La investigación de doctorado reconstructiva y analítica descriptiva realizada ha constado de tres partes, una primera, cuyo carácter general de introducción conceptual y metodológica contiene la función explicativa del objeto, y dos restantes en las que se aborda la representación de la enfermedad propiamente dicha, primero en cuanto a sus fundamentos y modos y segundo, en cuanto a sus objetos y circunstancias, constituyen un artefacto descriptivo por sí mismo, pero que a su vez permite un replanteamiento categorial tanto sintético como conclusivo que contempla la visión de un horizonte de aspecto general, al tiempo que también completamente efectivo. Se ha realizado la elaboración categorial de la obra artística completa de Pío Baroja y Thomas Mann en cinco categorías. Mediante las cuales estos autores acometen la representación de la enfermedad, y en ellas quedan integradas la totalidad de los textos analizados en el artefacto descriptivo que constituye la investigación. Las categorías son: filosófica, personal, retórica, convencional y facultativa.

Mit Thomas Manns Mittelalterroman Der Erwählte , erschienen 1951, liegt ein literarisches Werk vor, in dem ein Stück der älteren deutschen Dichtung, nämlich Hartmann von Aues mittelhochdeutscher Gregorius , in der Gegenwartsliteratur seine schöpferische Weiterbildung erfahren hat. Um seine Mittelalterfiktion möglichst vielschichtig zu gestalten, griff Thomas Mann neben der stofflichen Rezeption der mittelalterlichen Gregorius -Legende auch sprachlich in der Zeit zurück. Der an sich neuhochdeutsch zu lesende, überwiegend in Prosa abgefasste Text ist mit einer Vielzahl fremder Wörter, Sätze und Dialoge durchsetzt, die älteren und jüngeren europäischen Sprach(ständ)en entnommen sind. Im Mittelpunkt vorliegender Arbeit steht die Rekonstruktion der Mann schen Sprach-, Zitat- und Wortbildungsarbeit anhand der Originalnotizen, -materialien und der im Thomas Mann-Archiv / Zürich aufgestellten Handbibliothek des Dichters. Entstanden ist ein umfangreicher Stellenkommentar mit Sachinformationen, Worterklärungen, Übersetzungen, Quellennachweisen bis hin zu Lesebemerkungen Thomas Manns ein Instrument, das unabhängig vom Rest der Arbeit als Lese- und Interpretationshilfe genutzt werden kann. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ist besagter Stellenkommentar die unerlässliche Voraussetzung zur Beantwortung der Leitfrage nach der poetischen Funktion von Sprache, Zitat und Wortbildung im Rahmen der mittelalterlichen Gesamtfiktion.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the novel Der Zauberberg by the German writer Thomas Mann and its existing Czech translations and reeditions of translations from 1930, 1935/1936, 1958, 1975 and 2016. The work is based on the following translatological bases: contemporary norms and conventions, paratexes and metatexts, and translation of the title of the work. The following part is devoted to the personality of the author and his work, the novel Der Zauberberg presents itself in the cultural and historical context of the time of creation and does not neglect the reception in the German environment. The benefit of this diploma thesis is to describe the reception of this novel in the Czech environment, where we will focus on the macrotexual (paratexty) and microtextual analysis of selected parts of the original and all Czech translations. The main methodological tool for microtextual analysis of selected passages of Mann's novel represents the typology of expression changes and shifts in the translation of Anton Popovič (1975, 1983).

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This thesis is an account of the poet and critic W.H. Auden's relations with Germany and Germans over the course of his life (1907-1973), presented through a selection of influences that have received little critical attention in the corpus of secondary literature to date. While these connections and influences are manifold and sometimes disparate, they can serve as a prism to tell Auden's life-story from a particular, relatively unexplored angle and to illuminate his work. The thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter One discusses Auden’s engagement with German literature before 1928, his reasons for spending nine months in Weimar Berlin 1928-29, and the formative influence of this experience on his life and work. Chapter Two explores Auden's relationship with his 'in-laws', the famous family of Nobel Prize winning author Thomas Mann, and Auden's choice of an international life-style. Chapter Three discusses various other, later German influences on Auden: his visit to Germany with the US Army and its traces in The Age of Anxiety; issues concerning the German translation of this text; his Ford Foundation residence in isolated West Berlin; and his intellectual friendship with Hannah Arendt. Introduction and Conclusion embed these three specific chapters, deliberating the topic more abstractly. A number of appendices bring together a wide range of unpublished sources – and their translations into English, if the original is composed in German. Translations of all German appendix material can be found in the appendix itself.

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This project is centered on two primary concerns. First, to reformulate Adornos notion of ethical subjectivity in a way that allows for a clearer articulation of his normative position, and second, to make it more relevant to our contemporary social context and advances in social theory. My claim is that we can achieve this by rejecting Adornos philosophical method (negative dialectics and constellations) by reading his ethics through the lens of ieks method which I am calling autoprohibition. As I will show, autoprohibition is ieks strategy for breaking the deadlock of the dialectic of enlightenment and its accompanying defeatist politics by developing a dialectical theory that neither rests on pure negation nor falls into the totalising and reifying trap of orthodox Marxism. It is in the context of autoprohibition that one can rearticulate Adornos normative imperatives (specifically, the imperative to end suffering, and to recognise the truth-content of the body) without these imperatives being negated by the totalising dictates of the dialectic of enlightenment. The best way to redeem the important normative components of Adornos formulation of ethical subjectivity is to reject its underlying philosophical method and resituate it in another. I frame this methodological shift as one from constellations to autoprohibition, which allows for a more positive articulation of Adornos ethics; a plan for actively practising an ethical life vs. one premised on the rejection of participating in an unethical system (which Adornos ethics amounts to on my account).

Chassé par l'arrivée au pouvoir des nazis en Allemagne, Heinrich Mann a presque soixante-deux ans lorsqu'il émigre en France, le 21 février 1933. Comment Heinrich Mann a-t-il pu concilier la continuité de son engagement intellectuel avec la situation même de l'exil et dans quelle mesure son engagement fut-il redéfini par cette situation? Heinrich Mann a compris très vite qu'il lui fallait réadapter les objectifs de son engagement pour pouvoir le poursuivre en terre étrangère ; c'est ce qu'il fit dès les premiers mois passés en France, par les essais qu'il publia. La ville de Nice, où il s'établit, est le lieu de l'écrivain, Paris reste le lieu de l'engagement intellectuel. L'historiographie sur cette époque n'a souvent retenu du personnage qu'une certaine naïveté, et son instrumentalisation par le parti communiste, point qui mérite d'être relativisé. Le roman d'Henri IV, écrit pendant l’émigration, reste l'un des plus grands textes produits par la communauté allemande en exil. / After the Nazis had come to power in Germany, Heinrich Mann at the age of almost sixty-two years old had to go into exile to France on February 21th, 1933. How could he adapt his intellectual commitment to the new status of exile and to what extend was his commitment in France redetermined by the life in exile? Heinrich Mann understood quickly that he had to readjust the objectives of his commitment in order to continue in exile. He implemented it already in the first months he spent in France in the essays and texts he published. The city of Nice was the place where he lived and wrote, Paris remained the place for the intellectual commitment. The historiography of this period has often imputed to him a kind of naivety of character and the exploitation by the German communist party, but this point has to be relativised. Young Henry of Navarre, written during his stay in France is one of the most beautiful texts produced by the German community in exile.

This thesis examines the creation of character in the work of Theodor Fontane. Although he is repeatedly praised as a great writer of human character, there is no comprehensive analysis of how Fontane's characters work. This thesis is intended to fill this surprising gap in Fontane research. Its analyses do not focus on the author-text interaction as many traditional critical approaches do, but instead look at what takes place between the text and the reader. The first section, entitled 'Character in Theory', has two chapters presenting my concept of literary character. It draws on the findings of cognitive studies, including formerly neglected aspects such as affective reading and empathy. The second section, 'Character in Practice', contains four chapters. Chapter three demonstrates how our emotions can contribute to our understanding and what role is played by empathy. Chapter four shows the active role readers are required to play when putting together information about characters in Fontane's polyphonous novels. Chapter five focuses on character speech, and chapter six asks to what extent Fontane's characters can be seen to develop. The third section, 'Character in Context', takes a less hermeneutic approach. Chapter seven asks what our expectations of Realist characters are and how these influence our reading of Fontane. Chapter eight examines how our access to these characters has changed compared to the author's contemporary readership. Chapter nine presents an excursus, looking at the author's development from renditions of 'real' people to fictional characters. The last section compares this author's creations to the tentatively Modernist characters of Thomas Mann's Buddenbrooks. My findings show that Fontane's characters demand and support a more active reading than Realism is usually given credit for. They suggest that the concept of Realist characters as largely descriptive creations needs to be examined critically.

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