Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-14T19:59:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dieter.pdf: 18462192 bytes, checksum: 60a4b11114f9b22cbd27bd9bcf034aa8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-14T19:59:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dieter.pdf: 18462192 bytes, checksum: 60a4b11114f9b22cbd27bd9bcf034aa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-15 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / O modelo de simulação computacional por eventos discretos é uma poderosa ferramenta para a solução de problemas complexos na indústria. A tendência, segundo especialistas, é de que esta se transforme em uma importante ferramenta no processo decisório das organizações. Encontram-se, no entanto dificuldades no processo de integração e manutenção da ferramenta em longo prazo nas organizações, fazendo com que tal previsão não seja concretizada. A pesquisa propõe uma forma de integrar, e, principalmente, garantir o uso continuado de modelos de simulação por eventos discretos, por meio de uma estrutura de governança. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa transcorreu, primeiramente, sobre uma pesquisa empírica junto a especialistas do tema e um estudo do referencial teórico nacional e internacional sobre os motivos, pelos quais a longevidade funcional dos modelos de simulação é interrompida. O processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restrições (TOC) além de auxiliar na análise e prescrição de uma solução para o problema também contribuiu para a o entendimento do processo de implementação da mudança. O resultado da pesquisa foi um framework dividido em três etapas: preparação da empresa, desenvolvimento do sistema e manutenção com desdobramentos em processos, que, juntamente com uma estrutura de contabilidade de ganhos busca explicitar uma nova forma de entender os custos e os possíveis ganhos que o modelo pode proporcionar à organização. A contribuição da pesquisa versa sobre uma proposta de governança que possa garantir o uso continuado de modelos de simulação computacional e gerar ganhos à organização. / The Discrete Event Simulation is a powerful tool in the solution of complex problems in industry. The tendency, according to experts, is that it will become an important tool in the decision making process of the organizations. There are, however, difficulties in the process of integration and maintenance of the tool in long term in the organizations, so that this prevision does not become concrete. This research proposes a way to integrate and, most importantly, guarantee the continuous suitable usage of Discrete Event Simulation Models, by the means of a governance structure. The development of the research was, firstly, an empirical research with experts in the subject and a national and international theoretical reference about the reasons of the interruption of the functional longevity on the Simulation Models. The Thinking Process of Theory of Constraints (TOC) besides helping the analyses and prescription of a solution to the problem, also contributes to the understanding of the changing implementation process. The result of the research was a framework divided in three steps: preparation of the company, development of the system and maintenance with reflection in processes which, together with the accountant structure of benefits, tries to explain a new way of understanding the costs and possible gains that the model will suggest to the organization. The contribution of the research is about a governance proposal which can guarantee the continuous usage of computational simulation models and generate gains to the organization.

Muitos avanços e progressos na dinâmica dos sistemas de produção têm sido conseguidos por meio da aplicação de diversas técnicas e ferramentas de produção enxuta, teoria das restrições e sistemas híbridos. No entanto, é importante salientar que estas técnicas e ferramentas não devem ser usadas unicamente para solução de problemas operacionais de curto prazo, mas sim como um avanço no sentido de obter-se maior competitividade a ser apreciada, também no longo prazo. Apesar dos resultados positivos alcançados, muitas iniciativas de melhoria acabam por esbarrar no descompasso entre as expectativas dos agentes de mudança e os ganhos reais obtidos no horizonte de planejado desejado. Neste sentido, este trabalho propõe-se a desenvolver um método de implementação, pautado nos processos de raciocínio da teoria das restrições, procurando estabelecer uma base lógica de relacionamento entre as ações de melhoria a serem promovidas, seus efeitos esperados e os potenciais obstáculos à sua efetiva aplicação. Com isso, são estudadas com maior profundidade as ferramentas que compõem o processo de raciocínio e algumas ferramentas de melhoria de processos produtivos. Em seguida, o método é validado empiricamente por meio de uma aplicação em uma empresa do setor moveleiro. / Many progresses have been made on the dynamic of production systems by the application of several techniques and tools of lean production, theory of constraints and hybrid systems. However, it is important to point out that this techniques and tools should not only be used for short term problem solution, but a progress in the sense of obtaining larger competitiveness to be appreciated, also on the long term. In spite of the positive results reached, a lot of improvement initiatives face the gap between the change agent\'s expectations and the real gains obtained along the horizon of time. In this sense, this work intends to develop an implantation method, guided by the theory of constraints\' thinking process tools, trying to establish a logical base of relationship among the improvement actions to be promoted, its expected effects and the potential obstacles to its effective application. So, a large depth studied is promoted on the tools that compose the thinking processes and some improvement tools used on production systems, such as lean production tools. Soon after, the method proposed is validated by its application on a furniture industry.

本研究旨在探究有關「思考｣ 的中文辭彙，藉以一窺人類思考過程的全貌，並進一步透過隱喻與轉喻等認知語意機制 (參看Kövecses and Radden 1998, Lakoff 1993, Ruiz de Mendoza 2000, Diez Velasco’s 2003等人之論著)，分析人類思考過程的中文辭彙體現。 首先，我們修改認知心理學中所提的訊息處理模型 (參看Palmer and Kimchi 1986, Sternberg 1969, and Neisser 1967等人之論著)，根據修改過後的模型，得到人類思考過程的中文辭彙體現可分為七種類型。在進一步分析後發現，有關「思考｣ 的中文辭彙所牽涉的認知語意機制包括Lakoff (1993)提出的隱喻類型，Kövecses & Radden (1998)及Diez Velasco’s (2003)提出的轉喻類型，及Ruiz de Mendoza (2003)所提出來的隱喻和轉喻的交互模式，而本研究另外發現需透過三重轉喻及兩個新的隱喻和轉喻的交互模式才能完整建立起人類思考過程的中文辭彙體現的字面語意與其象徵語意之間的連結。 / In this study, we intend to claim that the backstage cognition of thinking process, through linguistic manifestation, can be explicitly detected with six dynamic continuing stages. In addition, each stage reifies itself with linguistic expressions of concrete observable parts or organs of body, which in turn demonstrate that lexical manifestation of thinking is heavily based on such mechanisms as metaphor and metonymy. (cf. Kövecses and Radden 1998, Lakoff 1993, Ruiz de Mendoza 2000, Diez Velasco’s 2003). First of all, we refine the information processing model proposed in cognitive psychology (cf. Palmer and Kimchi 1986, Sternberg 1969, and Neisser 1967). Based on the refined model, the Mandarin lexical reification of thinking is claimed to fall into six stages corresponding to six types. A special case linking two or more stages is observed as the seventh type. Then, we probe into the linguistic data from the seven types of thinking. The analysis discovers that a full explanation of those linguistic data from the six stages of the thinking process requires the activation of some types of metaphor. We have also found metonymy provides mental access to thinking activities. As to the interaction of metonymy, the three types of double metonymy are not sufficient to account for the lexical manifestation of thinking. Triple metonymy also needs to be employed to explain the meaning derivations of the data. Finally, it is found that the three interaction models of metaphor and metonymy are insufficient to cover all the possible interactions of cognitive mechanisms behind the lexical manifestation of thinking in Mandarin. This study reveals two new interaction models not mentioned by Ruiz de Mendoza (2000).

Muitos avanços e progressos na dinâmica dos sistemas de produção têm sido conseguidos por meio da aplicação de diversas técnicas e ferramentas de produção enxuta, teoria das restrições e sistemas híbridos. No entanto, é importante salientar que estas técnicas e ferramentas não devem ser usadas unicamente para solução de problemas operacionais de curto prazo, mas sim como um avanço no sentido de obter-se maior competitividade a ser apreciada, também no longo prazo. Apesar dos resultados positivos alcançados, muitas iniciativas de melhoria acabam por esbarrar no descompasso entre as expectativas dos agentes de mudança e os ganhos reais obtidos no horizonte de planejado desejado. Neste sentido, este trabalho propõe-se a desenvolver um método de implementação, pautado nos processos de raciocínio da teoria das restrições, procurando estabelecer uma base lógica de relacionamento entre as ações de melhoria a serem promovidas, seus efeitos esperados e os potenciais obstáculos à sua efetiva aplicação. Com isso, são estudadas com maior profundidade as ferramentas que compõem o processo de raciocínio e algumas ferramentas de melhoria de processos produtivos. Em seguida, o método é validado empiricamente por meio de uma aplicação em uma empresa do setor moveleiro. / Many progresses have been made on the dynamic of production systems by the application of several techniques and tools of lean production, theory of constraints and hybrid systems. However, it is important to point out that this techniques and tools should not only be used for short term problem solution, but a progress in the sense of obtaining larger competitiveness to be appreciated, also on the long term. In spite of the positive results reached, a lot of improvement initiatives face the gap between the change agent\'s expectations and the real gains obtained along the horizon of time. In this sense, this work intends to develop an implantation method, guided by the theory of constraints\' thinking process tools, trying to establish a logical base of relationship among the improvement actions to be promoted, its expected effects and the potential obstacles to its effective application. So, a large depth studied is promoted on the tools that compose the thinking processes and some improvement tools used on production systems, such as lean production tools. Soon after, the method proposed is validated by its application on a furniture industry.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-01T11:56:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lenon Pinheiro da Silva_.pdf: 6887963 bytes, checksum: 62a960898c5f216dcfa043fae8028b15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-01T11:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lenon Pinheiro da Silva_.pdf: 6887963 bytes, checksum: 62a960898c5f216dcfa043fae8028b15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / Nenhuma / Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), como qualquer organização de serviços, necessitam prover serviços de manutenção e conservação adequados às demandas de seus públicos e dos requerimentos das suas estruturas e instalações. Os serviços de manutenção e conservação ainda são vistos como despesas desnecessárias e muitas vezes são negligenciados pelos gestores das IES. Há o crescente aumento das expectativas dos alunos e funcionários sobre a entrega desses serviços, no que diz respeito à velocidade e qualidade. Além disso, a concorrência entre as IES privadas vem aumentando, o que torna os serviços de manutenção e conservação e as estruturas e instalações um diferencial competitivo. Dada a elevada variedade e complexidade desses serviços, encontrar o equilíbrio entre capacidade de entregá-los e demandas é um desafio. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e caracterizar os problemas encontrados nos serviços e instalações de uma IES que mais requerem atenção, assim como propor soluções para esses problemas. O estudo de caso foi conduzido em uma IES privada situada na região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O Processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restrições foi utilizado para estruturar os dados da pesquisa e propor melhorias. Para o levantamento de dados foram utilizados questionários baseados na revisão da literatura sobre manutenção e conservação em IES e o Processo de Pensamento. Esses questionários foram aplicados alunos, funcionários, professores, gestores e especialistas dos serviços que foram classificados em 20 grupos focais. Além disto, cinco entrevistas individuais foram realizadas com os principais gestores da IES. Foi possível identificar que os principais problemas em serviços e estruturas da IES são a climatização, limpeza e conservação e a tecnologia da informação, respectivamente. Existem problemas específicos dos serviços e estruturas como a falta de planejamento na manutenção, escassez de recursos e o comprometimento da imagem da IES. Existem outras dificuldades que estão acima do setor que administra a infraestrutura como o não reconhecimento da função manutenção na estratégia da IES e a falta de planejamento dos demais setores da IES. Foram propostas melhorias, que partem desde simples diagnósticos até ações mais efetivas, para os serviços e estruturas que mais apresentam problemas. Esta pesquisa contribuiu ao revelar o quanto as falhas e ou faltas nas entregas dos serviços de manutenção e conservação e as estruturas e instalações podem prejudicar o andamento das atividades acadêmicas e administrativas, logo, comprometendo a IES como um todo. / Higher Education Institutions (IES), as any service organization, need to provide maintenance services and adequate conservation demands of its stakeholders and the requirements of its structures and facilities. Maintenance services and conservation are still seen as unnecessary expenditure and are often overlooked by managers of IES. There is increasing the expectations of students and staff on the delivery of these services, with regard to the speed and quality. The competition among private IES is increasing, which makes the maintenance and conservation services and structures and facilities as a competitive advantage. Because of large variety and complexity of these services, find the balance between ability to deliver them and demands is a challenge. The objective of this research is to identify and characterize the problems encountered in the services and facilities of an IES that require more attention, as well as to propose solutions to these problems. The case study was conducted in a private institution located in the metropolitan of Porto Alegre, of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Thinking Process of Theory of Constraints of was used to structure the survey data and propose improvements. For data collection were used questionnaires based on a review of literature on maintenance and conservation in IES and Thinking Process. These questionnaires were students, staff, professors, managers and specialists of the services that were classified into 16 focus groups and 5 individual interviews. It was possible to identify the main problems in services and structures of IES are cooling, cleaning and information technology. There are specific problems between the services and structures such as the lack of planning of maintenance, resources and commitment of the image of the IES. There are other difficulties that are above the infrastructure sector as the non-recognition of the maintenance function in the IES strategy and the lack of planning of other sectors of the IES. Improvements have been proposed for the services and facilities which present more problems departing from simple diagnostics to more effective actions. This research helped to reveal how much the flaws and faults or deliveries of maintenance and conservation services and structures and facilities can hinder the work of the academic and administrative activities, so compromising the IES as a whole.

The thesis is focused on project management of IS/ICT projects, more specifically on the area concerning relationships among parties involved in IS/ICT project. The thesis presents two main contributions to the area of IS/ICT project management. Firstly, the thesis provides systematic order of available information in the area of relationships, and hence enables easy orientation in the area. This contribution is achieved via analysis of information contained in project management methodologies, IT Governance/IT Management standards, ISO standards, legislation and continual process improvement concept. Such analysis is followed by synthesis resulting in conceptual model of relationships among parties involved in IS/ICT projects. Secondly, the thesis provides recommendations that prevent potential problems to arise in the area of relationships among parties involved in IS/ICT projects. This contribution is achieved via application of conceptual model in the environment of real IS/ICT project, and consequent derivation of knowledge originating from problems of this project.

Hannah Arendt est très célèbre comme historienne d’idées (Les origines du totalitarisme), largement connue comme théoricienne politique (ses essais) et considérée comme philosophe (Condition de l’homme moderne, La vie de l’esprit). Ces dernières années, les spécialistes allemands d’Arendt ont mis également en relief son intérêt pour la littérature. Cette thèse met pour la première fois en évidence de manière systématique les divers aspects concrets du rapport d’Arendt à la poésie : tant ses textes sur la poésie et la littérature de différents auteurs, que ses textes théoriques sur la poésie et finalement ses propres poèmes. / Hannah Arendt is very famous as historian of ideas (Origins of totalitarism) and reknowned as political theorist (her essays) and as philosopher (The human condition, The life of the mind). The last years german scholars working on Arendt have brought out interest on Arendt and literature. For the first time this thesis stresses systematically different aspects on Arendt’s relation to poetry : her texts on poetry and literature of different authors as well as her theoretical texts on poetry and finally her own poetical texts.

In 1984, Eli Goldratt published his novel “The Goal – a process of ongoing improvement”. Constraints Management has since evolved into a field of study, still widely debated and written about today. Most companies soon realized that the principles of Constraints Management could no longer be ignored to stay competitive. The South African Breweries (now SABMiller plc) is the world's leading brewer in developing markets. The company has dominated the South African liquor market for years and is currently the second largest brewing company in the world, operating in Africa, China, Europe and the USA, yet even a company with this reputation can still be ignoring the basic principles of Constraints Management. This dissertation concentrates on the application of Constraints Management in a selected brewery in South Africa. The measures used in one of SAB’s most successful breweries will be tested against Constraints Management principles, illustrating how the practice of driving performance measures without focusing on the constraint can lead one away from the goal of the company. Rosslyn Brewery is a brewery driven by traditional brewing industry performance measures. The key drivers of the brewery have always been to increase factory efficiency and reduce costs. Rosslyn set the benchmark for packaging efficiency within SAB. The problem is that the packaging operation is not the constraint in the brewery. The throughput of the brewery is determined by the operation feeding into packaging, i.e. filtration. The end result is that even though the packaging lines have the best efficiency, they still have to stop and wait for beer to become available from filtration, resulting in downtime, frustration and eventually costly overtime and weekend work. The core conflict of the brewery is the trade-off between running all the resources as efficiently as possible, and thereby decreasing product cost, and running only the constraint as efficiently as possible, resulting in an increase in throughput. The Thinking Process was used to evaluate the conflict and a solution developed. The solution consists of the following: 1. The brewery has to adopt Constraints Management using the 5 step process of ongoing improvement. The capacity constraint has to be exploited and all other operations subordinated, to ensure that products are not produced for the sake of improving efficiency. 2. The operational measures of the brewery have to be changed from increasing factory efficiency and reducing R/hl to increasing throughput, decreasing inventory and decreasing operating expense. 3. The production schedule and raw material release for the whole plant need to be determined by filtration. This requires a change in the current advanced planning solution to incorporate the principles of Drum-Buffer-Rope. If the decision is made and actions taken, the brewery will be able to survive the next decade, even if there is a further decline in the market. If not, the focus will still be on reducing product cost, whilst improving the efficiency of all operations. This will lead to further line closures and retrenchments, doing nothing more but reducing SABMiller’s potential future capacity and flexibility. / Dissertation (MEng (Management of Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) / unrestricted

Afrikaans text / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Didaktiek)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa volta-se ao estudo de perdas não técnicas de distribuição de energia elétrica, visando a proposição de um plano estruturado de ações para atenuação do problema a partir de um método que alia as abordagens de Pensamento Sistêmico e Planejamento por Cenários (PSPC) e do Processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restrições (PP TOC). Para tanto, será adotada a pesquisa-ação, através das etapas de exploração, pesquisa aprofundada, ação e avaliação. O referencial teórico necessário para a realização da pesquisa aborda os temas Perdas Não Técnicas de energia elétrica, Pensamento Sistêmico, Planejamento por Cenários, Método PSPC e Processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restrições. O plano de ação obtido resulta de uma visão compreensiva da realidade estudada e de uma abordagem estruturada para a atenuação de perdas não técnicas no contexto abordado. As ações resultantes foram analisadas e a avaliação dos resultados atingidos com a pesquisa foi realizada de forma qualitativa por meio de entrevistas a três / This research turns to the study of non-technical losses in electricity distribution, aimed at proposing a structured plan of action to reduce the problem from a method that combines the approaches of Systems Thinking and Planning Scenarios(PSPC) and Thinking Process of the Theory of Constraints (PP TOC). To do so, will be adopted action research, through the stages of exploration, deep research, action and evaluation. The theoretical framework necessary for carrying out the research addresses the issues non-technical losses of electricity, Systems Thinking, Planning Scenarios, PSPC Method and Thinking Process of the Theory of Constraints. The plan of action obtained results from a comprehensive view of reality studied and a structured approach to the mitigation of non-technical losses to the context discussed. The actions were analyzed and the evaluation of the results achieved by the research was conducted qualitatively through interviews with three distinct audiences: the multidisciplinary team involved in