In an ever-changing world an armed force needs to adapt and learn from its mistakes. To do this it needs to have a working lessons-learned process and the Swedish army is in the developing phase of such a process. But how does it hold up against previous lessons-learned processes and what can be learned from these? The essay investigates the Swedish lessons-learned process used during its ISAF contingents between 2009-2013 and compare it to the process the Swedish army is developing today with the help of Dysons model for lessons-learned processes. The essay finds that, while some improvements have been achieved, there are certain factors that still needs to improve. Most importantly the understanding of what a lesson learned is and how to use it needs to be improved. This will help the organization in the other areas, such as knowledge management, dissemination, and transformation. Another area in need of development is the knowledge management IT-system. The study finds that further studies needs to be done in knowledge transformation within the organization. Further studies also need to be done regarding how the organization handles the lessons learned process in the units.

Organizational learning and management have been studied and researched for a long time, numerous of theories regarding the matter has been published and used withing the civilian sector and business. Military organizations are just as dependent on a working knowledge management system as the civilian sector.  Tom Dyson has previously conducted a case study within the NATO organization and some of its member countries and found problem areas with their way of managing experiences and ways to implement previously learned lessons.  This study aims to use Dyson’s theory regarding organizational learning within military organizations and apply them to the Swedish armed forces common handbook for knowledge management to determine if the Swedish way is suffering in any department, or if the common handbook is sufficient for an organization which require good and a well working knowledge management system. The result from the study shows that the Swedish armed forces do enforce most of Dyson’s criterions for a well working knowledge management system but are lacking in incorporating a common system for the personal within the organization to use, share and learn from previous lessons.

On the 19th of December 2019, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled: "The supply to the public by downloading, for permanent use, of an e-book is covered by the concept of ‘communication to the public’ ..." This judgment ("Tom Kabinet judgment") solved a long debate whether "digital exhaustion" exists or not, in favour of the latter. This study is dedicated to the analysis of Tom Kabinet judgment and its effects. It analyses the judgment from several perspectives. Firstly it discusses the effects and the importance of Tom Kabinet judgment. Secondly, it analyzes the legal and non-legal arguments of the Court from a critical point of view and argues that a contrary non-contra legem solution existed. Thirdly, this study argues that in the long run, not only the end-users but also the rightholders can benefit from "digital exhaustion" and the existence of a digital secondary market. Therefore, a contrary solution of the case could be beneficial for everyone. As a proponent of "digital exhaustion," the present author offers several legislative policy considerations that are needed to give a new life to digital secondary markets.

This study explores constructions and representations of boyhood in selected historical and recent boys’ school stories through the discourses they represent, propagate and, at times, subvert. Foucault’s views on discourse form the basis of the theoretical approach adopted in this study. A literature review on the ideas distinguishing Foucault’s perceptions of discourse from those of other theorists is therefore included. Raymond Williams’s differentiation between dominant, emergent and residual discourses is also demonstrated to be helpful in understanding and describing the relationships between discourses. The principles of critical discourse analysis, in particular, facilitated the discussion of dominant and alternative discourses in the context of the fictional school. A comparison of the dominant discourses implicit in historical and recent publications makes it possible to assess ways in which fictional constructions of boyhood have changed or remained the same over time. The acknowledged benchmark of traditional boys’ school stories, Thomas Hughes’s Tom Brown’s Schooldays (1857), and selected school stories by authors such as Talbot Baines Reed, John Finnemore, Rudyard Kipling, Harold Avery and Frank Richards show that the effect of dominant discourses on the representation of the protagonists in historical texts of this kind generally culminate in a replication of an archetypal ideal British schoolboy. This type of boy is constructed as being characterised by his admirable physical and moral courage, outstanding athletic prowess, honesty and strict, though cheerful, adherence to a rigid code of honour that scorns backing down from a fight, discourages the outward display of emotions and rejects any form of snitching. A range of additional related texts confirms this tradition and archetype, albeit often in a more critical portrayal of the British school system of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The contemporary works selected for detailed discussion are texts published after 1990 which arguably fall within the ambit of boys’ school stories. The focus falls on the Harry Potter series (1997-2007) by J.K. Rowling, The War of Jenkins’ Ear (1993) by Michael Morpurgo, and John van de Ruit’s debut novel, Spud: A Wickedly Funny Novel (2005) and its sequel, Spud – The Madness Continues (2007). The findings show that although the recent boys’ school stories by Rowling, Morpurgo and Van de Ruit frequently include motifs and formulaic elements which are typical of traditional boys’ school stories within the texts (notably the motifs of corporal punishment, the fagging system, honesty, courage and the importance of sporting matches), they do not adhere strictly to the underlying discursive framework implicit in their historical counterparts. Thus, the study suggests that the discursive predictability apparent in traditional boys’ school stories is no longer present in contemporary examples of this genre. Instead, the findings of this study indicate that contemporary constructions of boyhood in the context of school are to some extent liberated from the dictates of convention, and that they have become essentially indeterminate and variable. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / English / Unrestricted

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / A common impairment after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a deficit in emotional recognition, such as inferences of others’ intentions. Some researchers have found these impairments in 39\% of the TBI population. Our research information needed to make inferences about emotions and mental states comes from visually presented, nonverbal cues (e.g., facial expressions or gestures). Theory of mind (ToM) deficits after TBI are partially explained by impaired visual attention and the processing of these important cues. This research found that patients with deficits in visual processing differ from healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, we found visual processing problems can be determined by looking at the eye tracking data developed from industry standard eye tracking hardware and software. We predicted that the eye tracking data of the overall population is correlated to the TASIT test. The visual processing of impaired (who got at least one answer wrong from TASIT questions) and unimpaired (who got all answer correctly from TASIT questions) differs significantly. We have divided the eye-tracking data into 3 second time blocks of time series data to detect the most salient individual blocks to the TASIT score. Our preliminary results suggest that we can predict the whole population's impairment using eye-tracking data with an improved f1 score from 0.54 to 0.73. For this, we developed optimized support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) classifier.

This thesis investigates the existence of the turn-of-the-month (ToM) effect on the Swedish stock market and further examines whether this calendar anomaly is persistent but different during the Covid-19 pandemic. The main purpose of this study is to determine if the ToM effect is significant in the Swedish stock market over twelve years, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. The major finding is that the ToM effect is statistically significant for all indexes except for the large cap. The ToM window for the mid- and all cap indexes is significant for the last four trading days of the month to the first trading day of the next month. It is also significant for the small cap index during the last four trading days of the month to the first two trading days of the next month. The results of a significant ToM effect are similar to those of prior research, except that the Swedish stock market has an earlier ToM window. The Covid-19 pandemic is divided into three windows – before the virus has reached Sweden, before vaccinations, and after vaccinations. The results indicate that the ToM effect is insignificant when Covid-19 had not yet reached Sweden. Additionally, this study discovers a significant ToM pattern in the small cap and mid cap indexes, but not for the large cap or all cap indexes before vaccinations and after vaccinations. Hence, the ToM effect is persistent but different during a time of a major crisis, which in this paper is the time of the Covid-19 pandemic.  The research approach is deductive and quantitative. All data is collected from Nasdaq as observations of the daily adjusted closing prices starting from 1/4/2010 to 4/22/2022, and consists of the indexes: OMXSCAPGI, OMXS30GI, OMXSSCGI, and OMXSMCGI. The daily returns are then regressed on dummy variables for the trading days, by using different ToM windows to find results if these ToM windows are significant or not.

A place where Star Voyagers start their space journeys – Welcome to Spaceport Sweden.

Theory of Mind (ToM) has repeatedly been defined as the ability to understand that others believe their own things based on their own subjective interpretations and experiences, and that their thoughts are determined independently from your own. In this study, we wanted to see if individual differences in ToM are capable of causing different perceptions of an individual's interactions with human like robotics and highlight whether or not individual differences in ToM account for different levels of how individuals experience what is called the "Uncanny Valley phenomenon" and to see whether or not having a fully developed theory of mind is essential to the perception of the interaction. This was assessed by inquiring whether or not individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) perceive robotics and artificially intelligent technology in the same ways that typically developed individuals do; we focused on the growing use of social robotics in ASD therapies. Studies have indicated that differences of ToM exist between individuals with ASD and those who are typically developed. Comparably, we were also curious to see if differences in empathy levels also accounted for differences in ToM and thus a difference in the perceptions of human like robotics. A robotic image rating survey was administered to a group of University of central Florida students, as well as 2 surveys - the Autism Spectrum Quotient (ASQ) and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES), which helped optimize a measurement for theory of mind. Although the results of this study did not support the claim that individuals with ASD do not experience the uncanny valley differently than typically developed individuals, there were significant enough results to conclude that different levels of empathy may account for individual differences in the uncanny valley. People with low empathy seemed to have experienced less of an uncanny valley feeling, while people with higher recorded empathy showed to experience more of an uncanny valley sensitivity.

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