Orientador: Leila Trevisan Braz / Resumo: A melancieira é uma hortaliça amplamente cultivada no Brasil, sendo consumida por todas as classes sociais. A enxertia vem sendo utilizada para esta cultura em muitos países e os benefícios são no controle de doenças, principalmente as de solo; na maior absorção de nutrientes, melhor eficiência no uso da água, aumento da tolerância a temperaturas extremas, aumento da tolerância à salinidade e ao encharcamento, proporcionando, assim, melhor produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Diante do exposto, foi avaliado o desempenho de três porta-enxertos (‘Strong Tosa’, ‘Super Shintosa’ e ‘Carnivor’) para a melancia ‘Manchester’. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em 2016, na cidade de Holambra-SP, e, em 2017, nas cidades de Itápolis--SP e Holambra-SP. Em cada experimento, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características de desenvolvimento da planta, produção e qualidade do fruto para todos os experimentos, além de teores de nutrientes da parte aérea e do fruto, nos experimentos realizados em Holambra-SP. A partir dos dados obtidos, foram realizadas análises estatísticas individuais e conjunta dos anos, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de significância. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o software R. Resultados mostraram que ‘Manchester’ sem enxertia, obteve maior produtividade, além de possuir menor custo da muda. A enxertia aumentou a firmeza da polpa do fruto que p... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Watermelon is a vegetable widely cultivated in Brazil, being consumed by all social classes. Grafting has been used for this crop in many countries and the benefits are soil-borne disease control, greater nutrient uptake, better efficiency in water use, increased tolerance to extreme temperatures, increased tolerance to salinity and flooding. Thus providing better yield and fruit quality. Considering the above, the performance of three rootstocks ('Strong Tosa', 'Super Shintosa' and 'Carnivor') with ‘Manchester’ F1 watermelon were evaluated. Experiments were grown in 2016 in the city of Holambra-SP and in 2017 in the cities of Itápolis-SP and Holambra-SP. Each experiment used a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. Plant development, production and fruit quality traits were evaluated for all experiments, as well as nutrient content of the plant and fruit in the experiments carried out in Holambra-SP. From the data obtained, individual and conjoint statistical analyzes of the years were performed and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% level of significance. Statistical analyzes were carried out using software R. Results showed that the un-grafted ‘Manchester’ F1 obtained a higher yield plus had the lower transplant cost. Grafting increased the flesh firmness, which can be a benefit during the transport of the fruit. Plant development, fruit production and quality traits, were not generally affected by the use of grafti... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeSM.pdf: 285646 bytes, checksum: 806d8cb57146ca69bbc7d647f187939d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-07 / The stress responses can be parameters used in order to identify the welfare of animals. Behavior parameters can also be regarded as means to identify their relation to stressing situations. In this study, adult male and female poodle dogs, accustomed (group 1) or not (group 2) to the environment of a bath and grooming salon were analyzed through the plasmatic concentration of cortisol, cell counting of the immune system (total leukocytes and percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes) and through observation of changes in behavior before and after the bath and grooming service. After arriving at the kennel, the dogs were taken to the bath and grooming facility, where they had their blood samples taken and were observed for ten minutes. The subsequent procedures consisted of the bath and grooming services and the collection of another blood samples. The research results were analyzed through non-parametric statistic tests and p < 0.05. Accustomed and non-accustomed dogs presented different hormonal and behavior responses: accustomed dogs presented an increasing of the cortisol level at the second blood samples collection, thus indicating stress towards the aforementioned procedures and presenting behavior responses which can be described as moderated stress. Non-accustomed dogs presented the same cortisol levels in both first and second samples suggesting that they were already reacting to the new environment. Dogs also shown behavioral responses which can be described as acute stress. Both male and female dogs showed similar immunological changes as well as different endocrine and behavioral profiles. Concerning aggression, this study demonstrates that biting the owner can be a predicting behavior of aggression during the bath and grooming service, male dogs were more aggressive than the female, and that males were more reactive to unknown caretaker. The results of this research propose that the familiarization of the animal with the bath and grooming environment and caretaker is important to the welfare of poodle dogs, especially to that of male dogs / As respostas de estresse podem ser vari?veis utilizadas para identificar o n?vel de bem-estar dos animais. Par?metros comportamentais tamb?m podem ser usados tentando identificar sua correspond?ncia com situa??es estressantes. Neste estudo c?es da ra?a poodle, adultos, de ambos os sexos, familiarizados (Grupo 1) e n?o familiarizados (Grupo 2) a um ambiente de sal?o de beleza canino foram avaliados por meio da concentra??o plasm?tica de cortisol, contagem de c?lulas do sistema imune (leuc?citos totais e percentuais de neutr?filos e linf?citos) e observa??o de altera??es comportamentais antes e ap?s os procedimentos de banho e tosa. Ap?s a chegada do animal no canil, dentro do ambiente de banho e tosa, foi realizada uma primeira coleta de sangue seguida por um intervalo de observa??o de 10 minutos, realiza??o dos procedimentos de banho e tosa e coleta de uma segunda amostra de sangue. Os resultados foram analisados usando testes estat?sticos n?o param?tricos e o valor de p < 0.05. C?es familiarizados e n?o familiarizados tiveram respostas hormonais e comportamentais diferentes: os c?es familiarizados apresentaram eleva??o do cortisol na segunda coleta, indicando o estresse provavelmente aos procedimentos, e respostas comportamentais que podem ser caracterizadas como estresse moderado. Os c?es n?o familiarizados ao ambiente apresentaram concentra??es semelhantes de cortisol na primeira e segunda coletas sugerindo que a situa??o estressante parece ser anterior aos procedimentos, provavelmente relacionada ao novo ambiente. Apresentaram tamb?m respostas comportamentais que podem ser caracterizadas como estresse agudo. Machos e f?meas apresentaram altera??es imunol?gicas semelhantes e altera??es end?crinas e comportamentais diferentes entre os sexos nos dois grupos experimentais. Com rela??o ? agressividade observou-se que morder o propriet?rio ? um bom preditor de agressividade durante os procedimentos de banho e tosa, os machos foram mais agressivos que as f?meas e reagiram mais a um tosador estranho. Estes resultados sugerem que a familiaridade do animal ao ambiente de tosa e banho e ao tosador ? importante para o bem-estar animal de c?es da ra?a poodle, particularmente nos machos

A cost-effective 25 Gb/s directly-modulated transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) packaging solutions by transistor outline (TO)-Can materials and processes were proposed and demonstrated. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a high bandwidth TO-Can header for high-speed laser module, to verify a method, to propose a three-version of 25 Gb/s TO-Can laser module packaging, and to analyze in the frequency-domain and time-domain, and to experimentally demonstrate a 25 Gb/s TOSA. Usually, the transmission bandwidth of a conventional TO-Can laser module is limited below 10 GHz. To overcome this limitation and figure out the solution, firstly, the geometric structure of a conventional TO-56 header was analyzed by using transmission line models and electrical characteristics of the TO-56 header through a three-dimensional electromagnetism full-wave simulation software. The simulated results were in good agreement with the measured results and verify the applicability. Furthermore, we found that the 3-dB bandwidth of a conventional TO-56 header was limited at 16.7GHz. In this study, the first version of TO-Can header V1 was proposed to overcome the problem of the discontinuous impedance. By applying the TO-Can header V1, a TO-Can laser module package was proposed. The electrical characteristics parameters of the TO-Can header V1 were extracted and combined with small-signal equivalent circuit models of laser diode to simulate the electrical characteristics of the entire TO-Can laser module by the circuit simulation tool. Since bent inside feed-leads and two-step coaxial feed-through holes of the TO-Can header V1 were difficult to achieve in our laboratory equipments, the second version of TO-Can header V2 was proposed and verified experimentally. A 25 Gb/s TO-Can laser module with a matching resistor by adopting the TO-Can header V2 was proposed. The simulated results of this solution by considering with bonding-wires showed that the transmission bandwidth and eye diagram could achieve requirements of 25 Gb/s transmissions. Finally, the third version of 25 Gb/s TO-Can laser module adopted the TO-Can header V2 and an AlN submount of L-shaped microstrip line was proposed, fabricated, and measured. A DFB LD chip with a 3-dB bandwidth of 21.2 GHz was modeled and used in the simulation and the fabrication. Due to the parasitic effect induced by bonding-wires and die-bonding structure, the variation of high frequency performance of the laser module was simulated comprehensively. By referring to the proposed structure, a TOSA was fabricated by a conventional TO-Can and TOSA fabrication equipments and processes. The measured 3-dB bandwidth of the TOSA was 18.7 GHz. A clear eye diagrams of 25 Gb/s and BER testing for BTB and SMF transmission were obtained. This cost-effective solution of the TOSA is compatible with existing automatic TO-Can process lines and can be fabricated massively. Therefore, the results of this study of proposed TOSA can be applied in the next generation networks of 100GBASE-LR4, OTU4, and 32GFC. The presented simulation and verified technique may provide sufficient estimation and step-by-step analysis to assist the high-speed and high-density optical communication applications and various product developments in the future.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_antonella_mattei.pdf: 1371688 bytes, checksum: c8fe587e0a5f75bd8d1e4ecfd0745d85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / The aim of this study was isolate filamentous fungi and yeast from veterinary clinics, pet shop and veterinary hospital in Pelotas city/RS and do in vitro test of disinfectants/antiseptics used for clean these places. Surfaces samples were collected from the veterinary hospital before and after the disinfection of the doctor s room, surgery room, internation room and UTI. Samples were collect using contact plates containing agar Sabouraud dextrose added of chloramphenicol, which were incubate at 32ºC during five days. After that, the in vitro susceptibility test against sodium hipoclorite, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine-cetrimide and chlorine-phenol derivate was done. Samples from the pet shop, veterinary room and clinics were collected with brush and blade of shearing machine with swabs and cultured in plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar added of chloramphenicol and olive-oil and Mycosel® agar, incubated at 25º and 32ºC, for 15 days. In the hospital environment, the filamentous and yeast colonies (CFU/ cm2) was higher in the internation room, showing fungal contamination before disinfection, while the surgical room was the less contaminated. The surfaces studied showed that the stall was the most contaminated before the disinfection, while the trough had a lower contamination. Filamentous fungi grew in 88.9% (192/216) of samples before disinfection, within Aspergillus spp identified in 29.2% (56/192). While, yeasts were recovered in 11.1% (24/216) of samples; corresponding to Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus genus. After a disinfection, filamentous fungi growth occurred in 73.3%(143/195) of samples, within Aspergillus genus corresponded to 28.7%(41/143). The yeast fungi growth was found in 26.2%(51/195) of samples, and belong to Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus genus and 0.5% of dimorphic fungi, Sporothrix schenckii. Of these 150 samples through shearing instruments, the fungi growth was observed in 58 samples, within 58.6% (34/58) at blade of shearing machine and 41.4% (24/58) from brush. There, Candida (34.7%), Malassezia (47.5%), Trichosporon (2.5%) e Rhodotorula (15.3%) were the genus identified, noone dermatophytes was obtain. The range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of disinfectants/antiseptics against Aspergillus spp isolates were &#8804; 1.25 to > 160 &#956;l/mL and &#8804; 1.25 to 80 &#956;l/mL, respectively. Whereas, range of MIC and MFC of disinfectants/antiseptics against Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon and Rhodotorula genus isolates were &#8804; 1.25 to 40 &#956;l/mL. In the veterinary hospital environment filamentous fungi and yeast are present. After disinfection a decrease in the fungal contamination occurs, but without statistically significant. About shearing instruments, the blade of shearing machine was the most contaminated part, with a predominance of Malassezia genus. The benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine-cetrimide and chlorine-phenol derivated were effective in the use concentration recommended by the manufacturer, while the sodium hypochlorite use concentration did not inhibit fungal growth of 56.1% of isolates tested. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes de clínicas e consultórios veterinários, pet shops e hospital veterinário da cidade de Pelotas/RS, bem como avaliar a eficácia in vitro dos desinfetantes/antissépticos utilizados na limpeza dos locais estudados. Foram realizadas coletas de superfície do hospital veterinário antes e após a desinfecção da sala do consultório, sala cirúrgica, internação e UTI, através de placas de contato contendo ágar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol, incubadas a 32ºC por cinco dias, para obtenção de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC). Posteriormente, foi realizado o teste de suscetibilidade in vitro dos isolados fúngicos frente ao hipoclorito de sódio, cloreto de benzalcônio, clorexidina-cetrimida e derivado cloro-fenol. Em pet shops, consultórios e clínicas veterinárias também foram coletadas amostras de rascadeiras e lâminas da máquina de tosa através de swabs estéreis e impressão em placas contendo ágar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol e azeite de oliva e ágar Mycosel®, incubadas a 25º e 32ºC, por até 15 dias. No ambiente hospitalar, a contagem das UFC/cm2 filamentosas e leveduriformes foi maior na sala de internação antes da desinfecção, enquanto que, a sala cirúrgica foi a menos contaminada. A análise das superfícies demonstrou que a baia era a mais contaminada antes da desinfecção, enquanto que a calha apresentava menor contaminação. O crescimento de fungos filamentosos ocorreu em 88,9%(192/216) das amostras antes da desinfecção, identificado Aspergillus spp em 29,2%(56/192). Já o crescimento de fungos leveduriformes ocorreu em 11,1%(24/216) das amostras, com os gêneros Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula e Cryptococcus. Após a desinfecção houve crescimento de fungos filamentosos em 73,3%(143/195) das amostras, sendo identificado o gênero Aspergillus em 28,7%(41/143). O crescimento de fungos leveduriformes ocorreu em 26,2%(51/195) das amostras, pertencentes aos gêneros Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula e Cryptococcus e 0,5% foi o percentual de isolamento de fungo dimórfico, Sporothrix schenckii. Das 150 amostras obtidas dos instrumentos de tosa, o crescimento fúngico ocorreu em 58 amostras, sendo 58,6% (34/58) referentes à lâmina da máquina de tosa e 41,4% (24/58) a rascadeira. Foram identificados os gêneros Candida (34,7%), Malassezia (47,5%), Trichosporon (2,5%) e Rhodotorula (15,3%), porém não foram isolados dermatófitos. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) dos isolados de Aspergillus spp frente aos quatro desinfetantes/antissépticos variaram de &#8804; 1,25 a > 160 &#956;l/mL e &#8804; 1,25 a 80 &#956;l/mL, respectivamente. Enquanto que, tanto a CIM e CFM dos isolados dos gêneros Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon e Rhodotorula frente aos quatro desinfetantes/antissépticos, variaram de &#8804; 1,25 a 40 &#956;l/mL. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, no ambiente hospitalar veterinário estão presentes fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes e após a desinfecção houve redução da contaminação fúngica, porém não apresentando diferença estatística significativa; considerando os instrumentos de tosa, a lâmina da máquina de tosa foi a mais contaminada, com predominância do gênero Malassezia; a clorexidina-cetrimida, cloreto de benzalcônio e derivado de cloro-fenol foram eficazes na concentração de uso indicada pelo fabricante, enquanto que o hipoclorito de sódio na concentração de uso não inibiu o crescimento fúngico de 56,1% dos isolados testados.