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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

La disputa acerca del relativismo entre Popper y Kuhn: un debate con alcances actuales

Apablaza Ávila, Carlo January 2018 (has links)
Tesis para optar al grado de Magister en Filosofía / La literatura en filosofía de las ciencias frecuentemente identifica a Sir Karl Popper como un filósofo anti-relativista y a Thomas Kuhn como uno relativista. No obstante, y en especial respecto del estadounidense, estas identificaciones no están exentas de problemas. En el presente estudio se desarrolla una evaluación comparativa de los modelos de las ciencias de ambos autores con el propósito de determinar cuál es su posición exacta respecto del relativismo epistemológico en las ciencias. En tanto ambos modelos difieren sustantivamente en su terminología y enfoques, la metodología a seguir será contraponerlos con una postura que provee una serie de tesis bien determinadas con las cuales se neutraliza eficientemente el relativismo en las ciencias, a saber, el realismo científico. Se determinará si los modelos en cuestión siguen las tesis expuestas por este realismo para neutralizar el relativismo o si postulan maneras alternativas de conseguir el mismo fin. La finalización de esta evaluación arrojará conclusiones que permiten matizar las identificaciones que provee la literatura. En primer lugar, se muestra que el modelo de Popper puede ser considerado como anti-relativista, pero uno de carácter ineficaz. Dicho de otro modo, uno que no provee razones para defender que la ciencia no sea una empresa relativista. Por otro lado, se muestra que el modelo de Kuhn debe ser considerado uno relativista moderado. En otras palabras, un tipo de relativismo que al menos provee razones para negar que la ciencia sea una empresa relativista radical. / Diciembre 2021
32

Kuhn's paradigm in music theory

Lefcoe, Andrew. January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
33

Lines of Descent: Kuhn and Beyond

Weinert, Friedel 03 December 2013 (has links)
yes / Thomas S. Kuhn is famous both for his work on the Copernican Revolution and his ‘paradigm’ view of scientific revolutions. But Kuhn later abandoned the notion of paradigm (and related notions) in favour of a more ‘evolutionary’ view of the history of science. Kuhn’s position therefore moved closer to ‘continuity’ models of scientific progress, for instance ‘chain-of-reasoning’ models, originally championed by D. Shapere. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate around Kuhn’s new ‘developmental’ view and to evaluate these competing models with reference to some major innovations in the history of cosmology, from Copernicanism to modern cosmology. This evaluation is made possible through some unexpected overlap between Kuhn’s earlier discontinuity model and various versions of the later continuity models. It is the thesis of this paper that the ‘chain-of-reasoning’ model accounts better for the cosmological evidence than both Kuhn’s early paradigm model and his later developmental view of the history of science.
34

Sobre la inconmensurabilidad de paradigmas

Ramírez Herrera, Víctor Gonzalo 13 November 2018 (has links)
La presente investigación constituye un acercamiento crítico a la noción de inconmensurabilidad propuesta por Kuhn en 1962. Consideramos que es una noción insostenible tanto en su versión radical como en la moderada. Así, en primera instancia, realizaremos una revisión histórica del concepto en sus versiones ontológicas, epistemológicas y, sobre todo, semánticas. Nuestras críticas iniciales reposan sobre los alcances que Davidson, Putnam y Coseriu han hecho sobre el tema: el primero con su crítica a la idea de esquema conceptual, el segundo sobre la teoría de la referencia y, el tercero, sobre las posibilidades y condiciones de la traducción. Asumimos que el elemento vinculante entre estas críticas es el realismo que subyace a sus propuestas. Una vez realizada la revisión histórica y la recopilación de argumentos en contra de la noción en cuestión presentaremos nuestra propuesta. Esta defiende que la experiencia es el eje para poner en cuestión nuestro lenguaje y nuestro paradigma. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, primero presentaremos los alcances centrales de Kuhn sobre esta noción. Luego presentaremos las perspectivas críticas a este concepto desde los tres autores mencionados. En un tercer momento reformularemos las críticas planteadas y presentaremos nuestra hipótesis sobre el tema: esta establece que la experiencia está por encima de las palabras y por encima de los paradigmas. Asimismo, propondremos que hay una salida práctica para los casos de inconmensurabilidad parcial: el uso de ―enunciados básicos‖ ya descritos por Popper y que equiparamos con la idea de ―teorías al paso‖ de Davidson. Cerraremos el trabajo con la revisión de las conclusiones alcanzadas en el desarrollo.
35

"Im Spiegel der Bedeutung" eine Studie über die Begründbarkeit des Relativismus

Hönig, Kathrin January 1900 (has links)
Zugl.: Basel, Univ., Diss., 2002
36

A Contrast between Montesquieu¡¦s and Quesnay¡¦s Thoughts of China Despotism ¡X A Methodological Reflection

Lai, Chi-Lu 17 August 2010 (has links)
This dissertation aims to contrast the differences between Montesquieu¡¦s and Quesnay¡¦s thoughts of China Despotism theory, to analyze the methodology and epistemology used by the two scholars to demonstrate and observe traditional China despotism, and, to expound and examine the description of traditional China despotism in Montesquieu¡¦s and Quesnay¡¦s thoughts. Montesquieu was a rare one among Enlightenment philosophers who profoundly discussed China Despotism in the eighteenth century. In the elaboration of Montesquieu¡¦s China Despotism, there were lots of contradictions in De L'espirt Des Lois. Traditional China government was depreciated by him. From the empirical induce methodology, positivism epistemology and ontology¡¦s point of view, this dissertation tries to deeply analyze and research Montesquieu¡¥s China Despotism. At the time, there were also some Enlightenment Philosophers who have a different view of China Despotism. The representative was a Physiocrat ¡V Francois Quesnay. In his Le Despotisme De La Chine, he marked traditional China government positively. Quesnay, who developed his view based on the same empirical facts about traditional China according to the eighteenth century¡¦s Jesuits, travelers and businessmen and with the same natural science methodology, had totally different views and thoughts about China Despotism from Montesquieu. This dissertation has a detailed study and review on these differences. Questions will be explored in this dissertation are as below. Did the natural science methodology and epistemology of Montesquieu¡¦s and Quesnay¡¦s China Despotism strengthen the judgment of how they valued traditional China government? Were there pre-judgments in their so-called neutral and objective denouncement about the way they researched China Despotism in the empirical induce methodology and epistemology? Were Montesquieu¡¦s and Quesnay¡¦s judgments about China Depotism enhanced by the natural science methodology and epistemology a kind of western centralism? Did they, in the name of neutral and objective empirical induce methodology and epistemology that could not reason non-western value, refuse and devaluate other non-western value? This dissertation has a deeply reflection on these from the ¡§paradigm¡¨ and ¡§incommensurable¡¨ methodological concepts of Thomas S. Kuhn¡¦s. If Montesquieu¡¦s China Despotism was the main point of western culture, was the way Quesnay observed traditional China government presenting a different value in the west culture and there were still some admiring this kind of value? Was this kind of evaluation neglected by recent Chinese intellects? This is a serious problem worthy of reconsideration and reflection. Keywords: Montesquieu, François Quesnay, Physiocracy, Despotism, enlightened despotism, China Despotism, natural science methodology, theory laden, Thomas S. Kuhn, paradigm, incommensurable
37

O Desenvolvimento da ciência segundo Thomas S. Kuhn : análise e crítica do modelo proposto na estrutura das revoluções científicas / The development of science according to Thomas S. Kuhn: analysis and critique of the model proposed in the structure of scientific revolutions

Ramalho, Vagner Gomes 28 April 2014 (has links)
Thomas S. Kuhn´s book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), was received by the philosophical and scientific community as a revolutionary text. In it, Kuhn proposed a new way of comprehending scientific development. Unlike other philosophers of science of his day, who saw scientific development as a long, accumulative process, Kuhn proposed that scientific development is marked by disruptive processes called |scientific revolutions|. With the release of the Japanese edition of Structure, in 1969, Kuhn introduced an Afterword, which I consider to be an integral part of his concept of scientific development, as it´s complementary to his model and clarifies issues addressed in the 1962 work. According to the initial development model proposed in this Structure/Afterword set, disruptions in the scientific development process are marked by a succession of paradigms. These paradigms, for Kuhn, are a type of theoretical-methodological framework. They direct scientific activity towards the comprehension of phenomena studied by a scientific community. With this Dissertation I intend to critically analyse the scientific development model proposed in Structure, discussing the key concepts necessary for understanding this model. / O livro de Thomas S. Kuhn, A Estrutura das revoluções científicas (1962), foi recebido pela comunidade filosófica e científica como um texto revolucionário. Nele, Kuhn propõe uma nova forma de compreender o desenvolvimento científico. Diferentemente dos filósofos da ciência de sua época, que viam o desenvolvimento científico como um largo processo de acumulação, Kuhn propôs que o desenvolvimento científico está marcado por processos de ruptura denominados revoluções científicas . Em ocasião da edição japonesa da Estrutura, em 1969, Kuhn introduziu um Posfácio, que considero parte integrante de sua noção de desenvolvimento científico, pois é complementar ao seu modelo e traz esclarecimentos sobre as questões tratadas na obra de 1962. Conforme o modelo inicial de desenvolvimento presente no conjunto Estrutura/Posfácio, as rupturas no processo de desenvolvimento científico são marcadas pela sucessão de paradigmas. Os paradigmas, para Kuhn, são uma espécie de arcabouço teórico-metodológico. Eles direcionam a atividade científica para a compreensão dos fenômenos estudados por uma comunidade científica. Com esta Dissertação pretendo analisar de forma crítica o modelo de desenvolvimento científico presente na Estrutura, discorrendo sobre os conceitos-chave necessários para o entendimento do modelo.
38

La racionalidad científica en la perspectiva de la racionalidad limitada : el aporte de John Dewey y Thomas Kuhn a la comprensión de la ciencia

Orozco Contreras, Richard Antonio 21 October 2013 (has links)
En la historia de la filosofía, se pueden reconocer épocas indeleblemente marcadas por la necesidad de comprender un complejo proceso de cambios, con alcances sociales y políticos. Allí están las disquisiciones filosóficas del siglo II D.C., tratando de hacer comprensibles las relaciones entre la filosofía y el cristianismo naciente. También encajan en dicha descripción los escritos filosóficos del siglo XII que procuraban hacer viable una relación entre el aristotelismo, recién llegado de oriente, y la filosofía cristiana asentada en occidente. En mi opinión, son casos emblemáticos de tal historiografía: el conjunto de escritos filosóficos del siglo XVI encaminados a comprender la modernidad y la ciencia, así como los escritos del siglo XVIII esclareciendo el siglo de las luces.
39

Mudança de mundo em Thomas S. Kuhn

Günther, Artur Bezzi January 2014 (has links)
Na obra de Thomas Kuhn, ao compreender as revoluções científicas como mudanças de concepção de mundo, surge o problema de em que sentido e em que medida o mundo muda com uma revolução científica. Esse é o problema central desta dissertação, o qual será analisado através da investigação dos textos de Kuhn e de seus comentadores. Depois de estabelecido o problema, os conceitos utilizados por Kuhn são esclarecidos. Em seguida, é analisado como se desenrola uma mudança de mundo e, com base nisso, é investigado em que medida o mundo muda com uma revolução científica. A conclusão desse trabalho sustenta que a mudança de mundo se fundamenta na mudança das relações de similaridade valorizadas pelos paradigmas e que o mundo muda apenas na sua organização, ou seja, na distribuição dos seus objetos particulares em diferentes tipos a partir das relações de similaridade enraizadas na comunidade científica. / In Thomas Kuhn‟s work, by understanding the scientific revolutions as changes in world conception, the problem related to in what sense and to what extent the world is changed by a scientific revolution arises. This is the central problem of this thesis, which will be analyzed by investigating Kuhn' and his reviewers‟ work. After establishing the problem, the concepts applied by Kuhn are explained. It is then analyzed how a world change takes place and, based on that, it is investigated in what extent the world changes with a scientific revolution. The conclusion argues that the change of world is based on a change in the similarity relationships valued by the paradigms and that the world only changes on its organization, ie, on the distribution of its particular objects in different types from the similarity relationships settled in the scientific community.
40

Mudança de mundo em Thomas S. Kuhn

Günther, Artur Bezzi January 2014 (has links)
Na obra de Thomas Kuhn, ao compreender as revoluções científicas como mudanças de concepção de mundo, surge o problema de em que sentido e em que medida o mundo muda com uma revolução científica. Esse é o problema central desta dissertação, o qual será analisado através da investigação dos textos de Kuhn e de seus comentadores. Depois de estabelecido o problema, os conceitos utilizados por Kuhn são esclarecidos. Em seguida, é analisado como se desenrola uma mudança de mundo e, com base nisso, é investigado em que medida o mundo muda com uma revolução científica. A conclusão desse trabalho sustenta que a mudança de mundo se fundamenta na mudança das relações de similaridade valorizadas pelos paradigmas e que o mundo muda apenas na sua organização, ou seja, na distribuição dos seus objetos particulares em diferentes tipos a partir das relações de similaridade enraizadas na comunidade científica. / In Thomas Kuhn‟s work, by understanding the scientific revolutions as changes in world conception, the problem related to in what sense and to what extent the world is changed by a scientific revolution arises. This is the central problem of this thesis, which will be analyzed by investigating Kuhn' and his reviewers‟ work. After establishing the problem, the concepts applied by Kuhn are explained. It is then analyzed how a world change takes place and, based on that, it is investigated in what extent the world changes with a scientific revolution. The conclusion argues that the change of world is based on a change in the similarity relationships valued by the paradigms and that the world only changes on its organization, ie, on the distribution of its particular objects in different types from the similarity relationships settled in the scientific community.

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