This dissertation is a treatise on spatially-explicit resource selection on two very different vertebrate species. The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is the most endangered large whales in the world. Ship strikes and fishing gear entanglement are impediments to recovery. The gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is an imperiled species whose upland habitats are shrinking from urban and agricultural development. Determining spatial distribution of important resources is important for conservation strategies. Historical and modern thinking of habitat selection theory and analytical techniques are reviewed and applied to these species. Fine-scale resource selection of sea surface temperature (SST), derived from AVHRR imagery, is evaluated for right whales in the southeastern U. S. calving grounds. Aerial survey data (December-March, 1991-1998) including survey tracklines and right whale locations were entered into a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for comparing whale use of SST to availability based on search effort. Using Monte Carlo techniques, mean and standard deviation for SSTs and latitudes of whale-sightings were compared to sampling distributions derived from available SSTs and latitudes. From these data, it was concluded that the North Atlantic right whale uses SSTs and latitudes non-randomly. Broad-scale habitat selection for gopher tortoises was evaluated from the 2003 Land Cover/Land Use map (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). Based on land cover and ancillary data, potential gopher tortoise habitat was developed for northeast Florida.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception et la réalisation de capteurs optiques ultracompacts et sensibles utilisant le mode d'interrogation en intensité pour la détection d'analytes chimiques et biologiques. Deux approches, l'intégration hybride et l'intégration monolithique, ont été explorées durant cette thèse. Après un descriptif des outils d'analyse et de conception de guides d'onde et de micro résonateurs en anneaux, le manuscrit présente l'intégration hybride d'un laser Fabry-Perot en semiconducteur III-V avec un résonateur en anneau basé sur du matériau SOI. Le laser Fabry-Perot à faible coût fonctionnant en multimode longitudinal a été utilisé comme peigne de référence pour le résonateur en anneau en contact avec un échantillon liquide. L'effet Vernier a été implanté dans le système de détection en utilisant le mode d'interrogation en intensité. La largeur spectrale étroite du laser avec sa densité de puissance élevée ont permis d'obtenir un capteur de plus haute sensitivité en comparaison avec le capteur en double anneaux réalisé précédemment. Une étude numérique d'un capteur composé d'un laser Fabry-Perot et deux résonateurs en anneaux permettant de compenser la fluctuation de température a été ensuite présentée. Concernant l'intégration monolithique, l'interface entre oxyde et non-oxyde après l'oxydation de AlGaAs a été étudiée au Central de Technologies du LPN/CNRS. Un phénomène d'oxydation verticale de GaAs ou AlGaAs avec une faible teneur en aluminium activée par une couche voisine oxydée de AlGaAs avec une forte teneur en aluminium a été identifié expérimentalement. Afin de limiter l'oxydation verticale et de réduire la rugosité des interfaces, des guides d'onde basés respectivement sur une structure intégrant un super-réseau et sur une structure standard ont été fabriqués et caractérisés. L'impact de l'hydrogène sur l'activation du processus d'oxydation de GaAs ou AlGaAs avec une faible teneur en Al a été mis en évidence. Enfin, ce manuscrit décrit la réalisation et la caractérisation d'un laser Fabry-Perot fonctionnant en mode TM. Ce laser constitue une brique important vers l'intégration monolithique d'un capteur extrêmement sensible.

The purpose of this research is to develop a methodical flowchart of the innovation opportunities, and issue an integrated innovation strategic planning and management by the analytic steps of the systematic strategy. The research is performed according to the following studies: 1. Relative theories & thesis of ¡§Technology Management¡¨, ¡¨Strategic Management¡¨, ¡¨Innovation Management¡¨as the bases of my study. 2. A traditional ¡§Opportunity, Motivation & Capability¡¨ behaviorism as the concept of my study. 3. The process approach of strategic planning & management as the processes of my study. 4. The total analysis of external & internal environment conditions as the scope of my study. And we try to find some innovation opportunities and the relative innovation strategies through the case study by the above flowchart & model. Wish to offer Taiwan technology industries and companies one new strategic planning of innovation domain, and another view of corporation business. The thesis selects Taiwan PCB maker ¡V COMPEQ Manufacturing Co., Ltd. as the subject of our studies to evaluate the reasonablness of the thesis. And the major finding of this study conclusions & results as follow: 1. Facing the strong threat from China, Keeping technology, product, and marketing competitive competence would be the better solution of Taiwan PCB industry in future. Taiwan PCB makers must move toward the trend of ¡§Focus your manufacturing, but also value your research & development more¡¨. And also these companies must recognize ¡§Manufacturing Power¡¨ is not only Taiwan PCB company strength any longer. 2. The corporation growth and survival don¡¦t just need the competitive competence of technology, product, and marketing only. At all times and in all countries, the ¡¨human error¡¨is the major key factor, absolutely forces all kinds of human organization into degeneration and dying. So corporations should be more careful to prevent human error. 3. Innovation is the key to a successful corporation. It is everywhere, and at anytime but it is not easy to find. But innovation has some risks. Successful innovation in the corporation does not only require ¡§Time¡¨, ¡¨Place¡¨, ¡§Support of the People¡¨, but also need a final & important key ¡V the CEOs and all of employees do it together.

The rapid progress of complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit technology became feasible through continuous device scaling. The implementation of high-k/metal gates had a significantcontribution to this progress during the last decade. However, there are still challenges regarding the reliability of these devices. One of the main issues is the escalating 1/fnoise level, which leads to degradation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in electronic circuits. The focus of this thesis is on low-frequency noise characterization and modeling of various novel CMOS devices. The devices include PtSi Schottky-barriers  for source/drain contactsand different high-kgatestacksusingHfO2, LaLuO3 and Tm2O3 with different interlayers. These devices vary in the high-k material, high-k thickness, high-k deposition method and interlayermaterial. Comprehensive electrical characterization and low-frequency noise characterization were performed on various devices at different operating conditions. The noise results were analyzed and models were suggested in order to investigate the origin of 1/f noise in these devices. Moreover, the results were compared to state-of-the-art devices. High constant dielectrics limit the leakage current by offering a higher physical dielectric thickness while keeping the Equivalent Oxide Thickness (EOT) low. Yet, the 1/f noise increases due to higher number of traps in the dielectric and also deterioration of the interface with silicon compared to SiO2. Therefore, in order to improve the interface quality, applying an interfacial layer (IL) between the high-k layer and silicon is inevitable. Very thin, uniform insitu fabricated SiO2 interlayers with HfO2 high-k dielectric have been characterized. The required thickness of SiO2 as IL for further scaling has now reached below 0.5 nm. Thus, one of the main challenges at the current technology node is engineering the interfacial layer in order to achieve both high quality interface and low EOT. High-k ILs are therefore proposed to substitute SiOx dielectrics to fulfill this need. In this work, we have made the first experiments on low-frequency noise studies on TmSiO as a high-k interlayer with Tm2O3 or HfO2 on top as high-k dielectric. The TmSiO/Tm2O3 shows a lower level of noise which is suggested to be related to smoother interface between the TmSiO and Tm2O3. We have achieved excellentnoise performancefor TmSiO/Tm2O3 and TmSiO/HfO2 gate stacks which are comparableto state-of-the-art SiO2/HfO2 gate stacks. / <p>QC 20151130</p>

Le Haut Comité de Santé Publique donne des recommandations sur les moyens d'améliorer la connaissance des phénomènes liés à la pollution atmosphérique dans le but d'aider à l'évaluation de l'exposition des citadins. Les travaux de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans ce contexte global en s'orientant vers la cartographie de la concentration en particules en ville. Plusieurs outils existent aujourd'hui qui permettent de dériver des informations sur la qualité de l'air. Ce sont des cartes obtenues par des méthodes d'interpolation spatiale des mesures ponctuelles ou des modèles numériques. Ces deux approches ont des limitations. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l'établissement d'une stratégie de cartographie de la pollution atmosphérique sur l'ensemble d'une agglomération à l'échelle de la rue (100 m) en s'appuyant notamment sur l'imagerie satellitaire. La stratégie de cartographie comprend deux méthodes. La méthode des champs typiques vise à améliorer la représentation de la pollution en appliquant des méthodes de fusion de données à des cartes de pollution déjà existantes. Les méthodes de fusion de données sont appliquées à la cartographie de la qualité de l'air. Une formalisation de la méthode des champs typiques est donnée et un essai sur un cas pratique est réalisé. La méthode de densification du réseau de mesure vise à créer des cartes de pollution en interpolant les valeurs de concentration mesurées par les stations. Des stations virtuelles s'ajoutent au stations réelles du réseau de mesure pour le rendre plus dense et améliorer ainsi l'interpolation. Ces stations virtuelles sont déterminées à partir d'une classification sur des éléments décrivant l'environnement des stations. Pour la ville de Strasbourg, 635 stations virtuelles sont ajoutées aux cinq stations réelles existantes. La cartographie par interpolation avec ces stations est améliorée qualitativement et quantitativement (jusqu'à 70 %). Pour valider la définition des stations virtuelles, l'imagerie satellitaire est utilisée. Les longueurs d'ondes autour de 815 nm sont les plus sensibles aux particules. La bande spectrale TM1 du capteur TM de Landsat5 est appropriée pour la détection des particules et est utilisée pour valider les stations virtuelles. 70 % des stations virtuelles ont été validées avec cette approche.

Les propriétés structurales et de luminescence de couches minces de TiO2 et Y2O3 dopées terres rares (thulium, terbium et ytterbium) ont été étudiées en vue de les intégrer dans une cellule photovoltaïque comme couche de conversion spectrale du proche UV vers l'infrarouge afin d'en améliorer l'efficacité. Ces couches minces ont été synthétisées par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à pression atmosphérique à l'aide de précurseurs organo-métalliques et assisté par aérosol (aerosol assisted MOCVD). Les couches minces sont partiellement cristallisées dès la synthèse (400°C pour le TiO2 en phase anatase, 540°C pour Y2O3 en phase cubique). Après traitement thermique la cristallisation est largement améliorée et la luminescence des ions dopant terres rares est obtenue dans les deux matrices oxydes. Le thulium émet dans une large bande située vers 800 nm et l'ytterbium vers 980 nm. Le terbium quand à lui émet dans une gamme située principalement dans le visible. Les spectres d'excitation ont montré que l'absorption des photons se fait via la matrice. En matrice TiO2 une efficacité de transfert d'énergie du Tm3+ vers l'Yb3+ de l'ordre de 20 % a été déterminée pour des teneurs de 0,8 % des deux dopants, ce qui correspond à la limite d'auto-extinction. Le rendement global mesuré est faible, nous avons montré que les causes probables de cette faible valeur sont le manque d'absorption des couches minces pour obtenir l'excitation de l'ion sensibilisateur ainsi que des processus de luminescence et de down conversion pas assez efficaces.

Nanotechnology is a technology of the design and the applications of nanoscale materials with their fundamentally new properties and functions. Nanosensor devices based on nanomaterials provide very fast response, low-cost, long-life time, easy to use for unskilled users, and provide high-efficiency. 1-D ZnO nanostructures materials have great potential applications in various sensing applications. ZnO is a wide band gap (3.37 eV at room temperature) semiconductor materials having large exciton binding energy (60 meV) and excellent chemical stability, electrical, optical, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. By doping the transition metals (TM) into ZnO matrix, the properties of ZnO nanostructures can be tuned and its room  temperature ferromagnetic behavior can be enhanced, which provide the TM-doped ZnO nanostructures as promising candidate for optoelectronic, spintronics and high performance sensors based devices. The synthesis of ZnO and TM-doped ZnO nanostructures via the low temperature hydrothermal method is considered a promising technique due to low cost, environmental friendly, simple solution process, diverse 1-D ZnO nanostructures can be achieved, and large scale production on any type of substrate, and their properties can be controlled by the growth parameters. However, to synthesize 1-D ZnO and TM-doped ZnO nanostructures with controlled shape, structure and uniform size distribution on large area substrates with desirable properties, low cost and simple processes are of high interest and it is a big challenge at present. The main purpose of this dissertation aims to develop new techniques to synthesize 1-D ZnO and (Fe, Mn)-doped ZnO nanostructures via the hydrothermal method, to characterize and to enhance their functional properties for developing sensing devices such as biosensors for clinical diagnoses and environmental monitoring applications, piezoresistive sensors and UV photodetector. The first part of the dissertation deals with the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanostructures with controlled shape, structure and uniform size distribution under different conditions and their structural characterization. The possible parameters affecting the growth which can alter the morphology, uniformity and properties of the ZnO nanostructures were investigated. Well-aligned ZnO nanorods have been fabricated for high sensitive piezoresistive sensor. The development of creatinine biosensor for clinical diagnoses purpose and the development of glucose biosensor for indirect determination of mercury ions for an inexpensive and unskilled users for environmental monitoring applications with highly sensitive, selective, stable, reproducible, interference resistant, and fast response time have been fabricated based on ZnO nanorods. The second part of the dissertation presents a new hydrothermal synthesis of (Fe, Mn)-doped-ZnO nanostructures under different preparation conditions, their properties characterization and the fabrication of piezoresistive sensors and UV photodetectors based devices were demonstrated. The solution preparation condition and growth parameters that influences on the morphology, structures and properties of the nanostructures were investigated. The fabrication of Mn-doped-ZnO NRs/PEDOT:PSS Schottky diodes used as high performance piezoresistive sensor and UV photodetector have been studied and Fe-doped ZnO NRs/FTO Schottky diode has also been fabricated for high performance of UV photodetector. Finally, a brief outlook into future challenges and relating new opportunities are presented in the last part of the dissertation.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-18T12:35:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Rogerio Giongo.pdf: 8561416 bytes, checksum: 9518df2b8c5f4fdab4d53cd51d03d547 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T12:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Rogerio Giongo.pdf: 8561416 bytes, checksum: 9518df2b8c5f4fdab4d53cd51d03d547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The remote sensing is a tool that has enabled major advances in studies of agrometeorology and application to areas with different types of coverage, can be used to estimate the radiation balance and its applications. Therefore this study aimed to estimate the balance of radiation to the surface, from the sensor data Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite LANDSAT 5, with the use of the algorithm SEBAL. The estimate data were compared with data from two stations in agrometeorological: one in the cerrado region, and another in sugar cane. In the study area, located in the municipality of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP, Brazil. To carry out the study were obtained six orbital images from the satellite Landsat 5 TM sensors in orbit 220 in section 75, the dates of 22/02, 11/04, 29/05, 01/08, 17/08 and 21/11 all in the year 2005, the matching DJ of 53, 101, 149, 213, 229 and 325, respectively. We performed the geometric correction for images, then were generated the letters of albedo, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), leaf area Index (LAI), surface temperature (Ts), Long Wave Radiation of Issued and Balance of Radiation (Rn). The estimated values of Rn showed correlations r of 0,994 and 0,984 with data from the stations inthe area sugar cane and cerrado, respectively. It concludes that the proposed methodology of the algorithm SEBAL for estimation of Rn for the two areas, values achieved very consistent and satisfactory for this application. / O sensoriamento remoto é uma ferramenta que tem possibilitado grandes avanços a estudos da agrometeorologia, bem como aplicação a superfícies com diferentes tipos de cobertura, podendo ser utilizado para estimativas do saldo de radiação e suas aplicações. Assim este trabalho objetivou estimar o Balanço de Radiação à Superfície, a partir de dados do sensor Thematic Mapper (TM) do satélite LANDSAT 5, com a utilização do algoritmo SEBAL. Os dados estimados foram comparados com dados de duas estações agrometeorológicas em superfície: uma em região de Cerrado, e outra em Cana-de-Açúcar. A região de estudo fica localizada no município de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro – SP, Brasil. Para a realização do estudo foram obtidas seis imagens orbitais do satélite Landsat 5 sensores TM, na órbita 220 e ponto 75, nas datas de 22/02, 11/04, 29/05, 01/08, 17/08 e 21/11 todas do ano de 2005, a que correspondem aos DJ de 53, 101, 149, 213, 229 e 325, respectivamente. Foram realizadas as correções geométricas para as imagens, em seguida foram geradas as cartas de albedo, Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), Índice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo (SAVI), Índice de Área Foliar (IAF), Temperatura de superfície (Ts), Radiação de OndaLonga Emitida e Saldo de Radiação (Rn). Os valores do Rn estimados apresentaram correlações de r iguais a 0,994 e 0,984 com os dados de superfície das estações da Cana-de-açúcar e Cerrado, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a metodologia proposta do algoritmo SEBAL, para estimativa de Rn para as duas áreas, alcançou valores muito consistentes e satisfatórios para essa aplicação.

Orientador: Jurandir Zullo Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T05:57:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramirez_GlauciaMiranda_D.pdf: 28885401 bytes, checksum: 676ec9c1c9823ae7accd5e51d3de1035 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O café sempre foi sinônimo de progresso e contribuiu de maneira decisiva para a industrialização do Brasil sendo, ainda hoje, um dos seus produtos agrícolas mais importantes. A obtenção de informações precisas, em tempo hábil e com baixo custo, sobre a extensão e o rendimento da cultura, são instrumentos valiosos para um planejamento adequado da cultura no país. Dentre as técnicas que podem ser utilizadas, neste caso, o sensoriamento remoto é uma das que possuem um grande potencial de aplicação, principalmente considerando o aumento da disponibilidade de imagens de média resolução espacial e o advento das imagens de alta resolução espacial. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi compreender as interações existentes entre os parâmetros biofísicos de cafezais e a resposta espectral registrada nas bandas de imagens dos satélites TM/LANDSAT e QUICKBIRD adquiridas em 24/01/2006 e 05/02/2006, respectivamente. Foram utilizados 30 talhões pertencentes a seis propriedades agrícolas, localizadas na região da Alta Mogiana, em São Paulo, entre os municípios de Ribeirão Corrente, Franca e Cristais Paulista. Os parâmetros biofísicos da cultura determinados a partir de dados de campo foram o espaçamento entre linhas e plantas, altura, IAF, diâmetro da copa, porcentagem de cobertura vegetal, rugosidade, variedade e biomassa. Foram utilizados valores de refletância real das bandas espectrais dos dois satélites e quatro índices de vegetação (NDVI, GVI, SAVI e RVI). Foi aplicado o teste de Tukey e realizadas análises de correlação, regressão e fatorial por componentes principais, utilizando os dados biofísicos e remotos disponíveis. Alguns parâmetros biofísicos não puderam ser estimados, mesmo com a melhoria da resolução espacial. Outros foram estimados (IAF, Biomassa e Altura) mesmo utilizando dados remotos de média resolução espacial. A análise de componentes principais permitiu separar plantios em produção, de áreas em formação, para as duas imagens, sendo que a associação dos parâmetros biofísicos "porcentagem de cobertura" e "densidade populacional" foi a principal responsável por estes resultados. Estes agrupamentos podem ser de grande utilidade na classificação automática de imagens. Apesar do avanço tecnológico proporcionado pelas imagens de alta resolução espacial, elas não se mostraram superiores a ponto de substituírem, mas complementarem as informações fornecidas pelas imagens de média resolução. / Abstract: Coffee has been synonymous of progress and has strongly contributed to the industrialization of Brazil. Nowadays, the coffee is still one of the most important Brazilian agricultural products. Precise, on time and low cost information about coffee area and yield are valuable tools for the crop planning in the country. For this purpose, remote sensing techniques show a great potential to be applied, especially considering the increased availability of medium spatial resolution images and the coming of high spatial resolution imagery. Thus, the main objective of this study was to understand the interactions between the biophysical parameters of coffee crops and the spectral response measured by the TM/LANDSAT and QUICKBIRD satellites spectral bands, acquired on 24/01/2006 and 05/02/2006, respectively. We used 30 coffee areas in six farms, located in the region of Alta Mogiana, in the State of São Paulo, between the municipalities Ribeirão Corrente, Franca e Cristais Paulista. The biophysical crop parameters determined from the field survey were the row and plants spacing, height, LAI, crown diameter, percentage of vegetation cover, roughness, variety and biomass. We used real values of reflectance from the spectral bands of both satellites and four vegetation indexes (NDVI, GVI, SAVI and RVI). Tukey test was applied and it was carried out the analysis of correlation, regression and factorial analysis through principal components by using the available remote and biophysical data. Some biophysical parameters could not be estimated, even with improved spatial resolution. Others were estimated (LAI, biomass and height), even using remote data of medium spatial resolution. The analysis of the main components allowed to separate crop lands in production and in formation in the two images. The combination of biophysical parameters "percentage of coverage" and "density" was the main responsible for these results. This technique can be very useful in the automatic classification of images. Despite the technological advances provided by the images of high spatial resolution, these images may not replace, but complement the information provided by medium-resolution images. / Doutorado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

The study aims to determine the relationship between the talent mindset (TM) and organisational commitment (OC) of academic heads of departments. There is a vast problem in the higher education sector with regards to retaining academic staff members. In order for higher education institutions to attract and more specifically retain academic talent, one needs to implement a sound talent management model. Before such a model can be implemented with success, the organisation first needs to have a positive talent mindset. The relationship between talent mindset and organisational commitment may provide a means to develop appropriate interventions or strategies in order to enhance the talent mindset by focusing on improving the organisational commitment and vice versa. Two instruments, namely the Talent Mindset Index (TMI) and Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), were administered to a sample of 116 heads of departments at a leading university in South Africa, 53 completed questionnaires were obtained. The responses were analysed using correlation analysis and quantitative techniques. Results confirm that the presence of OC is associated with a positive TM. Therefore, the study provides evidence that there is a correlation between OC and the TM of academic heads of departments. Thus, if management utilises existing techniques to increase OC, this should lead to the enhancement of the heads of departments’ TM. The enhanced TM would equip them to implement a talent management model to attract and retain academic staff. / Dissertation MCom University of Pretoria, 2014 / Human Resource Management / unrestricted