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Realising the right to property for women in rural LesothoNdlovu, Nokuthula January 2021 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / The right to property is a human right guaranteed to all, including women, under various international legal instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights as well as the Maputo Protocol. The right to property is further guaranteed under various Constitutions. However, despite the guarantee to the right to property, many women in Africa are deprived of their property rights.
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Právo domorodých národů v Latinské Americe k půdě / Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights in Latin AmericaČernota, Nela January 2020 (has links)
Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights in Latin America Indigenous peoples' cultures are known for their collective, spiritual, intergenerational relationship to their ancestral lands. Indigenous peoples not only depend on their territories with their subsistence but also with the preservation of their distinct cultures. Lands are, however, a significant factor in the vast human rights violations to which they subject. They are often faced with the dispossession of their traditional lands and the disruption of the ecological integrity of their territories. This also affects their traditional way of life and leads to the loss of their cultures. From the 1980s, indigenous peoples have started reclaiming their rights, which has also been reflected in their position under international law. In 1989, the International Labour Organisation Convention No. 169, the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention was adopted. This Convention anchored significantly higher standards of protection of indigenous peoples' rights to their lands. Above all, it abandoned the patriarchal approach of the International Labour Organisation's Convention No. 107, the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention. Convention No. 169, moreover, addresses indigenous peoples as 'peoples' rather than 'populations', as was the case in its...
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Účelová kategorizace půdy jako zásah do vlastnického práva / Purposeful Categorization of Land as an Interference with the Right to PropertyPour, Jiří January 2016 (has links)
Thesis Purposeful Categorization of Land as an Interference with the Right to Property presents an analysis of the institute of purposeful categorization of land and its specifics on a background of a theoretical thought about the right to property, the right to favorable environment and the collision of two constitutionally guaranteed rights. The purpose of this thesis is to assess current legislation of purposeful categorization of land, including the instruments that are used in relation to it, and to, based on the assessment, identify problematic issues of the legislation and asses the limitation of right to property that the individual instruments related to the institute create. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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A posse do art. 1276 do CC como forma de aquisição da propriedade imóvel / Possession of art. 1276 of the Civil Code as a way of acquisition of immovable propertyMarcelo Moutinho Ramalho Bittencourt 30 March 2015 (has links)
De inegável relevância na vida humana, a posse se configura como um dos temas mais controvertidos no âmbito do Direito Civil. Em todos os seus contornos e características, incluindo sua natureza jurídica, terminologia, efeitos e classificações, observamos um debate acirrado e polêmico a seu respeito, o que demonstra o firme interesse dos estudiosos sobre a possessio através dos séculos.
Ademais, compete ao aplicador do Direito compreender o fenômeno possessório a partir das premissas e valores constitucionais fundamentais, em especial o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, levando em consideração as mutações sociais e a realidade dos fatos, para que seja possível extrair do ordenamento caminhos efetivos à concretização de uma sociedade justa e solidária, a fim de erradicar a pobreza e diminuir as desigualdades sociais.
Neste contexto, de forma prospectiva e adequando os conceitos civilistas à Carta da República, defendemos a aplicação do artigo 1276 do Código Civil também em benefício do ocupante qualificado de imóvel abandonado, de modo a consolidar o domínio em seu favor no mesmo triênio conferido à Administração Pública, garantindo-se então aos menos favorecidos o legítimo acesso à moradia e ao trabalho.
Na medida em que o ser humano se constitui no foco de atenção, preocupação e proteção do ordenamento jurídico acreditamos que as exegeses normativas devem concretizar o disposto no artigo 1, inciso III, da Constituição da República, razão pela qual a posse de outrem exercida ininterruptamente sobre bem abandonado merece funcionar como forma de aquisição originária da propriedade imóvel privada no lapso de tempo estatuído no artigo 1276 do Código Civil. / Having undeniable relevance in human life, possession configures as one of the most contentious issues within Civil law. We observe a strained and controversial debate over all of its contours and features, including legal nature, terminology, effects and ratings. That shows scholars strong interest on possession through the centuries.
Besides, Law enforcers should understand possessory phenomena taking from the viewpoint of the assumptions and fundamental constitutional values, specially the principle of human dignity, taking into consideration the social changes and the reality of the facts, so as to extract from the Law effective paths to achieving a fair and caring society, aiming at erradicating poverty and reducing social inequality.
In this context, prospectively adapting the civilists concepts to the Charter of the Republic, we support the application of the article 1.276 of the Civil Code also to the qualified occupants of the abandoned property, in order to consolidate the domain on their behalf in the same triennium conferred to the public administration, ensuring to disadvantaged people the legitimate access to housing and employment.
To the extent that human beings are the focus of attention, concern and protection of the legal system, we believe that normative interpretations must implement the provisions set down in Article 1, section III of the Constitution. Thats why third party possession exercised uninterruptedly over abandoned property deserves recgnition as a form of original acquisition of private property in the lapse of time established in Article 1276 of the Civil Code.
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Políticas públicas habitacionais brasileiras e direito fundamental à moradia: interfaces e confrontaçõesLima, Filipe José Vilarim da Cunha 19 December 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis covers the need to accomplish the fundamental right to property. Therefore, its
main goal consists on the role of the State, as the agent responsible for the implementation of
the project development by the Federal Constitution of 1988, under which it is contemplated
the right to property; task to be undertaken through the implementation of public policies. To
achieve its objectives, the method of deductive approach will be used, as well as the
analytical, historical and interpretive methods, throughout bibliographic and documental
researches. This work will examine the relationship between the should be normative and
the social and political be , checking the determinant reasons for the lack of constitutional
norms implementation, which enshrine the social rights and establishes the need for positive,
constant and progressive state action to achieve these rights . It will also be equally addressed,
the national and international legal framework of the right to property , as well as policy
instruments established under the Brazilian Law for the materialization of this right. To sum it
up, the Brazilian housing policies will be faced and developed by the Brazilian State,
focusing on its positive and negative aspects, in order to analyze the exclusion reasons of the
low-income beneficiaries from the spectrum of the State actions, based on the necessary
assumptions to meet the housing deficit in this population layer. / A presente dissertação gravita em torno da necessidade de concretização do direito
fundamental à moradia. Seu objetivo geral consiste na delimitação do papel do Estado como
agente responsável pela concretização do projeto desenvolvimentista previsto na Constituição
Federal de 1988, em cujo âmbito está contemplado o direito à moradia, tarefa a ser
empreendida por intermédio da execução de políticas públicas. Para alcançar seu objetivo,
será utilizado o método de abordagem dedutivo, bem assim os métodos analíticos, histórico e
interpretativo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O trabalho analisará a relação
existente entre o dever-ser normativo e o ser social e político, averiguando os motivos
determinantes da ausência de concretização das normas constitucionais que consagram
direitos sociais e estabelecendo a necessidade de atuação positiva, constante e progressiva do
Estado para a concretização de tais direitos. Será abordado, igualmente, o quadro normativo
nacional e internacional do direito à moradia, bem como estabelecidos os instrumentos
políticos previstos na legislação brasileira para a materialização deste direito. Em conclusão,
serão enfrentadas as políticas habitacionais desenvolvidas pelo Estado brasileiro, com ênfase
nos seus aspectos negativos e positivos, em ordem a analisar os motivos da exclusão da
população de baixa renda do espectro de beneficiários das atuações estatais, com base no que
serão fixadas as premissas necessárias ao atendimento do déficit habitacional deste estrato
populacional.
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A posse do art. 1276 do CC como forma de aquisição da propriedade imóvel / Possession of art. 1276 of the Civil Code as a way of acquisition of immovable propertyMarcelo Moutinho Ramalho Bittencourt 30 March 2015 (has links)
De inegável relevância na vida humana, a posse se configura como um dos temas mais controvertidos no âmbito do Direito Civil. Em todos os seus contornos e características, incluindo sua natureza jurídica, terminologia, efeitos e classificações, observamos um debate acirrado e polêmico a seu respeito, o que demonstra o firme interesse dos estudiosos sobre a possessio através dos séculos.
Ademais, compete ao aplicador do Direito compreender o fenômeno possessório a partir das premissas e valores constitucionais fundamentais, em especial o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, levando em consideração as mutações sociais e a realidade dos fatos, para que seja possível extrair do ordenamento caminhos efetivos à concretização de uma sociedade justa e solidária, a fim de erradicar a pobreza e diminuir as desigualdades sociais.
Neste contexto, de forma prospectiva e adequando os conceitos civilistas à Carta da República, defendemos a aplicação do artigo 1276 do Código Civil também em benefício do ocupante qualificado de imóvel abandonado, de modo a consolidar o domínio em seu favor no mesmo triênio conferido à Administração Pública, garantindo-se então aos menos favorecidos o legítimo acesso à moradia e ao trabalho.
Na medida em que o ser humano se constitui no foco de atenção, preocupação e proteção do ordenamento jurídico acreditamos que as exegeses normativas devem concretizar o disposto no artigo 1, inciso III, da Constituição da República, razão pela qual a posse de outrem exercida ininterruptamente sobre bem abandonado merece funcionar como forma de aquisição originária da propriedade imóvel privada no lapso de tempo estatuído no artigo 1276 do Código Civil. / Having undeniable relevance in human life, possession configures as one of the most contentious issues within Civil law. We observe a strained and controversial debate over all of its contours and features, including legal nature, terminology, effects and ratings. That shows scholars strong interest on possession through the centuries.
Besides, Law enforcers should understand possessory phenomena taking from the viewpoint of the assumptions and fundamental constitutional values, specially the principle of human dignity, taking into consideration the social changes and the reality of the facts, so as to extract from the Law effective paths to achieving a fair and caring society, aiming at erradicating poverty and reducing social inequality.
In this context, prospectively adapting the civilists concepts to the Charter of the Republic, we support the application of the article 1.276 of the Civil Code also to the qualified occupants of the abandoned property, in order to consolidate the domain on their behalf in the same triennium conferred to the public administration, ensuring to disadvantaged people the legitimate access to housing and employment.
To the extent that human beings are the focus of attention, concern and protection of the legal system, we believe that normative interpretations must implement the provisions set down in Article 1, section III of the Constitution. Thats why third party possession exercised uninterruptedly over abandoned property deserves recgnition as a form of original acquisition of private property in the lapse of time established in Article 1276 of the Civil Code.
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Womenâs socio-economic rights in the context of HIV and AIDS in South Africa: thematic focus on health, housing, property and freedom from violenceAmollo, Rebecca January 2011 (has links)
The thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of womenâs rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve womenâs lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.
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Womenâs socio-economic rights in the context of HIV and AIDS in South Africa: thematic focus on health, housing, property and freedom from violenceAmollo, Rebecca January 2011 (has links)
The thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of womenâs rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve womenâs lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.
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The right to adequate housing : making sense of eviction procedures in the context of rental housing after Ndlovu V NgcoboLouw, Jacobus Francois 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLM (Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / 139 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages i-ix and numbered pages 1-130. Includes bibliography. / Digitized at 600 dpi grayscale to pdf format (OCR), using a Bizhub 250 Konica Minolta Scanner. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa must address the need for adequate housing. Since
democracy in 1994, the government has promulgated a number of acts to
achieve the goal of adequate housing for all. These include the Prevention
of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act (PIE) and
the Rental Housing Act (RHA). The problem for the courts is knowing
when to apply each act.
To reach the goal embodied in the constitutional right of adequate
housing for all, the government has invested R18 billion in housing since
1994. Despite this, the need for housing has escalated. The RHA, in
which the legislature tried to create a balance between the rights of
landlords and tenants, followed. This was done in order to alleviate some
of the pressure to ensure access to land, which rests solely on the
shoulders of the government. The legislature tried to create a sphere into
which private investors would want to invest their money. A number of
recent cases dealing with tenants who defaulted on their rentals and the
landlord's capacity to effect eviction raised awareness about the existing
inadequacies of the law in this particular field. In a Supreme Court of
Appeal ruling, the court found that when a landlord wants to evict a
defaulting tenant the time-consuming and costly procedure of PIE should
be used.
The assumption underlying this study is that PIE should not be applicable
in cases of evicting a defaulting tenant. The rights and duties of the
various parties involved in rental housing therefore need to be examined.
The main aim is, however, to ascertain which procedure should be
employed when obtaining an eviction order against a party holding over
and what the effects are when the most appropriate eviction procedure is
not used. A well-regulated relationship would ensure the best balance of
interest for the landlord, tenant and the government by creating a market
in which a landlord could make money out of letting and more tenants
could obtain adequate housing through renting. A further assumption is
that the rei vindicatio should be used when having a defaulting tenant
evicted. It offers an alternative procedure that does not undermine the
objectives of the housing legislation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika ervaar tans 'n probleem met die verskaffing van behuising vir
almal. Sedert die land se verwerwing van demokrasie in 1994 het die
wetgewer 'n hele reeks wette aangeneem om die probleem op te los,
ondermeer die Wet op Huurbehuising en die Wet op die Voorkoming van
Onwettige Uitsetting en Onregmatige Okkupasie van Grond (hierna
verwys as PIE). Die howe ondervind soms probleme wanneer daar bepaal
moet word wanneer 'n spesifieke wet van toepassing behoort te wees en
wanneer.
Ten spyte van die R18 miljard wat die regering reeds bestee het aan armes
sonder huise, het die getal mense wat sonder geskikte behuising woon
gegroei. Die wetgewer het deur die promulgasie van die Wet op
Huurbehuising gepoog om 'n mark te skep waarin daar behuising verskaf
sal word in die vorm van huurbehuising. Terselfdertyd sal die
privaatsektor baie nodige geld in die huurmark kan investeer. Onlangse
regsspraak in die verband dui daarop dat daar nog baie leemtes bestaan
veral met verwysing na uitsetting. Na 'n resente Appelhof beslissing sal
die verhuurder van die meer tydrowende en duurder prosedures in PIE
gebruik moet maak om 'n persoon uitgesit te kry.
Die onderliggende aanname is dat PIE nie van toepassing behoort te wees
wanneer 'n verhuurder 'n huurder wat agterstallig is met die huur wil
uitsit nie. Die regte van beide huurder en verhuurder word gevolglik
bestudeer. Die hoof-oogmerk van die studie is egter om vas te stel watter
uitsettingsprosedure die beste sal wees en wat die gevolge sal wees indien
die prosedure nie gebruik word nie. 'n Goed gereguleerde huurmark sal
sorg dat huurders genoegsame beskerming geniet, dat die verhuurder geld
sal kan maak uit die huurmark en dat die regering se druk tot 'n mate
verlig word. 'n Verdere aanname is dat die prosedure vir die rei vindicatio
die korrekte prosedure is om te gebruik om 'n huurder wat versuim om
sy/haar huur te betaal uit te sit. Die rei vindicatio word gevolglik bestudeer en daar word getoon dat die prosedure aansienlik van die van PIE verskil. Dit bied 'n alternatief en is nie van so aard dat dit die behuisings wetgewing se oogmerke belemmer nie.
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Approach to the constitutional content of the right of indigenous peoples ownership of ancestral territories / Aproximación al contenido constitucional del derecho de los pueblos indígenas a la propiedad sobre sus territorios ancestralesRuiz Molleda, Juan Carlos 10 April 2018 (has links)
The present article seeks to approach to the constitutional content of the right of indigenous peoples to their territories, especially the one developed by the Inter American Court of Human Rights, in view of the substantial pronouncements of this important court, its guarantor rights character, and it’s binding to the operators of the justice system of our country character. / El presente artículo intenta aproximarse al contenido constitucional del derecho de los pueblos indígenas sobre sus territorios, de manera especial al desarrollado por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, en atención a los sustanciosos pronunciamientos de este importante tribunal, a su carácter garante de derechos, y de su carácter vinculante para los operadores del sistema de justicia de nuestro país.
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