Chips with high computational power are the crux of today’s pervasive complex digital systems. Microprocessor circuits are evolving towards many core designs with the integration of hundreds of processing cores, memory elements and other devices on a single chip to sustain high performance computing while maintaining low design costs. Two decisive paradigm shifts in the semiconductor industry have made this evolution possible: (a) architectural and (b) organizational. At the heart of the architectural innovation is a scalable high speed data communication structure, the network-on-chip (NoC). NoC is an interconnect network for the glueless integration of on-chip components in the modern complex communication centric designs. In the recent days, NoC has replaced the traditional bus based architecture owing to its structured and modular design, scalability and low design cost. The organizational revolution has resulted in a globalized and collaborative supply chain with pervasive use of third party intellectual properties to reduce the time-to-market and overall design costs. Despite the advantages of these paradigm shifts, modern system-on-chips pose a plethora of security vulnerabilities. This work explores a threat model arising from a malicious NoC IP embedded with a hardware trojan affecting the resource availability of on-chip components. A rigorous simulation infrastructure is established to evaluate the feasibility and potency of such an attack. Further, a non-invasive runtime monitoring technique is proposed and thoroughly investigated to ensure the trustworthiness of a third party NoC IP with low overheads.

This article explores the influence of Chinese third-party payment transaction volume on the profitability of Chinese 15 commercial banks. The article starts from the operating model of third-party payment , and then builds four corresponding models from the four dimensions of deposits, loans, non-interest income, and return on assets to test the impact of third-party payment on the profitability of commercial banks. The article concludes with conclusion and recommendations for commercial banks to mitigate risks, supervise third-party payment platforms, and collaborate with third-party payment platforms. JEL Classification F12 Keywords third-party payment , commercial bank profitability, bank supervision , regression Title The impact of third-party payment on the profitability of Chinese commercial banks.

Dissertation Mats de Rooij Charles University Student Number: 17287595 ABSTRACT Keywords: ISIS oil financing strategy-making third-party interventions United States This dissertation will explore the US-led coalition's strategy for disrupting ISIS's oil network in Iraq and Syria. Scholars have debated the desirability of third-party interventions and strategies for countering financing structures of violent non- state actors. However, remarkably limited research exists on ISIS's estimated largest source of revenue during the existence of its caliphate: the production and distribution of petroleum. This study will therefore introduce a framework for analysing the military response enacted by the US-led coalition between September 2014 and October 2017. It will do so through a mixed method study that includes the first-hand generation and analysis of a dataset containing 5,768 unique data points that present both an insight into the strategy behind the strikes and vulnerabilities in ISIS's oil network. Findings demonstrate how the coalition was able to exploit vulnerabilities specifically in the production, transportation, and refinement stages of the production chain. It will be argued that, as the campaign proceeded, the coalition became increasingly willing to take risks of collateral damage as a...

In recent years, the rapid development of Internet finance has seized the financial market with a variety of business modes, which has had a strong impact on traditional financial institutions. This thesis analyzes the characteristics and main modes of Internet finance to explore the impact and future development of Internet finance. Due to the variety of Internet financial modes, this thesis uses a representative model of third-party payment to study the impact on residents, governments, and commercial banks. The main models used are OLS, panel data models, and VAR models. In order to explore the future development of Internet finance, this thesis not only compares the development of Internet finance in the United States, Europe, and China, but also analyzes the differences in the development of various regions. In addition, the thesis uses SWOT analysis to analyze the current environment of Internet finance, and speculates on future development trends and development measures that can be taken. Keywords: Internet finance, third-party payment, regional differences, future development

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O objetivo central do presente trabalho é contribuir para o aprimoramento da aplicação da denunciação da lide, que é instituto valorizado, especialmente porque é modalidade de intervenção de terceiro que se ajusta aos princípios da economia e da celeridade processuais. Além disso, evita decisões contraditórias, facilita o cumprimento de provimentos jurisdicionais e vincula o terceiro à coisa julgada. O instituto já era aplicado no direito romano, mudando radicalmente seus contornos no direito germânico primitivo. As características da denunciação da lide nesses dois sistemas são marcantes e influenciaram as demais legislações. A depender da preferência que se lhe pretenda conferir, o instituto estará mais associado ao caráter de assistência, auxiliando o terceiro na defesa do denunciante, ou de efetividade do processo, resolvendo duas demandas por meio de uma única instrução processual e sentença e possibilitando o reembolso do denunciante no mesmo feito. Pretendeu-se, com esse trabalho, destacar a importância do instituto, que possui traços modernos no direito brasileiro, sendo tratado por disposições de direito processual, de direito material e de direito consumerista. Apesar dessas diversas previsões legais, ainda existem controvérsias e imprecisões, gerando relativa insegurança jurídica, que poderia ser afastada, porém o projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil não as resolveu e, para piorar, suprimiu diversos avanços, tornando o instituto praticamente um desdobramento do chamamento ao processo, em que pesem os requisitos para a aplicação deles serem tecnicamente distintos. A inegável importância histórica da denunciação da lide, sua relevante utilidade e sua riqueza são evidentes, consistindo a modalidade de intervenção de terceiro mais utilizada na prática, o que justifica o estudo detido nesse trabalho. / The main goal of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the valued institute of implead, specially because it is a kind of third intervention institute that adjusts itself to the procedure principles of economy and celerity. Furthermore, it avoids contradictory decisions, facilitates the enforcement of judicial decisions and attach a third party to the res judicata. The institute was applied in roman law and changed its basis in earlier german law. Implead characteristics in both mentioned systems were remarkable and had an effect in other legal systems. It can be approached for different angles, or as an institute close to the so called assistência existing in Brazilian law, by which the third party helps on defense of the impleader, or as an instrument to procedure effectiveness, solving two suits by only one proof production and only one decision, and enabling the refund to impleader on the same suit. The intention of this work was to highlight the institutes magnitude, that is found in a modern conception, on procedure, material or consumers Brazilian laws. Despite been provided by law, there are still controversies and inaccuracies, what leads to judicial insecurity, that could be avoided. However, Civil Procedure Codes Project did not solve them, as well has suppressed many advances, making the institute a kind of the so called chamamento ao processo, a kind of invitation to the suit, although their requirements be technically different. The undeniable historical relevance of implead, its utility and value are manifest, and it is the third party proceedings most used, justifying the detailed study in this work

O objetivo central do presente trabalho é contribuir para o aprimoramento da aplicação da denunciação da lide, que é instituto valorizado, especialmente porque é modalidade de intervenção de terceiro que se ajusta aos princípios da economia e da celeridade processuais. Além disso, evita decisões contraditórias, facilita o cumprimento de provimentos jurisdicionais e vincula o terceiro à coisa julgada. O instituto já era aplicado no direito romano, mudando radicalmente seus contornos no direito germânico primitivo. As características da denunciação da lide nesses dois sistemas são marcantes e influenciaram as demais legislações. A depender da preferência que se lhe pretenda conferir, o instituto estará mais associado ao caráter de assistência, auxiliando o terceiro na defesa do denunciante, ou de efetividade do processo, resolvendo duas demandas por meio de uma única instrução processual e sentença e possibilitando o reembolso do denunciante no mesmo feito. Pretendeu-se, com esse trabalho, destacar a importância do instituto, que possui traços modernos no direito brasileiro, sendo tratado por disposições de direito processual, de direito material e de direito consumerista. Apesar dessas diversas previsões legais, ainda existem controvérsias e imprecisões, gerando relativa insegurança jurídica, que poderia ser afastada, porém o projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil não as resolveu e, para piorar, suprimiu diversos avanços, tornando o instituto praticamente um desdobramento do chamamento ao processo, em que pesem os requisitos para a aplicação deles serem tecnicamente distintos. A inegável importância histórica da denunciação da lide, sua relevante utilidade e sua riqueza são evidentes, consistindo a modalidade de intervenção de terceiro mais utilizada na prática, o que justifica o estudo detido nesse trabalho. / The main goal of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the valued institute of implead, specially because it is a kind of third intervention institute that adjusts itself to the procedure principles of economy and celerity. Furthermore, it avoids contradictory decisions, facilitates the enforcement of judicial decisions and attach a third party to the res judicata. The institute was applied in roman law and changed its basis in earlier german law. Implead characteristics in both mentioned systems were remarkable and had an effect in other legal systems. It can be approached for different angles, or as an institute close to the so called assistência existing in Brazilian law, by which the third party helps on defense of the impleader, or as an instrument to procedure effectiveness, solving two suits by only one proof production and only one decision, and enabling the refund to impleader on the same suit. The intention of this work was to highlight the institutes magnitude, that is found in a modern conception, on procedure, material or consumers Brazilian laws. Despite been provided by law, there are still controversies and inaccuracies, what leads to judicial insecurity, that could be avoided. However, Civil Procedure Codes Project did not solve them, as well has suppressed many advances, making the institute a kind of the so called chamamento ao processo, a kind of invitation to the suit, although their requirements be technically different. The undeniable historical relevance of implead, its utility and value are manifest, and it is the third party proceedings most used, justifying the detailed study in this work

Ce travail doctoral est une contribution à la compréhension des effets des labels lorsqu’ils sont associés aux marques. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux effets des labels sur la qualité perçue par le consommateur, les relations à la marque et le consentement à payer. La définition de la qualité et la désignation des instances en charge de sa normalisation sont des problématiques historiques dont on retrouve les traces tant dans les principes du droit romain que chez les théologiens médiévistes et, plus récemment, au cœur de la distinction théorique entre les biens ou les attributs de recherche, d’expérience et de croyance. La thèse aspire à dépasser la dyade marque-acheteur. Elle considère que la qualité ne peut être garantie par le seul offreur dans certaines circonstances. Nous inscrivons notre modélisation dans le cadre des enseignements des recherches sur le capital-marque et nous appuyons sur la théorie économique du signal. Les labels, en tant qu’émanation de l’action d’un tiers de confiance permettent de réduire l’asymétrie informationnelle facteur essentiel de la difficulté à estimer la qualité. Le design de notre expérience repose sur un plan factoriel complet de type 4 × 4 (quatre marques, sans label et trois types de label) en inter-sujets. Au total, 1005 acheteurs de marques d’un produit agroalimentaire de grande consommation ont été interrogés sur internet et en face-à-face. Les qualités psychométriques des instruments de mesure sont vérifiées, les interactions entre marque et label sont étudiées par les chemins de causalité et la mesure du consentement à payer est formalisée par une zone d’acceptabilité du prix. Un effet direct du label sur les variables dépendantes est constaté mais lorsque la marque est prise en compte cet effet disparait, mettant ainsi en évidence une médiation totale par la marque. Des effets indirects de médiation en chaîne sont également mesurés, différents d’un label à l’autre et selon la marque à laquelle ils sont associés. Nos résultats conduisent à donner avec prudence de l’importance aux stratégies d’association d’une marque et d’un label. / This doctoral work is a contribution to understand the effects of third-party seals when they are associated with brands. It focuses more precisely on their effects on the perceived quality, the relationship to brand and the willingness to pay. The determination of the quality and the designation of who is revealing it are historical issues which the foundations can be found in the principles of the Roman law, among the theologians medievalists and more recently in the heart of the theoretical distinction between research, experience and credence goods or characteristics. This thesis led to exceed the brand-buyer dyad and consider that the quality cannot be guaranteed by the single buyer, under certain circumstances. We took anchor on the signal theory with reference to research on brand equity. The third-party seals, as a consequence of the action of a trusted third party, can reduce information asymmetries linked to the difficulty to estimate the quality. Our experience is based on a 4 × 4 between-subjects full factorial design (four brands, without label and three types of third-party seals). A sample of 1005 buyers of a fast-moving consumer good was asked on the internet and face-to-face. The psychometric qualities of the measuring instruments are verified, brand-label interactions are studied by the path analysis and the extent of the willingness to pay is formalized by a zone of price acceptability. A direct effect of third-party seals on dependent variable is measured, but when the brand is taken into account this effect disappears, highlighting a total mediation by the brand. Indirect effects of serial multiple mediation are also underlined; the results differ from one third-party seal to another and depending on the brand to which they are associated. Our results lead to give with caution the importance to the association of a brand with a third-party seal.

Under de senaste fem åren har e-handlare börjat att outsourca sina lager och sin logistik till tredjepartslogistiker. E-handlarna vill kunna skräddarsy en lager och logistiklösning som uppfyller verksamhetens krav tillsammans med bolag som är experter på lager och logistik. Uppgiften är däremot komplicerad på grund av att e-handlare inte alltid vet vilken lösning som är bäst för deras verksamhet och har svårt att specificera vad som är deras behov. Dessutom har e-handlare ofta svårt att lära sig om tredjepartslogistikers roll i verksamheten och dra maximal nytta av samarbetet när tredjepartslogistiker väl har tagit över. E-handlares önskan om skräddarsydda lösningar ställer dock stora krav på tredjepartslogistiker på grund av att de måste anpassa sina verksamheter till många unika kunder, vilket kräver mycket kunskap och resurser. Uppgiften kompliceras ytterligare på grund av att tredjepartslogistiker, som är vana vid industrikunder, är osäkra på vad e-handelsföretag egentligen värdesätter och hur de skall arbeta värdeskapande från den initiala kontakten tills dess att någon part väljer att avsluta samarbetet. I dagsläget ställs det således stora krav på tredjepartslogistiker som arbetar mot e-handlare och författarna har därför valt att undersöka processen. Mer specifikt handlar examensarbetets syfte om att besvara med vilka aktiviteter som tredjepartslogistiker kan öka e-handelsföretagens upplevda värde, i försäljningsprocessens olika faser.   För att besvara syftet används först och främst teori kring värde, värdeskapande och försäljningsprocesser, vilket ligger till grund för en analysmodell och examensarbetets huvudstudie. Genom att konstruera en workshop där e-handlare får placera ut kort som representerar fördelar i en försäljningsprocess med fem faser, får författarna underlag för att kunna sluta sig till vilka fördelar e-handlare anser vara värdeskapande i de olika faserna. Varje fas analyseras sedan var för sig för att matcha fördelarna till aktiviteter hämtade från teorin om försäljningsprocesser. Genom att justera aktiviteterna med hänsyn till underlaget från huvudstudien resulterar varje analys i aktiviteter som en tredjepartslogistiker kan utföra för att öka e-handelskundernas upplevda värde. Analyserna har resulterat i ett ramverk av aktiviteter som strukturerar upp hur tredjepartslogistiker bör fokusera sina resurser och strukturera sina aktiviteter i försäljningsprocessens faser. Tillsammans med författarnas rekommendationer ger ramverket en struktur för hur tredjepartslogistiker bör arbeta om de vill öka e-handelskunders upplevda värde. / During the past five year online retailers have started to outsource their warehouse and logistics to third-party logistic providers. Online retailers’ reason for outsourcing are the possibility to develop a tailored solution, with regards to their businesses’ needs, as well as doing it together with a partner whom is an expert on warehouse management and logistics. However, outsourcing is a problematic and major decision for online retailers to make. Especially since they do not necessarily know how to specify their needs and select the best possible solution for their businesses. Additionally, online retailers find it challenging to incorporate third-party logistic providers and use their abilities and expertise optimally. Online retailers’ demand for tailored solutions stresses third-party logistic providers’ operations since they have to adapt their offering to multiple customers, which requires flexibility, resources, and knowledge. In addition, third-party logistic providers are accustomed to traditional industries. Therefore, they lack understanding of online retailers’ preferences and does not know how to create value in the process from an initial contact to an ongoing relationship.   In summary, there are huge demands on third-party logistic providers that have chosen to focus on online retailers. Therefore, the authors of this thesis have decided to investigate the process. More specifically the purpose of this thesis is to investigate by which activities third-party logistic providers can effectively increase online retailers perceived value in the sales process’ phases.   In order to achieve the purpose of this thesis the authors have applied theory of value, value-creation, and sales processes to design a model of analysis and develop the main study. With respect to the model of analysis a workshop was used, where online retailers got to place cards (representing benefits) in a sales process with five phases (representing the relation between online retailers and third-party logistic providers) to give the authors a basis for analysis. The online retailers had to select if they perceived a benefit to be of importance during different phases. Thereafter, each phase was analysed to pair benefits with activities that was found in theory about sales processes. By adjusting each activity with respect to data from the main study, each analysis resulted in activities that can be performed by third-party logistic providers in order to increase online retailers perceived value. Conclusions from the assays were then used to build a framework, structuring how third-party logistic providers should focus its resources and organize its activities in the phases of the sales process. Along with the authors’ recommendations the framework provides a structure for third-party logistics providers to be used in order to increase online retailers perceived value.

In this article, the author introduces us to the institution of third party funding and its future application in arbitration litigation. Third party funding allows the litigant’s costs can be funded. Moreover, he points out the problems that the third party financing has, and the implementation of rules to deal with this situation. Finally, there is a tendency to expand the duty of disclosure of the parties whether a third party is funding them. / En este artículo, el autor nos introduce a la institución del third party funding y su futura aplicación en los litigios arbitrales. El third party funding permite que los costos del litigante puedan ser financiados. Asimismo, señala los problemas que presenta el tercero financista, y la implementación de normas para afrontar esa situación. Finalmente, hay una tendencia de ampliar el deber de revelación de las partes sobre si se está siendo financiado por un tercero.