Agens, vilket definieras som klientens upplevelse av att intentionellt kunna handla utifrån önskade och förväntade utfall, men också upplevelsen av att kunna påverka utgången av sitt liv, har i tidigare forskning lyfts fram som en potentiell common factor och psykologisk förändringsmekanism vid psykoterapeutisk behandling. Föreliggande studie syftade till att undersöka terapeuters upplevelse av arbetet med klientens agens i psykoterapi. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma leg. psykoterapeuter och/eller leg. psykologer genomfördes och analyserades utifrån en induktiv tematisk analys, vilket mynnade ut i tre teman: Det konfliktfyllda agentskapet, Värdet av agens i psykoterapi och Att främja agens - ett gemensamt arbete. Studiens resultat visar att klientens agentskap upplevdes konfliktfyllt och svårt att hantera för klienten, vilket påverkade det terapeutiska arbetet och krävde bedömning och medvetandegörande från terapeuten. Att arbeta agensfrämjande upplevdes ha ett stort värde och som en grundförutsättning för att åstadkomma varaktig förändring. Klientens agens upplevdes främjas av ett gemensamt arbete, vilket terapeuten behöver skapa förutsättningar för. Studiens resultat går i linje med tidigare forskning om agens som en möjlig psykologisk förändringsmekanism och common factor, vilket lyfter frågan huruvida framtida psykoterapeutisk behandling och klinisk träning av terapeuter bör ha en större betoning på kärnprocesserna i en effektiv terapi, där klientens agens kan vara en sådan. / Agency, which can be defined as the experience of being able to intentionally act upon wished and anticipated outcomes, but also the experience of being able to influence the outcome of one’s life, has in previous research been proposed as a potential common factor and mechanism of change in psychotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to explore therapists’ experiences of working with client’s agency in psychotherapy. This was explored by using a qualitative approach and was based on seven semi-structured interviews with licensed psychologists and/or licensed psychotherapists. The data was analysed through an inductive thematic analysis, which resulted in three themes: The conflicts of agency, The value of agency in psychotherapy and Fostering agency - A joint work. The results showed that the therapists’ experiences client´s agency as something conflicted and difficult for the clients to manage, which affects the therapeutic work and thereby requires assessment and raising awareness. Furthermore, working with a client´s agency was highly valued and experienced as a prerequisite for achieving long lasting change in therapy. A joint work between therapist and client, which the therapist needs to create conditions for, was experienced as something that fostered the client’s agency. The results of the study are consistent with previous research regarding agency as a potential common factor and mechanism of change in psychotherapy. This raises the question of whether psychotherapy and clinical training of psychotherapists should put a greater emphasis on core processes in an effective psychotherapy, perhaps such as client’s agency.

Syfte. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kvinnors upplevelser av att ha PMS i arbetslivet. Målet med studien var att beskriva vilka faktorer som är centrala i detta samt eventuella behov kopplade till upplevelsen. Metod. Studien använde kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerad intervju och tematisk analys som metod. 6 yrkesaktiva kvinnor mellan 26–42 år med regelbunden PMS rekryterades i ett ändamålsenligt tillgänglighetsurval för att bäst fånga in studiens syfte och frågeställning. Resultat. Analysen resulterade i följande huvudteman; 1) Kunskap är nyckeln till förståelse, 2) Sociala faktorer försvårar och underlättar, 3) Belastningar ökar och 4) Anpassningar hjälper. Kunskap om ämnet rapporterades som en viktig grundförutsättning för att hantera PMS. Belastningar i arbetet upplevdes öka under PMS samtidigt som sociala faktorer både försvårade och underlättade upplevelsen. Anpassningar av arbetsupplägget och i arbetsmiljön efterfrågades samt upplevdes vara hjälpsamma vid PMS. Slutsats. Att arbeta med PMS upplevs vara belastande och kunna leda till stress och utmattningsproblematik. Hjälpsamma anpassningar vid PMS erfordras och behöver föregås av dialog på arbetsplatsen, vilket i sin tur kräver kunskapsutveckling om PMS inom organisationen / Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine women's experiences of having PMS in the worklife. The goal was to describe which factors are central and which needs are related to them. Method. The study was qualitative and specific methods were semi structured interviews and thematic analysis. 6 participants were recruited through expedient and availability selection. The participants were working females, aged 26–42, with regular PMS. Results. Main themes in the analysis were; 1) Knowledge is the key to understanding, 2)Social factors complicate and facilitate, 3) Strains increase, and 4) Adjustments helps. Knowledge about PMS is necessary in order to cope. Strains within the work context were experienced as higher during PMS. Social factors at work were reported to both obstruct and ease symptoms whilst adaptations in the workplace were requested and helpful. Conclusion. To work during PMS is experienced as burdensome and can possibly cause stress and burnout. Helpful adjustments during PMS is required but needs to be preceded by conversation at the workplace, which in its turn is required to be preceded by increased knowledge within the organization.

Collaborative Consumption is an economic model wherein consumers gain access to goods without acquiring ownership, for example through sharing, trading, swapping, or renting (Belk, 2014). This approach is often viewed as a means to enhance resource efficiency and transform the economy in a sustainable way (Botsman, 2013). Likewise, the concept of toy rental suggests a more eco-friendly alternative to purchasing, extending a toy's lifespan through shared usage among multiple families (Martin-Woodhead & Waight, 2023). The empirical data for this thesis was gathered through in-depth interviews, centered around a case study involving the toy-rental subscription service Tribu Box. This thesis aims to gain a deeper understanding of the behavioral drivers that influence parents’ adoption of Collaborative Consumption behavior within the children’s goods industry. This includes exploring internal and external motivators and barriers, as well as shedding light on how this consumption model contributes to sign-value and self-expression. The findings highlight that parents primarily value Collaborative Consumption in the form of toy rental for its practical utility, simplifying daily life and decluttering. Additionally, it enables parents to construct an identity centered around family time rather than material possessions and differentiating them from previous generations through increased adaptability and flexibility. Building on these findings and drawing on previous literature on environmental communication, the second part of this thesis formulates communication strategies that aim to promote sustainable consumption behaviors, encouraging consumers to embrace various forms of Collaborative Consumption.

Att behöva hantera andra människors emotioner samtidigt som arbetaren förväntades kunna reglera sina egna emotioner i arbetet kunde i många arbetssituationer upplevas som påfrestande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur det är för anställda att arbeta med människor som befinner sig i utsatta situationer. Forskningsstudien tittade även närmare på emotionell påverkan och interaktion i den professionella arbetsrollen. Studien var kvalitativ där 10 personer intervjuades semistrukturerat. Det empiriska materialet analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analysmetod. Studiens resultat visade att en känslomässig konflikt uppstod i arbetssituationer där den anställda upplevde känslor som ofta inte kunde uppvisas utåt på grund av att en bestämd interaktion och uppträdandeform ingick i arbetsrollen. Effekten blev att arbetaren endast visade upp sina känslor på en ytlig nivå (surface acting) utan att ta del av känslan på djupet. Ytterligare resultat var att arbetaren förväntades se på arbetssituationer utifrån ett större perspektiv. Detta skedde på sättet att arbetaren ska kunna sätta sig in i andra människors känslor. Exempelvis genom att lyssna, ta emot och bekräfta. Detta kunde upplevas som emotionellt ansträngande i längden. En majoritet kunde känna en utmattning när de kom hem från sitt arbete, men ingen utbrändhet har visats i den här studien. / Having to deal with other people's emotions at the same time as the worker was expected to be able to regulate their own emotions at work could in many work situations be perceived as stressful. The purpose of the study was to investigate what it is like for employees to work with people who are in vulnerable situations. The research study also looked more closely at emotional impact and interaction in the professional work role. The study was qualitative where 10 people were interviewed in a semi-structured way. The empirical material was analyzed using a thematic analysis method. The results of the study showed that a feeling of conflict arose in work situations where the employee experienced emotions that often could not be expressed outwards due to a determined interaction and form of behavior being included in the work role. The effect became that the worker only showed their feelings on a superficial level (surface acting) without taking part in the feeling in depth. An additional result was that the worker was expected to look at work situations from a larger perspective. This was done in the way that the worker should be able to understand other people's feelings. For example, by listening, receiving and confirming. This could be experienced as emotionally exhausting in the long run. A majority could feel exhausted when they came home from work, but no burnout has been shown in this study.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting multiple domains in patients. Previous studies have illustrated the impact of healthcare disparities in patients with PD, illustrating worsened health outcomes between Black and White patient groups in all steps of the healthcare system such as diagnosis. Furthermore, the current literature has also illustrated the impact of low literacy levels on health-related outcomes in PD patients. While its role specifically in PD patients needs further understanding, language barriers have also affected patients and their interactions with the healthcare system, and its role in PD patients should be considered. In this research study, we aim to address the gaps in the existing literature through a mixed-methods design, using both qualitative and quantitative methods to address patients of Black/African-American, Hispanic/Latinx ethnicities or patients who speak Haitian Creole and Spanish regarding their experiences with diagnosis and treatment of PD.. We also aim to assess providers and their attitudes towards barriers they feel their patients from these populations may face, and to ultimately use the data of this study to develop educational videos for PD patients of these backgrounds. Ultimately, the findings of this research study may be influential not only for PD patients from these backgrounds by potentially improving their healthcare experience, but also other researchers continuing to investigate these disparities in PD and medicine overall.

In today's society, most media users are aware that the image of reality that media producers create differs from real life. However, the knowledge about the power that the media holds is forgotten in daily media use. This is due, among other things, to the fact that the image of reality that the media communicates is in many cases more tangible than the actual reality. The media thus has a decisive role in how reality is perceived, and in this case how relationships are perceived. A negative or unrealistic representation of romantic relationships can cause a problem for individuals' perception and attitudes towards their partners, or future partners. In recent years, romantic comedies have slowly become more popular with both men and women. They have started spreading from their conventional and traditional structure to other territories and areas. The genre is characterized by a focus on idealized love. It usually consists of suspense with love being challenged and a happy ending to the story. The plot keeps the audience glued to their seats hoping that love will triumph in the end. This study aims to investigate the representation of relationships in three romantic comedies from the 2010s. Certain expectations of a romantic relationship can be constructed in the films. By scanning the movie database IMDb for the top rated romantic comedies from the 2010s the top three movies were selected, with the three movies being Leap Year (2010), Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011) and Something Borrowed (2011). By applying a thematic analysis, the representation of the main relationships in the movies will be analyzed. Themes will be selected in relevance to the research question.  The relationships in the movies showed interesting similarities and differences in the way gender roles, initiative and complications were represented. Stuart Hall's theory of representation supports the study´s emphasis on the importance of the topic and explains how stereotyping can be used by producers to promote a specific demeanor.

In Sweden as well as internationally, the demographic development is moving towards an increasingly older population. At the same time the risk for dementia increases with age. This implies a future increased need for care and support for the elderly and for those diagnosed with dementia. Currently, family members already take a substantial responsibility for their relatives´ care and support, which can impose both physical and psychological burdens on the caregivers. The purpose of this study is therefore to explore the experience of informal caregiving. This is achieved through a thematic analysis of three authors´narratives of their relationship with a parent with dementia. The results indicating that informal caregiving is demanding and exhausting while the satisfaction with the relationship provides a sense of purpose, which influence the experience of caregiving. Furthermore, an effective communication and positive interactions with care professionals facilitate the process. Continued research is necessary to assess the specific support that adult children of parents with dementia require.

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