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Based on the theory of local state corporatism, the state-centered approach, which emphasizes the importance of state autonomy, was applied to explore the evolvement of rural industry. From the viewpoint of the relationship between state and society, the author explained why the local government and farmers were able to promote the development of Township Village Enterprises (TVEs) and rural economy in 1970s¡¦. Basically, the evolvement of rural industry in China was derived from the thinking of state industrialization and modernization. It has changed three times since the establishment of People¡¦s Republic of China. During the periods of Mao and Deng, though each change was due to the different situations or strategies, the fundamental philosophy were the same. The central government ¡¦s policy, the reform of rural economy, and the effective decision and control of local government were the major factors for the development of TVEs and the change of property system in 1980s¡¦. In short, local state corporatism was a makeshift device for the local government to control and divide resources with administrative powers to pursue desired political, economic and societal goals. It formed a system in which the cadres of the Communist Party, the officials of government, businessmen and farmers were united to achieve these goals. Under the autarchy of Chinese Communist Party, this kind of political-oriented economy reform in rural areas changed dramatically the interrelationship between state agents and social organizations and rebuilt a new model for such interactions. These experiences would have a great deal of implications for the underdevelopment countries of the third world.

本文主要是利用中國統計年鑑、中國鄉鎮企業年鑑、中國工業經濟統計年鑑及1995年第三次全國工業普查資料匯編各年版所提供的一九九五至一九九七年期間大陸工業三十三個產業別之追蹤資料，研究大陸鄉鎮企業對國有企業經營績效之影響。本文所定義的國有企業經營績效，主要分為兩部分：一為大陸國有企業的獲利能力，一為大陸國有企業的生產技術效率。在大陸國有企業的獲利能力部分，本研究論文是採用固定效果模型（fixed-effect model）之迴歸模型來探討大陸鄉鎮企業的產業發展對國有企業獲利能力的影響。接著在大陸國有企業的生產技術效率部分，本研究論文則採用Battese and Coelli（1995）提出的具有轉移對數形式及可採用時序加截面數據的隨機邊界生產函數模型（stochastic frontier production function model），來探討大陸鄉鎮企業的產業發展對國有企業技術效率的影響。 　　本文主要的研究發現為，大陸鄉鎮企業確實對國有企業之經營績效產生不利影響。從區分的產業類別來看，大陸鄉鎮企業對國有輕工業部門經營績效之影響，已由損害獲利階段進入不利技術效率之階段，而國有重工業部門則停留在受鄉鎮企業負面影響獲利的階段，此乃由於鄉鎮企業發展階段的不同，所造成的影響結果亦有所差異。在本文之研究期間，鄉鎮企業在輕工業的發展已趨成熟，並開始積極發展重工業部門，所以國有之重工業部門依循其輕工業受影響模式，已出現獲利受到鄉鎮企業影響而下降之情形。 　　其次，本文之實證結果顯示，國有企業規模對其經營績效有顯著的助益效果。規模較大之國有企業尤其是大型國有之重工業，確實存在顯著的規模經濟效益。亦顯現出大陸政府自一九九０年開始，希望透過國有企業資源之整合，促進其發揮規模經濟效益之政策，在一九九五至一九九七年期間可能已在國有企業及其重工業部門初見成效。 此外，本文之實證結果顯示，資金密集度對國有重工業部門產生不利技術效率的影響，對其獲利能力並無顯著影響。 　　雖然，本文之研究結果顯示，大陸鄉鎮企業確實對國有企業之經營績效產生不利影響，但這僅是短期之現象，本論文認為鄉鎮企業所扮演的角色除了是市場競爭者外，其更應積極的被視為篩選國有企業之機制，經由鄉鎮企業的競爭壓力及短期內之不利影響，可迫使國有企業為保護其獲利不被損害及在市場上繼續生存，必須採取反應措施，而逐漸走向符合市場經濟的制度，例如讓營運不佳的企業在競爭下自市場退出、選擇適當的技術路線、發展具生產利益的產業及企業必須加強產品的創新，以獲取較高的創新利潤等回應措施。若國有企業在長期下真能依循上述模型進行調整，則國有企業之技術效率將有所提昇，並能改善其獲利低下的情況，進而達到經營績效改善。依此看來，本論文認為鄉鎮企業所發揮的是更為積極、穩定的改革力量，促使國有企業長期且持續的進行經營績效改善。 　　因此，在解決大陸國有企業經營績效的問題時，國有企業制度的改革固然重要，但若大陸政府在推行改革時，能加以考量鄉鎮企業發展此一重要因素，將大陸鄉鎮企業之發展視為篩選國有企業之機制，淘汰不適於市場機制、競爭力不足、虧損之國有企業，則長期下將可使國有企業達到經營績效改善之效果。 / This thesis investigates the influence of township-village enterprises (TVEs) on the performance of China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Industrial-based panel data from 1995~1997 provided by various published years of the China Statistical Year Book , China Industry Economy Statistical Year Book, The data of The Third National Industiral Census of The People’s Repiblic of China in 1995, and China Township-Village Enterprises Year Book　are adopted to estimate the fixed-effect model of SOEs’ profit rate function, and stochastic frontier production function model of SOEs’ technical efficiency function. The primary finding is that the profit rate in the heavy industry and the technical efficiency in light industry of China’ SOEs are both influenced negatively by the output share of TVEs, the above proves the influence of TVEs on the performance of SOEs has changed from profit loses to technical inefficiency, but this condition won’t exist for long because of the policies to improve performance adopted by SOEs , like relocation factors, adjustment size or any useful acts will take effect. Secondly, larger scale of SOEs, especially in heavy industry, gets higher profit rate and higher technical efficiency, the conclusion indicate that size of SOEs brings improvement of performance to SOEs. Besides, improvement of the technical efficiency of SOEs is crossed in capital intensive, but has no effect on profitability. The above proves that SOEs will against the competition by reactions in policy, as long as longtime performance, the technical efficiency of SOEs will make great advances. Therefore, for solving the problem about the performance of SOEs, besides the innovation in economic system, China should concern about the competitiveness of TVEs. In conclusion, China should regard TVEs not only as a competitor but also as a mechanism to sift out uncompetitive SOEs from China’s market so that the performance of SOEs can be improved to reach the crucial position in China.