This written thesis accompanies three television public service announcement spots. Two of the spots are 60 seconds and one of the spots is 45 seconds in length. I produced this public service television advertising campaign to highlight the issue of child illiteracy in Pakistan and to encourage expatriate and resident Pakistani's to donate to educational charities. A Website created by the filmmaker is promoted in the campaign. This Website provides information about various charities that educate children in Pakistan. Detailed accounts of pre-production, production and post-production of the campaign allow the viewer to comprehend the challenges in producing television campaigns for social causes. Theoretical issues are also discussed, including the causes of illiteracy, the importance and role of social campaigns, the history and uses of propaganda as well as the aesthetic concerns of a public service campaign producer. I discuss the importance of creating the culture of public service campaigns in a third world country like Pakistan, and states that the Pakistani community needs to look inwards to overcome the challenge of illiteracy.

Les contrats internationaux de délégation de service public s'inscrivent dans un ensemble de techniques connues de longue date, les affermages ayant plus de trois siècles d'existence et les concessions étant apparues aux XIXe siècles. Les partenariats public privés constituent la dernière forme en date des relations complexes entre les collectivités publiques et des opérateurs industriels ou de services. La technique de délégation de service public est largement utilisé dans le monde et les états adaptés suivent leurs propres législations internes sous différentes approches de la délégation. A noter que l'amplitude du sujet constitue un défit. Une apprche systématique permettra de réduire les difficultés. Plusieurs éléments sont à prendre en considération. Le premier porte sur l'activité délégable, le deuxième porte sur les formes contractuelles de la délégation et le troisième porte sur les transpositions internationales des contrats de délégation. Dans notre recherche, nous étudierons les contrats de délégation de service public dans le sens large du terme et d'un point de vue internationale sans entrer dans la classification interne de ces contrats dans chaque pays en se basant sur le modèle francais de la "concession" et le modèle Anglo-Saxon le "BOT" qui sont les deux modèles de base les plus répandus et ceci en suivant toutes les étapes du contrat de déégation : Passation, vie et fin du contrat ainsi que son contenu. Nous allons aussi essayer de mettre en relief des réponses aux problèmes émanant de cette expérience et ses applications répandus dans presque tout les pays et dont la réussite varie selon les dimensions géographiques et démographiques du pays / International contracts of public service delegation is part of a set of known longstanding techniques, long-terme leases with more than three centuries of existence and the concessions being emerged is the nineteenth century. Public-private partnerships are the latest form dated complex relations between public authorities and industry operators or services. The technique of delegation of public service is widely used in the world and adapted states follow there own internal laws in different approaches of the delegation. Notes that the amplitude of the subject is a challenge. A systematic approach will reduce difficulties. Several factors most be taken into consideration. The first concerns the delegable activity, the second door on the contractual forms of delegation and the third focuses on international transposition delegation contracts. In our research, we will study contracts delegation of public service in the broadest sense and from an international point of view without going into the internal classification of those contracts in each country. Based on the French model of th "concession" and the Anglo-Saxon model "BOT" which are the two basic models of the most common we will follow all the steps of delegation contract : Procurement, life and termination of the contract and its contents. We will also try to highlight the answers to the problems arising from this experience and widespread in almost all countries and applications whose success depends on the geographical area and population of the country.

華薇. / "2002年1月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (p. 130-140) / 附中英文摘要. / "2002 nian 1 yue" / Hua Wei. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (p. 130-140) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 槪述 --- p.1 / 硏究簡介 --- p.1 / 論文結構 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二章 --- 政治經濟學理論回顧 --- p.2 / 政治經濟理論簡述 --- p.3 / 政治經濟學 --- p.3 / 媒介政治經濟學 --- p.4 / 中國傳媒的政治經濟學：國家一市場 --- p.6 / 國家´ؤ市場 --- p.7 / 理論啟示 --- p.11 / Chapter 第三章 --- 中國的政治經濟環境 --- p.13 / 政治經濟環境的變遷 --- p.13 / 改革前中國的政治經濟環境 --- p.13 / 文革之後的政治經濟環境 --- p.15 / 改革後的政治經濟環境演變 --- p.17 / 政治經濟環境變化中的中國傳媒 --- p.18 / 改革前的中國傳媒 --- p.18 / 改革後的中國傳媒 --- p.19 / 政治經濟共同作用下的中國廣告業 --- p.20 / 廣告是市場的產物 --- p.20 / 政治力量對廣告的影響 --- p.21 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究對象 --- p.23 / 公益廣告的界定 --- p.23 / 一般性的公益廣告界定 --- p.23 / 本硏究所涉及的公益廣告的範圍 --- p.25 / 以公益廣告爲硏究對象的原因 --- p.25 / 現有硏究對廣告的關注不足 --- p.25 / 公益廣告的特點 --- p.26 / 國外公益廣告活動 --- p.27 / 關於公益廣告的一些硏究 --- p.28 / 國外的公益廣告硏究 --- p.28 / 國內關於公益廣告的硏究 --- p.29 / 硏究意義 --- p.30 / Chapter 第五章 --- 硏究主題和分析架構 --- p.31 / 硏究主題一´ؤ公益廣告的歷史性硏究 --- p.31 / 分析架構 --- p.31 / 從社會控制到社會關係 --- p.32 / 硏究主體 --- p.33 / 公益廣告的運作機制 --- p.33 / 分析架構 --- p.34 / 硏究方法 --- p.35 / Chapter 第六章 --- 背景介紹 --- p.39 / 中國廣告業發展槪況 --- p.39 / 中央電視台廣告收入與國家財政撥款變化情況 --- p.41 / Chapter 第七章 --- 準備階段的公益廣告（1978-1986) ´ؤ´ؤ被媒體內化的思想政治工具 --- p.43 / 撥亂反正與改革開放 --- p.43 / 中國廣告業的恢復 --- p.44 / 政府´ؤ´ؤ媒體強有力的管理者 --- p.46 / 準備階段的公益廣告活動 --- p.52 / 媒體早期的公益活動 --- p.52 / 中國最早的公益廣告 --- p.53 / 中國早期公益活動和公益廣告廣告出現的原因 --- p.54 / 小結 --- p.57 / Chapter 第八章 --- 起始階段的公益廣告（1987 ´ؤ 1991 ) 一 一換取“信任´ح與“喜愛´ح的工具 --- p.58 / 深化改革治理整頓 --- p.58 / 精神文明建設與反對資產階級自由化運動 --- p.59 / 中國廣告業的發展 --- p.60 / 國家一一市場發展的鳥籠 --- p.63 / 起始階段的公益廣告活動 --- p.68 / 響亮的“第一炮´ح 一一中央電視台的《廣而告之》 --- p.68 / 欄目化公益廣告出現的原因 --- p.69 / 此階段公益廣告運作机制分析 --- p.73 / 小結 --- p.76 / Chapter 第九章 --- 發展階段的公益廣告（1992 -1995) 一一摻入商業考慮的規勸方法 --- p.78 / 中國經濟改革的深化 --- p.78 / 廣告業的繁榮 --- p.78 / 廣告提價 --- p.79 / 媒體競賣 --- p.80 / 沖擊意識型態領域的廣告活動 --- p.80 / 市場´ؤ´ؤ媒體日漸重要的經濟來源 --- p.81 / 發展階段的公益廣告活動 --- p.85 / 初見端倪的商業化運作´ؤ´ؤ《回家》的故事 --- p.85 / 企業贊助的公益廣告´ؤ´ؤ《海爾小兄弟》 --- p.86 / 規避制度局限´ؤ´ؤ菸酒企業贊助的公益廣告 --- p.87 / 此階段公益廣告運作機制分析 --- p.88 / 小結 --- p.91 / Chapter 第十章 --- 繁榮階段的公益廣告（1996 -2001) 一 一納入常規化和商業化的運作軌道 --- p.93 / “兩手抓，兩手都要硬´ح --- p.93 / 進入平穩發展階段的中國廣告行業： --- p.94 / 國家和市場´ؤ´ؤ兩股強大的勢力 --- p.95 / 繁榮階段的公益廣告活動 --- p.101 / 常規化 --- p.101 / 商業化 --- p.103 / 此階段公益廣告運作機制分析 --- p.108 / 小結 --- p.115 / Chapter 第十一章 --- 總結與討論 --- p.118 / 中國公益廣告的歷史發展 --- p.118 / 討論：政治經濟環境變化對於公益廣告運作機制的影響 --- p.122 / 國家的力量對公益廣告的發展所產生的影響 --- p.123 / 市場的力量對於公益廣告運作的影響 --- p.126 / 在國家和市場的共同作用之下尋找最有效率的活動空間 --- p.127 / 參考文獻 --- p.130

The exploration of the study was derived from the researcher’s experience and involvement in the Gauteng Department of Finance (GDF) which experienced gargantuan fatalities of recruited employees since 2009. The moratorium on recruitment process disadvantaged the department`s conditions as some employees were marooned for months. The researcher wondered how profound the staff turnover might have had the influence on the quality of services being delivered to the service customers. In most cases conducting recruitment process is expensive. It requires adequate time to ensure that resources are satisfactorily positioned, while retaining the existing workforce is tricky noting the cultural challenges and trepidation.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaf [64]. / by Tomas Rivera. / M.C.P.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of LImpopo, 2017 / The Internship programme has been used by many governments and employers throughout the world to integrate academic theory learnt at schools and Universities and practiced in the workplace. The South African government introduced the Public Service Internship Programme(PSIP) in 2002, and one of its objectives was to reduce the high rate of graduates who are unemployable by appointing them as graduate interns for a period of 12 months, thus providing them with the public service skills and experience required by the Public Service in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of the Public Service Internship Programme with regards to its contribution to the employability of graduates: The case of the Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment, and Tourism in the Republic of South Africa. The study used the qualitative research method to interview 80 respondents ranging from Executive Management, Senior Management, Middle Management, Junior Management, Operational employees, Mentors and Graduate Interns to solicit their views and understanding on the implementation of the Public Service Internship Programme within the department. The study used content analysis to analyse data obtained from the 80 research respondents. The analysis was made using themes in line with thematic content analysis. The research findings confirmed that Graduate Interns are obtaining the necessary and relevant skills that will make them employable after completing the PSIP. The PSIP imparts Graduate Interns with skills that contribute to their employability in both the public and private sectors. It instils confidence and provides exposure and experience to Graduates Interns to have competitive advantages during job interviews in the public service and the private sector. It is a very useful programme that must be supported and encouraged in the public service as it assisted many to get jobs and reduce the rate of graduate unemployment in South Africa. It is relevant, useful and necessary to deal with the unemployment of graduates. It is successful and must be promoted because most Graduate Interns are employable during and after the completion of the programme. The study made the following recommendations; That all stakeholders must be inducted on PSIP to ensure its successful implementation, mentors must be trained on mentoring and coaching prior to their appointment, Mentoring vi be linked to the key result areas and key performance indicators of employees for it to be recognised in terms of the Performance Management and Development System, PSIP must be monitored and evaluated like all other government programmes, that the assignment of duties to graduates must be in line with their qualifications and their careers, graduate interns should be allowed to attend departmental meetings and functions as part of their learning areas, that those interning on the departmental Human Resources Management and Development be granted access to the PERSAL system as it is an important system in the South African Public Service, exit interviews must be conducted to get feedback from the interns on the implementation of the programme, and that proper allocation of offices or work spaces must be done by the department to enhance and improve the working conditions of the Graduate Interns

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of LImpopo, 2017 / The Internship programme has been used by many governments and employers throughout the world to integrate academic theory learnt at schools and Universities and practiced in the workplace. The South African government introduced the Public Service Internship Programme(PSIP) in 2002, and one of its objectives was to reduce the high rate of graduates who are unemployable by appointing them as graduate interns for a period of 12 months, thus providing them with the public service skills and experience required by the Public Service in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of the Public Service Internship Programme with regards to its contribution to the employability of graduates: The case of the Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment, and Tourism in the Republic of South Africa. The study used the qualitative research method to interview 80 respondents ranging from Executive Management, Senior Management, Middle Management, Junior Management, Operational employees, Mentors and Graduate Interns to solicit their views and understanding on the implementation of the Public Service Internship Programme within the department. The study used content analysis to analyse data obtained from the 80 research respondents. The analysis was made using themes in line with thematic content analysis. The research findings confirmed that Graduate Interns are obtaining the necessary and relevant skills that will make them employable after completing the PSIP. The PSIP imparts Graduate Interns with skills that contribute to their employability in both the public and private sectors. It instils confidence and provides exposure and experience to Graduates Interns to have competitive advantages during job interviews in the public service and the private sector. It is a very useful programme that must be supported and encouraged in the public service as it assisted many to get jobs and reduce the rate of graduate unemployment in South Africa. It is relevant, useful and necessary to deal with the unemployment of graduates. It is successful and must be promoted because most Graduate Interns are employable during and after the completion of the programme. The study made the following recommendations; That all stakeholders must be inducted on PSIP to ensure its successful implementation, mentors must be trained on mentoring and coaching prior to their appointment, Mentoring vi be linked to the key result areas and key performance indicators of employees for it to be recognised in terms of the Performance Management and Development System, PSIP must be monitored and evaluated like all other government programmes, that the assignment of duties to graduates must be in line with their qualifications and their careers, graduate interns should be allowed to attend departmental meetings and functions as part of their learning areas, that those interning on the departmental Human Resources Management and Development be granted access to the PERSAL system as it is an important system in the South African Public Service, exit interviews must be conducted to get feedback from the interns on the implementation of the programme, and that proper allocation of offices or work spaces must be done by the department to enhance and improve the working conditions of the Graduate Interns .

The Commonwealth parliament's Public Accounts Committee (PAC) was established in 1913 and to the end of 1995 had produced 397 reports on government expenditure and administration, with almost all its recommendations implemented by government. However despite the Committee's prominence among the instruments parliament has used to oversight the executive, not only does it lack clear legislative authority for major areas of its activities but its specific purpose is not defined in its legislation. Among other things the latter omission renders proper evaluation of the PAC's effectiveness impossible, as objectives are a necessary prerequisite to assessment. This thesis establishes the de facto purpose of the Committee by tracing the development of standing public accounts committees generally, and by analysing the PAC's work as shown by its output of tabled reports. In that development, six evolutionary phases are identified: the PAC's roots in the move to a parliamentary control of the administration of government expenditure in Britain from the 1780s; its genesis in the 1850s with the concept of the standing public accounts committee, to be concerned with regularity and probity in government expenditure; its origins in the establishment of the British standing public accounts committee , in 1861, stressing high standards of government accounting, audit and reporting; its establishment in the Commonwealth, concentrating on information on departmental activities, efficient implementation of government programs and provision of policy advice; its re-establishment in 1951, stressing parliamentary control of government financial administration; and its operations from 1980, pressing for economic fundamentalist change in the public sector. Their output shows that in these phases the committees concerned displayed characteristic standing public accounts committee activism and independence in utilising the wording of their enabling documentation to adapt themselves to changes in their environment by pursuing a corresponding different mix of one or more of the following concurrent immediate aims: ensuring adequate systems of government accounting, audit and reporting; ensuring probity and regularity in departmental expenditure; obtaining and disseminating information on departmental activities; ensuring high standards of departmental administration and management; providing policy advice to executive government; and ensuring economic, efficient and effective government spending. Together these attributes and practices have made the PAC a parliamentary instrument of unequalled flexibility with a single continuing underlying aim - a purpose not concerning the public accounts per se, but directed at achieving high standards of management and administration in government by calling the Commonwealth's public service to account for its expenditure and activities.

The study explores how the Swedish public service TV institution imagines a child audience in a societal context where the broadcasting landscape hastransformed greatly over the past thirty years and where TV is seen to  constitute both risks and benefits for children. The concept of TV for children is established to broaden the scope for studying what has been broadcast for a child audience on public service TV. The empirical material consists of both broadcasting policy documents and an extensive selection of public service TV programmes targeting children, selected from 1980, 1992 and 2007, which marked before, during and after the abolishment of the Swedish public service broadcasting monopoly. The policy texts, as well as TV content, TV talk and TV visuality, have been studied to investigate how the imagined child audience is configured. The study shows that when the category ‘children’ is mentioned in the broadcasting legislation, they are seen foremost as being at risk of being harmed by commercial messages and only gradually as explicitly entitled to TV programme content meant for them. The broadcasting companies, however, have broadcast programming for the child audience during the whole research period. Adult notions form how children are represented. In the TV programmes, these notions have remained largely unchanged over the studied years, even if technology, legislative demands and approaches to narration also provide opportunities for change. The imagined child TV audience configured in TV for children is knowledgeable, but wanting and in need of more knowledge. This audience is also imagined as being close to nature, eager to interact with the programmes and activate on basically all occasions, which opposes the discursive view according to which children are passivized by television. This study of public service TV for children points to and questions discursive ideas about what it means to be a child in a mediated society. / Denna studie undersöker hur den svenska public service-TV-institutionen förställer sig en barnpublik i en samhällelig kontext där medielandskapet har genomgått förändringar under de senaste 30 åren och där TV ses som både en risk och en tillgång för barn. I avhandlingen etableras begreppet TV för barn för att visa på och lyfta fram bredden av den TV som riktar sig till en barnpublik. Studiens empiriska material består av lagstiftning, tillstånd och årsrapporter inom TV området och av ett omfattande urval av public service-TV-program för barn. Materialet har valts från 1980, 1992 och 2007, vilket betyder före, under och efter det svenska public service-monopolets upplösning. Dokumenten och TVprogrammen har studerats för att se hur föreställningar om en barn-TV-publik konfigureras. Studien visar att när kategorin barn efterhand nämns i TV lagstiftning och sändningstillstånd ses TV främst som en risk för barn, och då i förhållande till reklam. Först senare skrivs det fram explicit i dessa dokument att barn också ska ha tillgång till TV program. Public service företagen har dock sänt program för en barnpublik under hela undersökningsperioden. I TV-programmen har förställningarna om barn varit mer eller mindre stabila över den studerade tidsperioden, även om ny kommunikationsteknologi, förändringar i sändningstillstånden och sätt att berätta i TV har möjliggjort förändring. Studien visar att den tänkta barn-TV-publiken som konfigureras i TV-programmen är kunnig, men vill och behöver veta mer. Publiken föreställs också vara nära naturen, vilja interagera med TV och vara aktiv i nästan alla situationer. Detta ger en helt annan bild av barn-TV-publiken än den diskursiva föreställningen om det passiva barnet framför TV:n. Den här studien av public service-TV för barn påvisar och ifrågasätter diskursiva idéer om vad det innebär att kategoriseras som barn i ett medierat samhälle.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [121]-137). Also available on the Internet.