement in studies not always positive. The institutional evaluations proposed each year end up ratifying this reality and revealing how the proposed methodological effect in classrooms across the country are distant from promoting the excellence so desired. In this sense, academic discussions are imminent, which may arise suggestions of methodological work that far from the ideal of full resolution of problems, can, unlike, inspire news proposals so that the education is, effectively, an equalization of social inequalities. In harmony with this collaborative approach, this study focuses the problem of teaching Literature in high school and has as main goal the composition of a suggestion of activity to promote the literacy reading and aimed at the formation of the critical reader with the theoretical contributions of this study, we sought to show that working with the literature is closely linked to teaching reading strategies because, unlike traditional Literary Historiography classes, what must be proposed to the students in this final stage of basic education, is a work aimed at the reading in which the artistic text is the target of appreciation and not just its context, author or esthetic to which it is joined and the reader is still motivated to make use of strategies for understanding. Besides theorizing, this research also counts with data collected in field from the application of questionnaires in a public school in Vale do Paraiba. The link between the theoretical and practical aspects that compose this study culminate with the proposition of a didactic sequence for reading a pessoano poem, in which possibilities are highlighted to promote contact with the literacy genre, named as the target of comprehension difficulties by the subjects of study while it promotes the mobilization for the use of reading strategic by the leaner/ reader.

This master’s thesis is concerned with the proposal of new locality electrification. There are 59 detached houses. The thesis is divided into theoretical part and computational part. In the theoretical part, there are all documents necessary for the successful proposal of the electrification. In the computational part is drafted distribution substation, high voltage power cable, proposal of low voltage power cables and protection. Each part is made for two versions (for the degree of electrification A and for the degree of electrification C) and recorded in cadastral maps. The proposal of distribution substation and high voltage power cable is made by traditional method - all calculations are processed by the designer. Low-voltage power cables and protection are implemented in a computer program Sichr (version 11.01) OEZ company.

This work deals with the construction of a specific device for handling batching, such as paper rolls wound on a paper tube. It is included in the structural design of the device, control engineering calculations nodes developed basic drawing documentation manipulator.

This paper gives some theoretical instructions of China’s property tax reform which include the reform of land lease system, the design of tax base, tax rates and tax relief, and also provides some interesting property tax proposals for Shanghai and estimates the effects of property tax reform on residence price.This paper selects a case study of Shanghai which can provide useful methods or findings to other cases characterized by similar traits and situations. Through observation and analysis of documentary evidence, the new average residence price and the prices of residences which locate around the inner ring road and the outer ring road are estimated. Moreover, this study uses asset pricing theory, partial equilibrium theory and quantitative simulation analysis to explore the impact of property tax reform on the residence price under the combinations of varied property tax rates, discount rates and tax base. The paper also uses comparative analysis in lots of areas. The data is gathering from National Bureau of Statistics, local bureaus of statistics, World Band, several valuation firms, international and local theses.The author provides 4 proposals of Shanghai. After the simulation analysis, the first proposal is seen as the most mildly proposal with low property rates and small tax base. The total residence value decreases about 4.92 percent of the original value after the property tax reform. The second proposal use graduated property tax rates corresponding to different property value, which may have greater fairness and equality but lower efficiency. The third proposal targets at gaining more tax revenue from villa and luxury apartments and adjusts the poverty gap. The sales price after property tax decreases around 10 percent. The fourth proposal provides the idea that property tax rates can be set according to the location of administrative areas. In the future study, a case study of a certain city combined with precise empirical observations and statistics data is a good direction. Moreover, this study only introduces a simple model and some indicators which affect the house price. However, how to narrow down the indicators and to use an effective model and to use property tax as an effective indicator to affect residence price is the next step.

Background: Challenges in thesis proposal writing have resulted in doctoral students dropping from research studies resulting in the shortage of doctoral prepared nurses. Impediments include lack of human and non-human resources. Benner’s theory of novice to expert formed the basis for the development of the strategic intervention and action plan to address the challenges and strengths experienced by master’s prepared doctoral students during thesis proposal writing Purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop a strategic intervention and action plan that can be used to assist doctoral students to succeed in thesis proposal writing. Methods: An exploratory mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis in four phases was used. In Phase 1 qualitative data from two open-ended questions were used to gather data, combined with literature to develop a questionnaire for Phase 2. A questionnaire was developed from data obtained from Phase 2 as well as a thorough literature review to develop the strategic intervention and Action plan. In Phase 4 the strategic intervention and action plan was validated using the Delphi technique and experts acted as panellists for the validation. Framework: Benner’s novice to expert theoretical framework was adopted for the study because of the assumption that doctoral students need a change of perception and assistance in order to develop critical thinking skills that will enhance the development of research competencies. This framework was used because of its relevance to the study. Research Findings: Competence in doctoral thesis proposal writing is affected by human resources as well as non-human resources. The identified strategic interventions that were included in the action plan were: recruitment of competent supervisors, training and mentoring of new supervisors, achieving of a realistic student/supervisor ratio for supervision of students, timely allocation of supervisors, recruiting of subject librarians and employment of adequate library support, provision of peer support programmes, implementation of a student recruitment and selection plan, provision of student support programmes to enhance research skills and competencies, binding contracts to stipulate students responsibility, provision of adequate research resources, and implementation of a bursary system among others. Conclusion: The strategic intervention and action plan was developed using the input of doctoral nursing students who were in the process of completing their thesis proposal and a thorough literature review. The inclusion of the deans of nursing of universities and universities of technology of South Africa (FUNDISA) will enhance the possibility for the implementation of the strategic intervention and action plan which can contribute to assisting the master’s prepared doctoral students to successfully transition from novice students with little or no research knowledge to competent thesis proposal writers. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

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Detta examensarbete undersöker om det behövs en chaufförsutbildning för nyanställda inom transportbranschen med avgränsning till Poståkeriet och vad som bör ingå i en sådan. Arbetet tar också upp vikten av kunskap inom kundrelationer för chaufförer och företaget.Det finns även ett förslag på upplägg för en utbildning samt en stödlista för utbildande chaufförer. / This examination paper analyzes if there is a need for a drivers education for new employers. This investigation is limited to the line of transport business and the Post Haulier. The question is what is necessary to bring into a new education. This analysis includes the importance of knowledge in customer relations for the drivers and the company.There is also a proposal to an education as well as a support list for the instructor.

The theoretical part focuses on the description of the development and the importance of the strategic management. The pracitcal part focuses on the analyses of the particular agricultural company called AGRO Vodňany a.s., using the methods of the strategic management. Consequently I suppose the evaluation of the possible strategies for this particular company. The last part of my dissertation focuses on the possibilities of the imrovement of the economical state of the company and as a solution I suppose the reconstruction and renovation of the pig breeding barn.

Die Pfadintegral-Quantisierung der semi-klassischen Gravitation ist einer der vielversprechendsten Ansätze zur Vereinheitlichung von Quantenmechanik und allgemeiner Relativitätstheorie. In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir die Konsequenzen der Anwendung dieses Pfadintegralansatzes auf die Kosmologie des sehr frühen Universums. Im ersten Teil konzentrieren wir uns auf den no-boundary proposal, der einen nicht-singulären Anfang des Universums konstruiert, indem er sich auf das gravitative Pfadintegral der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie stützt. Wir beweisen, dass die no-boundary Lösung das Hinzufügen von Korrekturen höherer Ordnung zur Gravitationswirkung überlebt. Unsere Analyse deutet also darauf hin, dass semi-klassische Ergebnisse auch in der perturbative Störungstheorie der vollständigen Quantengravitation gültig sind. Anschließend beziehen wir ein Skalarfeld in den neuen no-boundary proposal ein, der im Lorentz-Formalismus als Summe über Geometrien mit festem Anfangsimpuls definiert ist. Unsere Ergebnisse sind der Schlüssel zur Bestätigung der Gültigkeit des neuen no-boundary proposals, denn Skalarfelder sind das einfachste Beispiel für Materiefelder, die in einer realistischen Theorie des frühen Universums enthalten sein müssen. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit der Pfadintegralansatz für allgemeineren Modellen des frühen Universums. Zunächst testen wir die Gültigkeit des semi-klassischen Limits dieser Modelle mit dem Kriterium der endlichen Amplitude, das z.B. Theorien höherer Ordnung der Gravitation stark einschränkt und den no-boundary proposal sowie emergente Universen begünstigt. Schließlich wenden wir das Kriterium der komplexen Metrik von Kontsevich und Segal auf kosmologische Hintergründe an. Im Kontext der Quantenkosmologie angewandt, führt es zu einem neuen Verständnis des gravitativen Pfadintegrals im no-boundary proposal und schließt generische quantum bounces aus. / The path integral quantization of gravity is one of the most promising approaches to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity. This thesis pursues the consequences of the path integral approach applied to the cosmology of the very early universe, for which this unification is crucial. The first part focuses on the no-boundary proposal, which constructs a non-singular beginning of the universe by relying on the gravitational path integral of general relativity. We prove that the no-boundary solution survives the addition of higher-order corrections to the gravity action, usually found in high-energy completions of general relativity such as string theory. This indicates that semi-classical results may still hold at the perturbative level of full quantum gravity. We then include a scalar field in the new no-boundary proposal, defined in the Lorentzian formalism as a sum over geometries with fixed initial momentum flow. Our results are key to confirming the viability of the proposal, but also highlight the non-locality puzzle of the no-boundary proposal in the presence of matter fields, for which we offer new perspectives. The second part of the thesis deals with the path integral treatment of more general early universe models. First we test the validity of the semi-classical limit of these models with a finite amplitude criterion, which severely constrains e.g. higher-order theories of gravity and globally favors the no-boundary proposal and emergent-like universes. At last, we apply Kontsevich and Segal’s complex metric criterion to cosmological backgrounds. This criterion tests the path integral convergence of any quantum field theory on a given metric background. Applied in the context of quantum cosmology, it leads to a new understanding of the path integral in the no-boundary proposal, rules out generic quantum bounces, and stresses the limitation of minisuperspace for classical transitions in de Sitter spacetime.

The present thesis deals with the description of the current state on the course of Morava river from small hydro Kromeriz after a small water plant Hodonin. Subsequently, I deal with the description of search of weir plants and weirs for the construction of small hydropower (especially their heads, structures and, where appropriate, possible adaptation). Then I deal with completion new hydroelectric plants on this founded weir plants and weirs which are in section between the small hydroelectric power Kromeriz and Lanžhot city on the Czech Republic side (Brodské on the Slovak Republic side). In this work is mainly focus on the calculation of installed performance in individual locations (and also the calculation of achievable performance in these locations), machinery design (for the use of selected sets from Hydrohrom company) and the way the configuration of the power switch. If it is in those places, řeším even more possibilities of this construction is splavnění view of the river, especially in the field of Hodonin - Lanžhot. In addition, deals with the design of line side cubicle of each switch to local distribution networks (draft routes). In the last phase deals with the size of the production in each generation, calculations of costs of constructing these plants, approximate calculation of the production (of the flows of 2007) and time of return on your investment in the construction.