Esta tese representa uma contribuição ao estudo da arquitetura residencial paulistana produzida no período entre as Grandes Guerras. Com base em uma amostra de projetos sorteados de residências, constantes nos processos de aprovação de construção sob a guarda do Arquivo Geral da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo (Piqueri), analisa as inovações técnicoconstrutivas, os programas de necessidades e o repertório formal e estilístico empregados nas residências paulistanas das décadas de 20 e 30, enfocando particularmente as de classe média. Examina o quadro econômico, social, cultural e urbano existente na cidade de São Paulo no entre-guerras. Caracteriza os modelos estilísticos em voga nos anos 20 e 30 - o Neocolonial, em suas duas versões, e o Art Déco - refletindo acerca das mudanças de gosto, de comportamento e das influências estilísticas da arquitetura erudita sobre aquela popularizada na classe média. Revela o surgimento de uma nova linguagem estilística, o \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", e identifica um \"Estilo Indefinido\", também significativo na composição do panorama urbano da cidade de São Paulo desse período. / This thesis represents a contribution to the study of São Paulo\'s residential architecture in the period between the Wars. Based on samples of residential projects, appeared in the construction approval processes at General Archive of São Paulo\'s Municipal Government (Piqueri), it analyses the technical and constructive innovations, the necessity programs and the formal and stylistic repertoire used in São Paulo\'s homes in decades of 1920 and 1930, focusing specially the middle class. This work examines the economic, social, cultural and urban situation at São Paulo by that time. It characterizes the stylistic models in the twenties and thirties - the Neocolonial, in its two versions, and Art Déco - reflecting the changes in stylistic preferences, behaviours and erudite\'s influences over the popular architecture. It reveals the appearance of a new stylistic language, the \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", and identifies an \"Undefinied Style\", also significant in the composition of São Paulo\'s urban context in that period.

Fondée en 1926, la première Entente internationale de l’acier (EIA) était impuissante à contrôler le développement de nouvelles capacités de production dans les pays membres. Les groupes sidérurgiques nationaux réunis dans l’EIA se partageaient des quotas de production. Fin 1929, les maîtres de forges sont convaincus que l’EIA ne peut survivre qu’en passant à une réglementation des exportations. Ils lancent l’entreprise des Comptoirs internationaux d’exportation dont la mise en route s’avère aussi difficile que leur fonctionnement ultérieur. Ils échouent après quelques mois seulement (été 1930). En mars 1931, la première EIA cesse de fonctionner. On assiste alors à un déchaînement sans précédant de la concurrence. Les prix s’effondrent. Les dirigeants des firmes sidérurgiques cherchent alors le salut dans une nouvelle entente internationale. Les tractations aboutissent à la création de la seconde EIA (février 1933) qui, à l’opposé de la première, est axée sur un partage des seules exportations. Elle est coiffée d’une demi-douzaine de Comptoirs de vente internationaux qui règlementent les ventes à l’exportation. En même temps, on note une tendance très nette à la protection mutuelle des marchés intérieurs au sein de l’EIA. Le dépouillement d’une documentation abondante et inédite nous a permis d’analyser le dynamisme interne, les effets et les limites de l’EIA au cours des années trente. / The International Steel Cartel (ISC), founded in 1926, was unable to control the development of production capacity in the member countries. The steelmakers, who were gathered in the ISC, shared production quota. At the end of 1929, steel producers were convinced that the ISC could only survive by changing over in order to regulate exports. The steel manufacturers of Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Saar decided to set up provisional international export syndicates for single products. These export syndicates did not achieve their aim. In March 1931, the ISC ceased to operate so that we are witnessing an outburst of the competition. Prices collapsed. The steel managers were seeking salvation in a new international agreement. The negotiations succeeded in the creation of the second ISC (1933), which, contrary to the first one, was centred on sharing of only exports. It was topped by half a dozen international syndicates, which regulated export sales. At the same time, we can see a very clear trend towards the protection of the internal markets within the ISC. The analysis of new archives allows us a better understanding of the internal dynamism, the effects and limits of the cartel during the thirties.

Esta tese representa uma contribuição ao estudo da arquitetura residencial paulistana produzida no período entre as Grandes Guerras. Com base em uma amostra de projetos sorteados de residências, constantes nos processos de aprovação de construção sob a guarda do Arquivo Geral da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo (Piqueri), analisa as inovações técnicoconstrutivas, os programas de necessidades e o repertório formal e estilístico empregados nas residências paulistanas das décadas de 20 e 30, enfocando particularmente as de classe média. Examina o quadro econômico, social, cultural e urbano existente na cidade de São Paulo no entre-guerras. Caracteriza os modelos estilísticos em voga nos anos 20 e 30 - o Neocolonial, em suas duas versões, e o Art Déco - refletindo acerca das mudanças de gosto, de comportamento e das influências estilísticas da arquitetura erudita sobre aquela popularizada na classe média. Revela o surgimento de uma nova linguagem estilística, o \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", e identifica um \"Estilo Indefinido\", também significativo na composição do panorama urbano da cidade de São Paulo desse período. / This thesis represents a contribution to the study of São Paulo\'s residential architecture in the period between the Wars. Based on samples of residential projects, appeared in the construction approval processes at General Archive of São Paulo\'s Municipal Government (Piqueri), it analyses the technical and constructive innovations, the necessity programs and the formal and stylistic repertoire used in São Paulo\'s homes in decades of 1920 and 1930, focusing specially the middle class. This work examines the economic, social, cultural and urban situation at São Paulo by that time. It characterizes the stylistic models in the twenties and thirties - the Neocolonial, in its two versions, and Art Déco - reflecting the changes in stylistic preferences, behaviours and erudite\'s influences over the popular architecture. It reveals the appearance of a new stylistic language, the \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", and identifies an \"Undefinied Style\", also significant in the composition of São Paulo\'s urban context in that period.

Main theme of the thesis is the Czechoslovak Maneuvers in 1936. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter focuses on the creation of Czechoslovak army, the perion 1918-1932. The second chapter targets the reorganization of army in the period 1932-1936. The Third chapter is dedicated to the issue of armed forces in the period of the Austrian emperor.The fourth chapter is focused on the Czechoslovak Maneuvres in 1936 and research preparations, course, and made knowleges from the great interwar's maneuvres of Czechoslovak army. The fifth chapter closes arbitration service in the maneuvres. The sixth chapter deals with foreign's delegations on maneuvers and finally the seventh chapter is devoted to attitude and reakcions of czechoslovak's press and mankind.

Main theme of the thesis is the Czechoslovak Maneuvers in 1936. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter focuses on the creation of Czechoslovak army, the perion 1918-1932. The second chapter targets the reorganization of army in the period 1932-1936. The Third chapter is dedicated to the issue of armed forces in the period of the Austrian emperor.The fourth chapter is focused on the Czechoslovak Maneuvres in 1936 and research preparations, course, and made knowleges from the great interwar's maneuvres of Czechoslovak army. The fifth chapter closes arbitration service in the maneuvres. The sixth chapter deals with foreign's delegations on maneuvers and finally the seventh chapter is devoted to attitude and reakcions of czechoslovak's press and mankind.

“National security” is one of the most powerful terms in the American vocabulary. It commands wide deference and almost unlimited resources, and what counts as a national security matter determines many of the government’s priorities and responsibilities. It is surprising, therefore, that we know so little about how national security came to be defined in the way Americans have understood it for the last 75 years. The problem is one of perspective. Almost everything written about the history of national security approaches the topic with a present-day understanding of the term’s meaning in mind and uses the term instrumentally to explain something else—most often some aspect of American foreign policy. Most of these works assume that national security refers principally to physical security, that national security policymaking is a foreign policy matter, and that it has always been thus. This dissertation historicizes the term national security. Rather than tracing the present-day conception of national security backwards in time, as has been the norm, it looks forward from the past. This shift in perspective reveals a history of national security that challenges the prevailing assumption that national security has always been a matter of physical security and foreign policy. When Franklin Roosevelt first put national security at the center of American political discourse in the 1930s, he equated it with individual economic security and considered domestic policy the primary domain for national security policymaking. Roosevelt also articulated a broad vision for the government’s national security responsibilities in the final years of his presidency that included economic, social, and physical security to be delivered through a mix of domestic and foreign policy. These findings raise a big question about American political development: why did the United States end up with separate “national security” and “welfare” states rather than the comprehensive national security state Roosevelt envisioned? To answer that question, this dissertation focuses on the interactions between political language, public opinion, and the institutional development of the American state. Combining traditional historical research methods with text mining, network analysis, and data visualization, this dissertation charts the movement of policy areas into and out of the national security frame. Franklin Roosevelt succeeded in placing domestic policy into the national security frame in the mid-1930s, thereby justifying the expansion of the government’s domestic responsibilities. But this success catalyzed the nascent conservative movement, which launched a public persuasion campaign to limit the further expansion of the government’s domestic responsibilities by removing domestic policy from the national security frame. Roosevelt’s subsequent success putting foreign policy into the national security frame at the end of the 1930s created a powerful foreign policy establishment that claimed the mantle of national security exclusively for its work. The exclusion of domestic policy from the purview of national security policymaking was therefore largely an ironic result of Roosevelt’s two successes using the language of security to expand the government’s responsibilities.

Se examina la conexión entre la escuela nueva y la antropología aplicada a través del pragmatismo clásico estadounidense, así como sus efectos en las reflexiones sobre el problema del indio, la difusión de métodos de la escuela nueva y las propuestas para la educación rural en el Perú. La nueva educación, o escuela nueva, es una tendencia que fue entendida como una propuesta para implementar la educación popular —e incluso la educación universitaria—, inculando la educación con la comunidad, su historia y geografía.La bibliografía revisada pone énfasis en el desarrollo de la ciudadanía a través de la educación, sobre todo en el ámbito rural. Considera un texto sobre las mutuas influencias entre Boas y Dewey, así como la reflexión sobre la educación del indio a través de doce autores peruanos. Asimismo, diecisiete boletines de la Unión Panamericana sobre aspectos de los métodos educativos entre 1927 y 1931. Finalmente, cuatro publicaciones del Ministerio de Educación Pública entre 1938 y 1939, que formulan las políticas orientadas a la educación rural. / The connection between the new school and applied anthropology through classical American pragmatism is examined here, as well as its effects on the reflections  on the Indian problem, the spread of the new school methods, and on proposals for rural education in Peru. New education or new school is a trend proposed to implement popular education and even university education, linking education to the community, its history and geography.The literature reviewed emphasizes the development of citizenship through education, especially in  rural areas. It considers a text on the mutual influences between Boas and Dewey, twelve Peruvian authors on Indian education, a resume of seventeen newsletters of the Pan American Union on aspects of educational methods, between 1927 and 1931, as well as four publications of the Ministry of Education between 1938 and 1939, which formulate policies to rural education.

The master thesis deals with regional planning in Czechoslovakia. It approaches this urban discipline at its peak in the thirties and forties. The aim of the work is to introduce the origin and subsequent development of regional planning, particularly its theory, through texts and studies of urban planners. The introduction examines the theory and practice of regional planning in foreign countries and outlines which tools were used to import it to Czechoslovakia. Subsequently reflects how was this theory adopted by urban planners and institutions in the Czechoslovak environment and further developed. The thesis indicates a shift in the understanding of this theory in the pre-war period, during the occupation and after the war. This variation was related to political, economic and social changes and documents a close relationship between regional planning and a national economic plan. The work also examines how regional planning was believed to be organized and legally authorized and represents the first systematic attempts in methodology of regional plans' preparatory work. In sequential chapters the thesis analyses the content of regional plans in terms of settlement, transport, production, recreation and nature. The content is documented on specific studies, especially of the Moravian-Silesian...

Actuellement les comportements décrits chez les nouvelles générations inquiètent les entreprises. Ces incompréhensions vont au-delà de difficultés de communication entre les générations : la révolution des NTIC, l’évolution du rapport au travail, à l’autorité, aux réseaux sociaux, à l’international sont autant de caractéristiques présentées comme spécifiques de la génération Y.Ce travail étudie l’engagement envers l’entreprise des cadres trentas considérés comme les aînés de la génération Y et les termes du contrat psychologique valorisés par cette population. A été mobilisé le double cadre théorique de l’échange social et du contrat psychologique d’une part, et de l’engagement organisationnel d’autre part.La démarche de recherche est qualitative de nature exploratoire. Une technique projective détournée, la« lettre à un ami » a été proposée pour cerner les dimensions émergentes, partagées et valorisées du rapport à l’entreprise. Cette lettre a été rédigée par 547 cadres français et étrangers de 30/32 ans de tous les métiers et secteurs d’une TGE française, dans le cadre privilégié d’une formation.Les résultats qualitatifs sont de trois ordres :− les cadres trentas manifestent une grande homogénéité de réponses indépendamment de leurs caractéristiques individuelles. Leurs principales préoccupations concernent le travail, la carrière et le réseau. L’analyse fine de leurs représentations permet de les considérer comme représentatifs des aînés des Y ;− leur engagement vis-à-vis de l’entreprise est lié à la perception d’un échange satisfaisant et réciproque. Les termes de l’échange concernent ce qu’offre l’entreprise et ce qu’elle attend d’eux ;− l’identification des termes de l’échange permet de préciser comment l’entreprise et le management peuvent évoluer pour rencontrer leurs attentes et favoriser leur engagement vis-à-vis de l’entreprise.En conclusion, des recommandations aux entreprises sont proposées en matière de gestion des générations montantes / At present, companies are worried about the demonstrated behaviors of the new generation. Their lack ofunderstanding goes beyond problems of communication between the generations: it now includes the ITrevolution, the evolution of individuals’ relationships with their work, authority issues, social networks andglobalization are characteristics presented as specific to generation Y.The purpose of this work is to study the commitment of thirty-year-old executives, considered as the elders ofgeneration Y, towards their companies, and to enlighten the terms of the psychological contract developed bythis population. The double theoretical frame of the social exchange and the psychological contract has beenutilized on one hand, and the organizational commitment on the other hand.This research is a qualitative one with an exploratory nature. A diverted projective technique, the "letter to afriend", has been used to define the emergent, shared and enhanced dimensions of the relationship with thecompany. This letter has been written by 547 French and foreign executives approximately around 30-32years old, from any kind of job or area of a large French company, within the dedicated frame of training.The qualitative results are of the following three natures:− The thirty-year-old executives show a distinct homogeneity in their answers independent of their personalcharacteristics. Their main concerns are about work, career and network. Through, he detailed analysis oftheir composition, they can be considered as representative of the elders of generation Y;− Their commitment towards the company is bound to the perception of a satisfying and mutual exchange. Theterms of the exchange concern what the company offers and expects from them;− The identification of the terms of the exchange helps to specify how the company and the management canevolve to meet their expectations and encourage their commitment towards the company.As a conclusion, recommendations are made to HR and managers concerning the new generation

This study, a narrative analysis of it, deals with the term, home, its importance and the use of it by Child welfare investigators in the city of Malmö between the years 1930-1936. Commonly used and acknowledged, home stood for security and order while the term, street, had just the opposite meaning. Living in the countryside symbolized health and sensibility, while city life was considered to be cramped, dirty and immoral. The responsibility of achieving the liberals and conservatives ideal of a sunny, clean and orderly home was given to the woman of the house, as was the task of keeping the home morally correct, and providing the necessary atmosphere for proper upbringing of the children. Consequently, the basis of theory, using Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in regards to the conflicts between the upper and lower classes, and even theories of Jane Lewis of woman´s connection to home and family, have been the grounds for the study. The very detailed results show that home and morals play a major role in the investigations and prove above all, the intimacy between the home and woman.