Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver, caracterizar e avaliar, do ponto de vista dos voluntários, uma Placa Polimérica Derivada de Óleo de Mamona (PPDOM) para utilização com fins termoterápicos. A PPDOM tem utilidade similar às bolsas de gel ou de água quente, disponíveis comercialmente, apresentando bom acoplamento e moldando-se ao corpo sem variações na espessura, possibilitando uma troca de temperatura mais uniforme na área de aplicação. Os requisitos da PPDOM foram determinados por análise de referências científicas, através de trabalhos indicando os índices de desempenho necessários na termoterapia, e seu desenvolvimento foi iterativo, sendo a formulação do polímero derivado de óleo de mamona modificada de acordo com as características obtidas no protótipo anterior, até produzir placas capazes de atender aos requisitos propostos. Foram confeccionadas três placas (5, 10 e 15 mm) e realizados os testes de retenção de calor, troca de calor, termogravimetria e calorimetria exploratória diferencial. Foi selecionado um material de revestimento para as PPDOMs capaz de suportar a temperatura de trabalho, atóxico, asséptico, não alergênico e flexível, e fabricado um envoltório de tecido 100% algodão, para facilitar sua aplicação, eliminando a necessidade de utilização de toalhas. Para avaliar a aplicabilidade clínica da PPDOM, 30 voluntários se submeteram a sua aplicação durante 20 minutos e responderam a um questionário, através da escala de Likert, sobre parâmetros subjetivos como conforto, sensação térmica, toque superficial, aparência, além de expressarem a opinião a respeito do material desenvolvido. Os resultados demonstraram que a placa desenvolvida atinge temperatura máxima de 80,1 ± 0,8 graus Celsius após 15,0 min de aquecimento em água inicialmente à temperatura de ebulição e, se aplicada nestas condições, eleva a temperatura da pele acima dos 40 graus Celsius, que é a temperatura clínica, em 3,0 min, mantendo-a acima deste valor até 32,5 min após o contato com a pele. As respostas dos voluntários indicaram aceitação, sendo este um produto viável para aplicação clínica. / The objective of this work is to develop, characterize and evaluate, from the viewpoint of volunteers, a Polymeric Plate Derived from Castor Oil (PPDCO) for thermotherapeutic application. The PPDCO has utility similar to the gel or hot water bags, which are commercially available, attaching well to the patient\'s body and molding to it without variation in thickness, allowing more uniform temperature exchange in the application region. The requirements of the PPDCO were determined by analysis of scientific references that indicated the performance factors required in thermotherapy, and the development was iterative, being the formulation of the polymer derived from castor oil modified according to the characteristics obtained in the previous manufactured prototype, until producing plates that completely fulfill the proposed requirements. Three plates were prepared (5, 10 and 15 mm) and tested for heat retention, heat exchange, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. It was selected a coating material for the PPDCOs capable of withstanding the operating temperature, non-toxic, aseptic, non-allergenic and flexible, and it was also made a 100% cotton wrap, to facilitate the PPDCO application, eliminating the use of towels. To evaluate the clinical applicability of PPDCOs, 30 volunteers underwent its application for 20 minutes and answered a questionnaire using the Likert scale about subjective parameters such as comfort, thermal sensation, light touch, appearance, and express their opinion about the developed material. The results showed that the developed plate reaches a maximum temperature of 80.1 \'+ OU -\' 0.8 Celsius degrees after 15.0 min of heating in water initially at boiling temperature and, if applied in these conditions, increases skin temperature above 40 Celsius degrees, which is the clinic temperature, in 3.0 min, keeping it above this value up to 32.5 min after contact with the skin. The responses of the volunteers indicated their acceptance, being the PPDCO a viable product for clinical application.

M.Tech. / The term „myofascial‟ is derived from the word „myo‟ meaning muscle and „fascia‟ meaning connective tissue. Myofascial pain syndrome is a regional pain syndrome characterized by the presence of myofascial trigger points (Mense and Simons, 2001). The most crucial component of myofascial pain is muscle shortening from contracture (or „spasm‟). In fact, myofascial pain does not exist without muscle shortening. Prolonged shortening not only causes pain in the muscle but also physically pulls on tendons, thereby straining them and distressing the bone and joints they insert into and act upon (Gunn, 2002). Trigger points are most often discussed in the setting of myofascial pain syndromes, in which widespread or regional muscular pain is associated with hyperalgesia, psychological disturbance and significant restriction of daily activities (Huguenin, 2004).

M.Tech. / Myofascial pain has become a major cause of disability and chronic pain in our society today. Left untreated, myofascial pain syndrome can become a chronic pain condition. Chronic pain conditions can not only cause disability due to pain, but can also lead to related conditions such as depression, physical deconditioning due to lack of exercise, disturbance of sleep and other psychological and behavioural disturbances (Rachlin, 1994). The aim of this study was to determine whether cryotherapy or moist heat therapy was a superior therapeutic modality when applied to active Infraspinatus muscle trigger points post-dry needling. Participants were recruited into the study by the use of advertisements put up at various places on the university campus as well as in the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. Fourty participants that conformed to the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. The participants were randomly placed into two groups containing twenty participants in each group. Group A received cryotherapy post-dry needling and Group B received moist heat therapy post dry needling. Each participant received four treatments. The subjective and objective measurements were taken on the first, third and fifth visits. The fifth visit was scheduled to take final subjective and objective data only. The subjective data was obtained by measuring the participant‟s perception of their myofascial pain using the Visual Analogue Pain Scale. The objective data was obtained from the readings of the Algometer instrument, measuring the pressure pain threshold of the active myofascial trigger points in the Infraspinatus muscle. The results of this study indicated that both cryotherapy and moist heat therapy significantly benefited the participants in terms of the treatment of the active myofascial trigger points of the Infraspinatus muscle. However, based on the results, final conclusions could not be formulated on whether the dry needling itself would be beneficial without needing the cryotherapy or the moist heat therapy, as neither modality proved superior over the other.

Orientador: Leandro Palermo Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Millan_LeandroPrearo_D.pdf: 4533018 bytes, checksum: e773a91ae0a43139a214d9f81b444917 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O problema de transferência de calor com controle de temperatura incluindo um algoritmo genético para otimização do processo é estudado neste trabalho. O problema ocorre na terapia de tratamento de câncer denominada hipertermia em que tecidos ao redor do tumor são aquecidos a cerca de 40 ºC por um conjunto de antenas que envolvem o paciente, com orientação em fase e direcionadas a um ponto que recebe calor devido à incidência das ondas eletromagnéticas. O problema de transferência de calor em biosistemas emprega a equação de Pennes e as equações de Maxwell para determinação do campo elétrico e magnético. Um modelo bidimensional é estudado com o Método dos Elementos de Contorno incluindo o Método da Reciprocidade Dual (MECRD). A heterogeneidade do meio pode ser tratada com a associação de vários meios homogêneos pela inclusão de sub-regiões no tratamento pelo MECRD. É proposta uma nova função aproximadora no MECRD para tratar os efeitos de domínio das equações integrais relacionadas às equações de Maxwell e Pennes no regime estacionário, reduzidas a equações não homogêneas do tipo de Helmholtz. A convergência da função é avaliada em exemplos com geometria simples. O modelo foi testado para um caso com tumores em diferentes profundidades sendo os resultados comparados aos disponíveis na literatura / Abstract: The problem of heat transfer with temperature control including a genetic algorithm for optimization of the process is studied in this work. The problem occurs in the cancer therapy called hyperthermia in which tissue around the tumor is heated to about 40 ºC by a set o antennas that involve the patient, with phase orientation and directed to a spot that receives heat due the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The problem o heat transfer in biosystems employs the Pennes¿ equation and Maxwell¿s equations for determining the electric and magnetic field. A two-dimensional model is studied with the Boundary Element Method including the Dual Reciprocity Method (DRBEM). The heterogeneity of the medium can be treated with the combination of various homogeneous media by the inclusion of sub-regions in the DRBEM. It is proposed a new approximating function for DRBEM to treat the domain effects of the integral equations related to Maxwell¿s and Pennes¿ equations in steady state, reduced to non-homogeneous Helmholtz equations. The convergence of the function is evaluated in examples with simple geometry. The model was tested for a case with tumors in different depths been the results compared with the available literature / Doutorado / Estruturas / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Title: Observing of the skeletal muscle shape changes depending on human body surface temperature Objectives: The aim of this work is to observe the cross-section changes of the m. rectus femoris depending on human body surface temperature changes. The cross section of the muscle was characterized by two dimensions: VDDM (ventrodorsal dimension of muscle) and LMDM (lateromedial dimension of muscle). The body temperature was affected by local positive and negative thermotherapy methods. Methods: The first part of the experiment focused on the selection of appropriate local positive and negative thermotherapy forms. Four of them were selected (two positive thermotherapy methods - Peat thermotherapy bags and infrared heater InfraPhil HP3616 and two negative thermotherapy methods - gel bag Cryoflex and Cryogen 3 device) for the main research. Twelve subjects participated on the main experiment. Selected local positive thermotherapy methods were applied on the centre of the subject's thighs, subsequently selected negative thermotherapy methods were applied. The body surface temperature was measured immediately before application, after 30 minutes of positive thermotherapy and after subsequent negative thermotherapy application. Ultrasound images of m. rectus femoris were taken at same time. VDDM and...

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2016 / The theoretical and experimental investigation of electron spin-resonance relaxation to deposit thermal energy into liquid gadolinium-based contrast agents for cancer hyperthermia treatment is presented. Previous works suggest that using protons in water are inadequate, with a thermal deposition rate of approximately 1 ◦C per two years. A novel component of this research relies on the use of gadolinium-chelated molecules, which are currently used as contrast agents in clinical MRI scans. The chelating agents, or ligands, investigated are Gadobenate (MultiHance R ), Gadopentetate (Magnevist R ), Gadoterate (DotaremR ) and Gadoteridol (ProHance R ). The gadolinium atom has seven unpaired electrons in its inner f shell orbital and as a result has a 660 times stronger paramagnetic response when placed in an external magnetic field. The research tests the hypothesis that by using an appropriate external homogeneous DC magnetic field, together with a radiofrequency excited resonator, that a measurable amount of thermal energy is deposited into a liquid gadolinium-based contrast agent. The aim of this research is to ultimately discover a new cancer hyperthermia treatment. The research theory suggests that a temperature rate of 13.4 ◦C · s−1 can be achieved using the gadolinium-based contrast agents under certain experimental conditions, and a maximum of 29.4 ◦C · s−1 under more optimal conditions. The temperature rates are calculated using parameter values commonly found in literature and practice. The simulation and design of the DC magnetic field coil system is discussed, together with the simulation results and design parameters of the radiofrequency loop-gap resonator. The experimental results and analysis indicate that the selected contrast agents have varied responses based on their chemical nature and that only two out of the four contrast agents, Dotarem and ProHance, show a measurable effect albeit sufficiently small that statistical techniques were necessary to distinguish the effect from background. A model fit to the data is performed in order to determine the spin-lattice relaxation time of the contrast agents under the specified experimental conditions. The model estimate is significantly smaller than the values found in literature under similar conditions, with a spin-lattice relaxation time τ1e of approximately 0.2 ps compared to the literature value of 0.1 ns. Although the observed electron spin resonance heating rate is in the milli-Watt range it is still notably larger (167 000 times) compared to the heating rate obtained using protons. The low temperature rates suggest that a more suitable agent or molecule with a larger spin-relaxation time be used, in order to achieve clinical useful temperature rates in the range of 14 ◦C · s−1. / MT2017

Orientador: Celso Valentim Santilli / Resumo: A incidência de infecções cutâneas causadas por agentes bacterianos resistentes ao tratamento convencional com antibióticos tornou-se um grande problema de saúde pública. Algumas abordagens terapêuticas alternativas têm sido propostas, dentre elas a terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT) e hipertermia magnética (HM). A aPDT envolve a geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) por meio da combinação de luz, oxigênio molecular e um agente fotossensibilizador (FS), e a HM promove o aumento da temperatura de uma região anatômica submetendo nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro (SPIONPs) a um campo magnético alternado (CMA). O FS de escolha para este estudo foi a curcumina (CUR), muito usado em aPDT, porém tem a fotoavidade fortemente afetada em meios aquosos devido à tendência a agregação. Visando evitar isto, além de promover a melhoria da administração da CUR e a combinação de aPDT e HM num único material foi proposto neste trabalho a síntese de conjugados SPIONP-curcumina (Magh-CUR), assim como a sua avaliação em aPDT e HM contra Staphylococcus aureus em fase planctônica. Este material magnético foi preparado por uma metodologia de coprecipitação alcalina seguida por uma etapa de conjugação com a CUR. Os conjugados foram caracterizados por difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, potencial zeta, espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, termogravimetria, magnetometria e ensaios de HM. Os resultados evidenciaram que ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The incidence of cutaneous infections caused by bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotic treatment has become a major public health problem. Some alternative therapeutic approaches have been proposed, among them antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and magnetic hyperthermia (MH). The aPDT involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by using the combination of light, molecular oxygen and a photosensitizing agent (PS), and MH promotes temperature increase of an anatomic region by subjecting superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONPs) to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The PS of choice for this study was curcumin (CUR), widely used in aPDT, but still has its photoactivity strongly affected in aqueous media due to the tendency of aggregation. In order to solve this problem and to promote the improvement of the administration of CUR, we propose the combination of CUR and SPIONPs of maghemite in a single material. Therefore, the objective of this work was to synthesize a SPIONPs-curcumin conjugate (Magh-CUR) and, mediated by the aPDT, to evaluate it against Staphylococcus aureus in the planktonic phase. This magnetic material was prepared by an alkaline coprecipitation method followed by a conjugation step with CUR. The conjugates were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron transmission microscopy, zeta potential, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, thermogravimetry, magnetometry, MH assays. The characterizations showed that the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Devido à sua múltipla utilidade, a cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) é amplamente cultivada em mais de 127 países tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil, a cultura apresentou expansão em área plantada nos últimos anos em virtude da crescente demanda por biocombustíveis. Porém, a produção de mudas sadias tende a ser um fator limitante a este aumento de demanda, já que diversas doenças são transmitidas por toletes contaminados. Dentre estas, destaca-se o raquitismo da soqueira (RSD), causado pela bactéria fastidiosa Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) (KAO e DAMANN, 1980). De acordo com a literatura, a transmissão de Lxx se dá através de toletes contaminados e/ou instrumentos de corte, não havendo relatos sobre sua transmissão por sementes. Desta forma, seu controle se baseia no princípio da exclusão, através do uso de toletes tratados termicamente como fonte de material propagativo. Porém, não se conhece o efeito do tratamento no título de Lxx, uma vez que os relatos de eficiência da termoterapia baseiam-se em avaliações qualitativas. Em face destas informações, este estudo objetivou avaliar a transmissão de Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli por sementes e também quantificar o efeito da termoterapia no título de Lxx em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar através da PCR quantitativa em tempo real. No ensaio de transmissão via sementes, a bactéria foi detectada em altas incidências (>87%) em plantas de 90 dias oriundas de sementes coletadas de plantas infectadas e em quantidades estimadas superiores a 51 células por 100ng de DNA total de sementes. Além disso, aos 270 dias após o plantio, a bactéria foi isolada de 6 plantas. A identidade das colônias foi comprovada através de PCR convencional utilizando primers específicos para Lxx. Dois ensaios foram conduzidos para quantificar o efeito da termoterapia na população bacteriana. O título de Lxx foi determinado em folhas de plantas de duas variedades de cana-deaçúcar oriundas de toletes tratados termicamente ou não aos 90 dias após o plantio. O título inicial presente nos colmos utilizados como fonte de toletes interferiu na eficiência do tratamento, que reduziu a população bacteriana somente no ensaio onde os colmos apresentaram elevado título bacteriano inicial. Além disso, 70 e 55% das plantas oriundas de toletes tratados termicamente no primeiro e no segundo ensaio, respectivamente, apresentavam células de Lxx, porém em menores quantidades quando comparadas a plantas oriundas de toletes não tratados. Com isso, conclui-se que Lxx é transmitida em elevada frequência via sementes e a termoterapia, embora não tenha efeito erradicante pronunciado, é capaz de reduzir o título bacteriano no tecido vegetal. / Due to its multiple uses, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is widely cultivated in more than 127 tropical and subtropical countries. In Brazil, sugarcane cropping has increased in recent years because of the growing demand for biofuels. However, the production of healthy seedlings tends to be a limiting factor to this increase, since contaminated setts transmit many diseases. Among these, the Ratoon Stunting Disease (RSD) is a major disease caused by the fastidious bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) (KAO and DAMANN, 1980). According to the literature, the transmission of Lxx occurs through contaminated setts and/or cutting tools, but there are no reports of its transmission by seeds. Therefore, its control is based on the principle of exclusion using heat-treated setts as source of propagative material. However, the quantitative effect of the treatment on the bacterial titer is not known, since reports of thermotherapy efficiency are based on qualitative assessments. This study aimed to evaluate the transmission of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli by seeds and to quantify the effect of thermotherapy on Lxx in two sugarcane varieties using real-time quantitative PCR. In the test of disease transmission by seeds, the bacterium was detected in high incidences (>87%) in 90-day old plants generated from seeds collected from infected plants in quantities exceeding 51 cells per 100ng of total DNA of seeds. In addition, at 270 days after planting, the bacterium was isolated from six plants. The colony identity was confirmed by conventional PCR using Lxx-specific primers. Two trials were conducted to quantify thermotherapy effect on bacterial population. Lxx titers were determined 90 days after planting in plant leaves of two sugarcane varieties originated from setts subjected or not to heat-treatment. The initial bacterial titer in the stalks affected the treatment efficiency, which significantly reduced Lxx titers only in the trial where the stalks presented high initial bacterial levels. Moreover, 70 and 55% of the plants originated from heat-treated setts in the first and second tests, respectively, were infected with Lxx, cells; however, in smaller amounts compared to plants from untreated setts. Thus, it is concluded that Lxx is transmitted in high frequency by seeds and that the thermo treatment, although not efficient as an eradicating treatment, reduces the bacterial population in the plant tissue.

Darbo objektas − ištirti LAAMC SDI genetinių išteklių sodo obelų veislių virusologinę būklę ir taikant chemoterapijos ir termoterapijos metodus devirusuoti 'Connel Red' obels veislės mikroūglius. Darbo metodai: taikant PGR metodą ištirtos 35 introdukuotos obelų veislės įtrauktos į Nacionalinį augalų veislių sąrašą (2011 m.). Taikant chemoterapijos ir termoterapijos in vitro metodus siekta devirusuoti 'Connel Red' obels veislės mikroūglius. Tyrimai vykdyti Sodininkystės ir daržininkystės instituto (LAAMC SDI) sodo augalų genetikos ir biotechnologijos laboratorijoje. Virusų tyrimui 'Connel Red' obels veislės lapai paimti Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Sodininkystės ir daržininkystės instituto genetinių išteklių sode ir ištirti PGR metodu. 'Connel Red' obels veislėje aptiktas obelų latentinis chlorotinės dėmėtligės virusas (Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus – ACLSV). Obels veislė 'Connel Red' įvesta į in vitro sistemą. Devirusavimui taikyti termoterapijos ir chemoterapijos metodai. Chemoterapija vykdyta obels mikroūglių viršūnes pasodinant ant MS terpės (braškių dauginimo) + 0,75 mg/l BAP + 30 g sacharozės + 7 g Plant agaro, pH 5,8 su skirtingomis 10, 20, 30, 40 ir 50 mg/l-1 ribavirino koncentracijomis. Augalai kuriems taikyta chemoterapija savaitę laikyti kultivavimo kambaryje (21°C temperatūra, fotoperiodas 16/8 h), o tie kuriems taikyta chemoterapija ir termoterapija papildomai 7 dienas auginti 39 °C temperatūroje. Po devirusavimo mikroūgliai dauginti in vitro ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the work – the nuclear stock material of Apple trees at the Institute of Horticulture was virus tested by the PCR method, and it was found that the planting material complies with the requirements of it healthy. Prebasic material of Apple in nursery orchard, not found viral infections as well. Chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods were applied for the virus elimination. Method of the work – examined 35 Apple varieties (entered in a National List, 2011), were introduced from different countries in the garden of genetic resources at the Institute of Horticulture for selection purpose. Viruses ASGV, ACLSV and ASPV transmitted only through planting material were identified by PCR method. The aim of the study is to eliminate viruses from the microshoots of the 'Connel Red' apple tree variety by applying the chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods. The tests were carried out in the garden plant genetics and biotechnology laboratory of the Horticulture Institute (LAAMC SDI). For the virus research, leaves of the 'Connel Red' apple tree variety were collected in the garden of genetic resources of the Horticulture Institute of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, and analysed using the PGR method. The apple chlorotic leaf spot virus – ACLSV – was detected in the 'Connel Red' apple tree variety. The 'Connel Red' apple tree variety was introduced to the in vitro system. Chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods were applied for the virus elimination... [to full text]

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Yousef S. Haik, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (Jan. 13, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.