For centuries Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) used their indigenous knowledge (IK) in conserving medicinal plants and environments to maintain sustainability. With the rapid environmental, social, economic and political changes occurring in many areas inhabited by rural people exist the danger that the loss of biodiversity from habitat destruction and unsustainable harvesting practices will result in some species becoming extinct. The main aim of the study was to determine the natural habitat of extinction-prone traditional medicinal plants combining the insight of THPs with an ultimate goal of guiding research for the conservation, propagation and cultivation of traditional medicinal plants. Despite problems, opportunities and challenges expressed and identified by THPs, the analysis of data from interview schedule and personal observations, show that the THPs' practices are shaped by historical processes and local cultural values, social norms and their management strategies that are influenced by a broad range of factors. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M.A. (Human Ecology)

Submitted by Nivaldo Melo (nivaldo.melo@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-10-19T17:23:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 9 bytes, checksum: 42dd12a06de379d3ffa39b67dc9c7aff (MD5) deliene_fracete_gutierrez,.pdf: 1706420 bytes, checksum: f843640daf71e09e91c83bc295621b02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-10-24T15:54:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) deliene_fracete_gutierrez,.pdf: 1706420 bytes, checksum: f843640daf71e09e91c83bc295621b02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-24T15:54:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) deliene_fracete_gutierrez,.pdf: 1706420 bytes, checksum: f843640daf71e09e91c83bc295621b02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) / O uso de plantas para tratamento, cura e preven??o de doen?as, ? uma das mais antigas formas de pr?tica medicinal da humanidade. No Brasil a influ?ncia da cultura ind?gena, africana e europeia fundamentam a utiliza??o das plantas medicinais e outras pr?ticas de cura. Este saber tem sido marginalizado pela ci?ncia moderna apesar de ter sido fundamental para constitui??o da mesma. Cerca de 80% da popula??o mundial utiliza tratamentos tradicionais a base de plantas para suas necessidades de aten??o prim?ria de sa?de conforme estimativas da Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de. As plantas de uso medicinal s?o cultivadas tanto em quintais rurais quanto urbanos. Nestes espa?os ao redor das casas, s?o cultivadas plantas para v?rios fins, s?o criados animais dom?sticos de pequeno porte e, tamb?m, acontecem atividades socioculturais e de lazer, o que faz dos quintais espa?os de conserva??o da biodiversidade e da sociodiversidade al?m de ser espa?o pedag?gico de reprodu??o do modo de vida do campo. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar a l?gica cultural do uso de plantas medicinais e a valora??o de pr?ticas tradicionais do cuidar de agricultores familiares de tr?s munic?pios do Vale do Mucuri (Sudoeste do Brasil). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa onde foram feitas entrevistadas com agricultores que cultivam e utilizam plantas medicinais no cuidado da sa?de. As entrevistas foram analisadas atrav?s do m?todo de an?lise de discurso e foi poss?vel identificar a racionalidade do cultivo e do uso das plantas, cujo conhecimento vem sendo perpetuado principalmente de forma oral de gera??o em gera??o. Foram identificados pares de opostos complementares que organizam o mundo vivido das comunidades tradicionais, como: quente/fria, brava/mansa, alta/baixa. Tamb?m foi identificada rela??o da coleta das plantas com as fases da lua, com a cultura ind?gena local e com a f? cat?lica popular. Consideramos que o conhecimento a respeito do uso das plantas medicinais contribui com a autonomia das pessoas no cuidado com a sa?de, resiste e contribui com a constru??o do conhecimento dialogado com outros para a constru??o de uma sociedade mais saud?vel. Essa disserta??o de mestrado faz parte de um projeto mais amplo aprovado pela FAPEMIG no bi?nio 2015-2017 intitulado: ?O lugar e a vida: A organiza??o do trabalho e imagin?rio entre os agricultores familiares no Alto Vale Jequitinhonha (MG).? / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / The use of plants for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases, is one of the oldest form of medical practice of mankind. In Brazil the influence of indigenous, African and European culture is warranting the use of medicinal plants and other healing practices. This knowledge has been marginalized by modern science even though it was fundamental for creation of it. About 80% of world population uses traditional herbal treatments for their primary health care needs according to estimates from the World Health Organization. The medicinal plants are grow in both rural and urban backyards. In these spaces around the houses, are cultivated plants for various purposes as the livestock of small domestic animals, also are held socio-cultural and leisure activities, which makes the backyards spaces of biodiversity conservation and social diversity as well as being educational space of reproduction of the rural way of life. Thus, this research aims to demonstrate the cultural logic of the use of medicinal plants and the valuation of traditional practices of caring from agricultural families in three municipalities of the Mucuri Valley (Brazil Southeast). It is a qualitative survey where respondents were from agricultural families who cultivate and use medicinal plants in the care of the health. The interviewed results analyzed by discurse analyses and were identified rationale of the cultivation and use of plants, that are mainly passed down orally from generation to generation. Complementary opposite pairs were identified to organize the life of traditional communities, like: hot/cold, angry/meek, tall/short. Also were identified the relationship of collect of plants with the phases of the moon, the relationship with the local indigenous culture and popular catholic faith. Considering that this knowledge contributes to people's autonomy in caring for the health, resist and contributione to building of knowledge in dialogue with others to the maintenance of a healthier society. This dissertation is part of a larger project approved by the FAPEMIG the biennium 2015-2017 entitled "The place and the life: The organization of work and imagination among family farmers in the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley (MG).

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / The use of traditional medicine through the use of medicinal plants in Africa and especially in South Africa has long been considered an important characteristic of people's daily lives and socio-cultural heritage. Cotyledon Orbiculata is among the medicinal plants that are used by South African traditional practitioners for the treatment of epilepsy and painful conditions such as corns, warts, toothache, earache, boils and various other ailments. However, the claim of therapeutic successes of medicinal plants by traditional medicine practitioners are hardly subjected to scientific scrutiny. This study therefore, investigated the anti-epileptic property of Cotyledon Orbiculata by studying the effects of the methanol extract of the plant against chemically induced seizures by pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin, bicuculline and N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid in mice. The study also investigated the analgestic effects of Cotyledon Orbiculata by studying the effect of the plant extract on pain induced by acetic acid and hot plate thermal stimulation. / South Africa

Xhosa psychiatric nurses stand unique at the interface between Western mental health care and indigenous healing in South Africa. They stem from a cultural history that is embedded within traditional health care discourses and yet are trained and work within a Western psychiatric model. In embodying the intersection between these two paradigms, they are faced with the challenge of making sense of such an amalgamation. These nurses' views are thus valuable in reflecting this intersection and illustrating many of the central concerns that surround it. This study explicates the views of these nurses toward traditional healers and their potential role in mental health care in South Africa. In addition, it illuminates some of the cultural dynamics at work amongst these subjects as they struggle to make sense of their unique cultural position. Using a questionnaire-based methodology, the views of Xhosa psychiatric nurses in a psychiatric hospital in the Eastern Cape, toward traditional healers and their role in mental-health care, were examined. The findings reveal that the vast majority of these nurses believe in traditional cosmology, involve themselves in traditional ritual practices and regularly visit traditional healers as patients. In suggesting ways in which indigenous healing and Western mental health care can work together, 75% of the nurses were in favour of a general referral system between the hospital and traditional healers, most (77%) agreed that certain patients would be better off being treated by both the hospital and traditional healers than they would if they were only being treated by the hospital alone, and 85% of the subjects agreed that patients who are already seeing traditional healers should check if psychiatric medication might help them. These findings indicate that these nurses operate across two healing systems which are at this point not conceptually compatible. This results in deep cultural tension for the nurses. In being entangled in the dialectical tension created in this context, the nurses manage the incongruencies in three general ways: a) Most, in one form or another, incorporate beliefs from both systems into an integrative model, b) some assimilate their cultural belief system into the Western mental health paradigm, throwing off their beliefs in traditional healing, and c) others remain ambivalent in the dialectic between traditional and Western health care discourses. Although this may suggest that these nurses reside within a cultural milieu that is somewhat unhealthy, at another level, in managing and containing the incompatibility between the two systems, these nurses ensure a space for on-going and healthy critique of the underlying assumptions involved in this health care malaise.

Orientador: Solange L'Abbate / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T09:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BilharinhoJunior_CarlosRodrigues_M.pdf: 4011190 bytes, checksum: 5e89f626876bf57f3cd79ecb036c992e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O Lian Gong é parte do Sistema Médico Complexo da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa. É uma prática chinesa de exercícios terapêuticos. Compõe-se de uma prática corporal de movimentos, especificamente projetada para a prevenção e tratamento de diferentes patologias do sistema músculo-esquelético, doenças crônicas e principalmente o stress da vida moderna. Nos últimos anos, temos observado o aumento crescente de práticas complementares e/ou integrativas de atenção à saúde em todo o mundo. No Brasil tal crescimento tem sido bastante significativo, a ponto de serem reconhecidas como parte das políticas públicas de atendimento à saúde. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o processo de institucionalização do Lian Gong no município de Amparo/SP e seus efeitos, como prática de promoção da saúde. Na perspectiva da Análise Institucional, abordagem na qual se coloca o presente trabalho, o Lian Gong deve ser considerado como uma prática instituinte, na medida em que se apresenta como uma alternativa ou como técnica complementar às práticas tradicionais da medicina, sobretudo as relacionadas ao consumo de medicamentos. Foram aplicados dois questionários aos pacientes, com intervalo de quatro meses para uma melhor avaliação dos resultados e análise dos efeitos dos exercícios realizados. Também foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a profissional responsável pela implantação do Lian Gong no Brasil, bem como com a gestora da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Amparo e com os sujeitos responsáveis pela implantação do projeto nas unidades de saúde. Esta investigação visou reforçar a importância do Lian Gong como uma prática de promoção da saúde que pode contribuir para melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. Os resultados apontam para a potencialidade do Lian Gong, como prática de grande relevância para proporcionar aos pacientes melhoria nos aspectos físico, mental e social, desde que praticada de forma contínua e com profissionais devidamente capacitados e com uma implicação positiva com a atividade. Tais resultados se devem, em grande parte, à forma como a gestão municipal de Amparo/SP criou as condições para que a atividade pudesse ser desenvolvida sistematicamente nas várias unidades de saúde, bem como o comprometimento dos profissionais e a aceitação dos usuários. Acredito que este estudo possa contribuir para demonstrar a importância e a eficácia do Lian Gong como uma ferramenta extremamente útil na promoção da saúde, não só em Amparo, como em outros municípios brasileiros / Abstract: Lian Gong is part of a complex medical system of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a Chinese therapeutic exercise practice. Consists of a corporal practice specially developed to prevent and treat different pathologies of the skeletal muscle system, chronic diseases and mainly to modern live stress. During the last years, we have observed an increasing growth of Complementary/Integrative practices all over the world. In Brazil such growth has been very expressive, so that, they were recognized as a public program of the government in the health field. The objective of this research was analyzing the introduction of the Lian Gong in the city of Amparo/São Paulo and its effects, as a health promotion practice. Using Institutional Analysis, method which is used in this research, Lian Gong must be considered as an instituinte practice, in the way it shows as an alternative or complementary technique to traditional medicine practices, especially related to medical consumption. Two questionnaires were applied to the patients, with a 4 months gap, for best evaluation results and to analyze the effects of the exercises. Also semi-structured interviews with the professional responsible for the introduction of this technique in Brazil, and also with the Health Manager of Amparo and with the responsible persons for the introduction of the project in the health unities. This research aimed to strengthen the importance of Lian Gong as a practice of health promotion, which can contribute to improve the quality of life of the population. In this research it could be showed the faculties of Lian Gong, practice that hás great importance/worth, which offered physical, mental and social improvement, since practiced in a continuous way, with qualified professionals and positive involvement with the activity. Such results were achieved mainly by the responsible way the public administration of the city of Amparo/SP has created conditions for the systematic development of this activity in the various health unities, as so as the commitment of professionals involved and also the approval of users, which made it possible to be a daily activity developed in different unities around this city. I believe this study contributes in a way to appraise the relevance and effectiveness of Lian Gong as an instrument in health promotion area, not only in Amparo, but also in other Brazilian cities / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

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No. of bitstreams: 1 juarezsilvaaraujo.pdf: 1891167 bytes, checksum: 76e4d9b8b8f303e0cbb13b9ba441eeb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / A medicina tradicional brasileira advém dos povos indígenas, e a partir do encontro de diferentes etnias, ocorrido durante o período colonial, práticas e recursos terapêuticos oficiais e tradicionais passam a conviver de forma híbrida.Com o desenvolvimento e a institucionalização da biomedicina,a partir do século XIX, dá-se um processo de criminalização das práticas tradicionais em saúde, ao passo em que a construção de novos e mais eficazes recursos tecnológicos em saúde acarreta, ao mesmo tempo,um esvaziamento nas relações interpessoais e vinculares entre profissionais de saúde e usuários. A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) tem sido abordada como proposta a este esvaziamento e à fragmentação do sistema de saúde atual, tendo o Brasil, ao longo das duas últimas décadas, trabalhado através da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) como forma de organizar a APS, implementando a equipe multiprofissional e fortalecendo os vínculos com a comunidade, constituindo uma teia de relações que, por sua vez, fornece um rol de possibilidades tecnológicas para alcançar a maior efetividade no cuidado em saúde. Entre estas possibilidades estão a prática da medicina tradicional e o uso de plantas medicinais pelas comunidades locais, as quais também fazem parte da realidade do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS), que, pertencendo à comunidade e sendo membro da equipe de saúde da família, torna-se um elo natural entre estes dois universos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e discutir o uso e a indicação do uso de plantas medicinais por ACS’s do município de Juiz de Fora em seu processo de trabalho. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que identifica as características do ACS no tocante à sua construção como profissional de saúde e a seu ambiente de trabalho em relação à medicina tradicional. Foi realizado estudo transversal com amostra de ACS’s que trabalham no município de Juiz de Fora, buscando evidenciar o estado atual de seu conhecimento quanto às plantas medicinais e quanto ao uso das mesmas, tanto no âmbito familiar como no profissional. Conclui-se que o ACS é, hoje,o profissional mais bem capacitado, dentro da estratégia de saúde da família, a abordar recursos tradicionais e comunitários para o cuidado em saúde, mas cuja atividade prospectiva precisa ser inserida e trabalhada dentro da equipe de saúde, não apenas na perspectiva de agregar conhecimento, mas no sentido de transformação e mudança da própria equipe e de seu processo de trabalho com a medicina tradicional. / Brazilian traditional medicine has its origins on the native indigenous people, and after the coexistence of different ethnicities, during the Colonial period, therapeutic practices and resources considered official and traditional were used together in a hybrid form. Considering the development and institutionalization of biomedicine, after the 19thcentury, traditional methods in health care started to be criminalized. Meanwhile, the creation of newer and more effective technological resources in health systems led to an emptiness on interpersonal relationship between health care professionals and users. Primary Health Care (APS) has been studied as a proposal to this emptiness and fragmentation of current health care systems. In that terms, Brazil has been working on this method in the past two decades by using Family Health Strategy (ESF) as a way to organize APSs, by implementing a multi-professional team and strengthening bonds with local communities, which creates a network of correlations, providing more technological possibilities in order to increase the effectiveness of the health care system. Traditional medicine and use of medicinal plants from the local community are some of these possibilities, which are also part of the reality of the Community Health Care Agents (ACS), who belong to the local community and are members of the family health care team, making them a natural bond between these two worlds. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze and discuss the use and indication of use of medicinal plants by ACSs from the city of Juiz de Fora during their working process. Firstly, we made a comprehensive literature review in order to identify the main characteristics of the ACSs as a health care professional and their work environment, regarding traditional medicine. Then, we performed a cross-sectional study using a sample represented by the ACSs who work in Juiz de Fora, in order to evidence the current state of knowledge and use of medicinal plants, both in familiar and professional scopes. Finally, we conclude that in the current days, the ACS is the most skilled professional, inside the Family Health Strategy, to make use of traditional and community resources for health care purpose. However, their prospective activity needs to be included and executed inside the health care team, not only on the perspective of adding knowledge, but in the sense of transformation of the team and its working process with traditional medicine.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-05T15:32:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Silvana N. Figueiredo.pdf: 2407624 bytes, checksum: bca82bb0eaf6dac2c5027d1ed75fde01 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-05T15:33:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Silvana N. Figueiredo.pdf: 2407624 bytes, checksum: bca82bb0eaf6dac2c5027d1ed75fde01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T15:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Silvana N. Figueiredo.pdf: 2407624 bytes, checksum: bca82bb0eaf6dac2c5027d1ed75fde01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: Studies focused on the health research of the nursing worker have been discussing the workload and conditions for the exercise of care that, when too unhealthy, lead to the illness of this professional. To cope with stress, nursing professionals develop coping strategies. We are based on the theory of management of the symptoms with the intervention of Auriculotherapy, one of the branches of traditional Chinese medicine. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese auriculotherapy in combating stress and improving quality of life in nursing professionals active in hospital assistance. Method: Randomized and controlled clinical trial, with 73 nursing professionals with medium and high levels of stress, according to the list of symptoms of stress (LSS), of a public hospital in the city of Manaus (Amazonas), of the sectors of intensive care unit (ICU), Surgical Center (SC), Material and Sterilization Center (MSC). After withdrawals, an N of 56 professional women was obtained, which were divided into two groups: control group (G1) and Auriculotherapy Group (G2). The instruments used were: a questionnaire of sociodemographic data, the list of symptoms of stress of Vasconcelos (LSS), Work stress Scale (TSEs), Inventory of coping strategies of Folkman and Lazarus and an instrument of quality of life (SF12v2). The data collection was held from July to October 2017. The G2 received eight sessions of auriculotherapy with black mustard seeds twice a week and the participants responded to the instruments before and after the treatment. The ear-Point Protocol was: Shenmen, kidney, liver, lung, heart, brain stem and anxiety point. The average and standard deviation values were calculated for the variables and performed the descriptive statistical tests (Pearson square chi, variance analysis) and Intergroup analysis Inferential (T-test for independent groups). The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM). Results: Stress levels were considered high according to LSS for the initial sample of professionals. The G2 obtained 38% reduction in stress levels (LSS) with Cohen D index of 1.65 (P = 0,000), second Test T. and G1 did not have statistically significant difference to stress levels. As for TSEs, the G2 obtained 31% reduction, with Cohen index D of 1.64 (P = 0,007). The G1 did not get statistically significant difference. As for the coping inventory, after the treatment with auriculotherapy, the removal confrontation strategies suffered a large reduction of 36% in the frequency of use (P = < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between before and after in the physical and mental domains of the SF12v2. For Spearman's correlation tests between the instruments, a positive correlation was observed between the stress levels evaluated in LSS and TSEs, after treatment (r = 0,617/p = 0,000). and a negative correlation between LSS and the mental domain of SF12v2 (r = 0,489/p = 0,000). Conclusion: The Chinese auriculotherapy, with the proposed points protocol, managed to reduce the stress levels of nurses, technicians and nursing assistants of the ICU, SC and MSC, observed by the LSS and TSE instruments. It also obtained the reduction of frequency of use of the areas confrontation and removal, according to the inventory of coping. It did not have a statistically significant difference to the quality of life (SF12v2). In the correlation test, it was concluded that LSS and TSE instruments achieve similar results of stress levels and when there is stress reduction (LSS), there is an improvement in the mental domain of quality of life (SF12v2). More studies are needed, with a more significant sample, so that they can confirm the findings. / Introdução: Estudos voltados à investigação da saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem vêm discutindo a sobrecarga de trabalho e as condições para o exercício do cuidado que, quando demasiadamente insalubres, levam ao adoecimento deste profissional. Para enfrentar o estresse, os profissionais da enfermagem desenvolvem estratégias de coping. Baseamo-nos na Teoria de Manejo dos Sintomas com a intervenção da auriculoterapia, um dos ramos da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa. Objetivos: Avaliar a efetividade da auriculoterapia chinesa no combate ao estresse e melhoria de qualidade de vida em profissionais de enfermagem atuantes na assistência hospitalar. Método: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado e Controlado, com 73 profissionais de enfermagem com níveis médios e altos de estresse, segundo a Lista de Sintomas de Stress (LSS), de um hospital público da cidade de Manaus (Amazonas), dos setores de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), Centro Cirúrgico (CC), Central de Material e Esterilização (CME). Após desistências, obteve-se um N de 56 profissionais mulheres, que foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo controle (G1) e Grupo de auriculoterapia (G2). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos, a Lista de Sintomas de Stress de Vasconcelos (LSS), Escala de Estresse de Trabalho (EET), Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus e um instrumento de Qualidade de Vida (SF12v2). A coleta de dados foi realizada de julho a outubro de 2017. O G2 recebeu oito sessões de auriculoterapia com sementes de mostarda preta, duas vezes por semana e as participantes responderam aos instrumentos antes e após o tratamento. O protocolo de pontos auriculares foi: Shenmen, Rim, Fígado, Pulmão, Coração, Tronco Cerebral e ponto da Ansiedade. Foram calculados os valores de média e desvio padrão para as variáveis e realizados os testes de estatística descritiva (Qui Quadrado de Pearson, Análise de Variância) e análise inferencial intergrupos (teste t para grupos independentes). A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Resultados: os níveis de estresse foram considerados altos segundo, a LSS, para a amostra inicial de profissionais. O G2 obteve 38% de redução nos níveis de stress (LSS) com índice d de Cohen de 1,65 (p=0,000), segundo teste t. E o G1 não obteve diferença estatisticamente significativa para os níveis de estresse. Quanto à EET, o G2 obteve 31% de redução, com índice d de Cohen de 1,64 (p=0,007). Quanto ao Inventario de Coping, após o tratamento com auriculoterapia, as estratégias de Confronto e Afastamento sofreram grande redução, de 36%, na frequência de utilização (p=<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o antes e o depois nos domínios físico e mental do SF12v2. Para os testes de correlação de Spearman entre os instrumentos, observou-se uma correlação positiva entre os níveis de estresse avaliados na LSS e EET, após o tratamento (r=0,617 / p=0,000). E uma correlação negativa entre a LSS e o domínio mental da SF12v2 (r=0,489 / p=0,000). Conclusão: A auriculoterapia chinesa, com o protocolo de pontos propostos, conseguiu reduzir os níveis de estresse de profissionais enfermeiras, técnicas e auxiliares de enfermagem da UTI, CC e CME, observados pelos instrumentos LSS e EET. Obteve também a diminuição de frequência de utilização dos domínios Confronto e Afastamento, segundo o inventário de Coping. Não obteve diferença estatisticamente significativa para a qualidade de vida (SF12v2). No teste de correlação, concluiu-se que os instrumentos LSS e EET conseguem obter resultados similares de níveis de estresse e quando há redução de estresse (LSS), há uma melhoria no domínio mental de Qualidade de Vida (SF12v2). Mais estudos se fazem necessários, com uma amostra mais significativa, para se possam confirmar os achados.

Acupuntura tem sido integrada no tratamento da discopatia intervertebral tóraco-lombar em cães com intuito de analgesia e reabilitação motora e sensorial. Faltam estudos clínicos controlados comparando acupuntura associada ao tratamento médico não cirúrgico. Foram avaliados 61 cães portadores de afecção degenerativa do disco intervertebral tóraco-lombar durante o período de março de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006. Destes 61 animais, 50 foram incluídos no estudo, 26 cães no grupo com acupuntura e 24 cães no grupo sem acupuntura. As avaliações da melhora do estado neurológico foram realizadas através de uma escala funcional numérica em 4 momentos: primeira avaliação, 7&ordm; dia de avaliação, 14&ordm; dia de avaliação e último retorno. Para análise estatística, nível de significância de 5%, utilizou-se o Teste de Mann Whitney para amostras independentes e o Teste de Friedman para amostras dependentes, seguido do Teste de Wilcoxon para comparações das amostras dentro do mesmo grupo. Os valores das medianas do escore total na 1&ordf; avaliação permitiu comparação entre graus de lesão (1 a 5) subdivididos em graus 1-2 (Md 21 e 20); graus 3-4 (Md 11 e 9) e grau 5 (Md 2). O tempo de retorno a locomoção de animais sem capacidade de locomoção e presença de dor profunda (graus 3-4) foi comparado entre os grupos com (n=10) e sem acupuntura (n=6) através do Teste T-Student, sendo os cães que receberam acupuntura anteciparam em 50% o retorno a locomoção (10,10&plusmn;6,49 dias) em comparação com cães que não receberam acupuntura (20,83&plusmn;11,99 dias) com diferença significativa (p&lt;0,034). Apresentaram médias superiores e com diferença significativa no escore total da escala funcional numérica na 7&ordf; e 14&ordf; avaliações (p&lt;0,039 e p&lt;0,020) em relação ao grupo que não recebeu acupuntura, representando um estado neurológico superior. A taxa de sucesso em cães com graus 3-4 no retorno a locomoção foi de 100% e 66%, respectivamente grupo com acupuntura e sem acupuntura, sendo a diferença significativa (p&lt;0,047). Os cães de graus 1-2 não apresentaram diferença significativa, sendo a taxa de sucesso em ambos os grupos de 100%. Os cães de grau 5 tiveram taxa de sucesso no retorno a locomoção de 50% e 12,5%, respectivamente grupo com acupuntura e sem acupuntura, não apresentando diferença significativa (p&gt;0,124). Conclui-se que acupuntura pode ser aplicada associada ao tratamento médico em cães com discopatia tóraco-lombar, antecipando o retorno à locomoção e a melhora na evolução neurológica em cães apresentando percepção à dor profunda intacta e sem capacidade de locomoção. / Acupuncture has been combined in the treatment of thoracolumbar disk disease in dogs with the purpose of analgesia, motor and sensorial rehabilitation. There is a lack of clinical controlled studies comparing acupuncture integrated with medical and non surgical treatment. 61 dogs with thoracolumbar disk disease were evaluated from March 2005 to February 2006. Among these 61 animals, 50 were included in the study: 26 dogs in the group with acupuncture and 24 dogs in the group without acupuncture. The evaluations of the neurological improvement were done through a numerical functional scale in 4 moments: first, seventh, fourteenth evaluations and the last visit. For the statistical analysis, significant level of 5%, Mann Whitney test for independent variables, Friedman test for dependent variables comparisons, followed by Wilcoxon test for dependent variables in the same group, were utilized. The median values of the total scores in the first visit permitted comparisons within lesion levels (1 to 5) divided in levels 1-2 (Md 21 and 20); levels 3-4 (Md 11 and 9) and level 5 (Md 2). The time of return of ambulation in dogs without ambulation and intact deep pain perception (levels 3-4) were compared with acupuncture group (n=10) and without acupuncture group (n=6) through Student T test, where dogs that received acupuncture anticipated in 50% the locomotion return (10,10&plusmn;6,49 days) in comparison of dogs that didn?t received acupuncture (20,83&plusmn;11,99days) with significant difference (p&lt;0,034). These dogs showed superior means and significant difference in the total score from the numerical functional scale in the seventh and fourteeth visits (p&lt;0,039 and p&lt;0,020) in relation to the group that didn?t received acupuncture, showing superior neurological state. The success rate of dogs with levels 3-4 in the return of ambulation were 100% and 66%, respectively acupuncture group and without acupuncture, with significant difference (p&lt;0,047). The dogs with levels 1-2 didn?t show difference, so that the success rate in both groups were 100%. The dogs with level 5 had success rate in the return of ambulation of 50% and 12,5%, respectively acupuncture group (n=6) and without acupuncture (n=8), but without significant difference (p&gt;0,124). It was concluded that acupuncture can be applied to the medical treatment in dogs with thoracolumbar disk disease, with anticipation of the return of ambulation and the improvement of neurological state in animals showing intact deep pain perception and without ambulation.

Helichrysum longifolium and H. pedunculatum belong to the Astereceae family and are used extensively in folkloric medicine in South Africa to manage stress-related ailments and as dressings for wounds normally encountered in circumcision rites, bruises, cuts and sores. The in vitro antibacterial time-kill studies, the synergistic potentials, the phytochemical screenings and antioxidant potentials as well as the isolation of the bioactive compounds from the extracts of these two plants were carried out in this study. The in vitro antibacterial activities and time kill regimes of crude extracts of H. pedunculatum was assessed. The extracts was active against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria tested at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for all the susceptible bacteria ranged between 0.1 – 35 mg/ml. The average log reduction in viable cell count in time kill assay ranged between 0.17 Log10 to 6.37 Log10 cfu/ml after 6 h of interaction, and between 0.14 Log10 and 6.99 Log10 cfu/ml after 12 h interaction in 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC of the extract. The effect of the aqueous extract was only bacteriostatic on both reference and environmental strains and the clinical isolates were outrightly resistant to aqueous extract. This is worrisome and this could be one reason why, there is an incidence of high death rate resulting from circumcision wounds infection even after treating such wounds with H. pedunculatum leaf. In vitro antibacterial time kill studies of extracts of H. longifolium was assessed. All test bacteria were susceptible to the methanol extract, while none was susceptible to the aqueous extract. Two of the test bacteria were susceptible to the ethyl acetate extract, while ten and seven were susceptible to the acetone and chloroform extracts respectively at the test concentration of 5 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged between 0.1 and 5.0 mg/ml, while minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranged between 1.0 and >5 mg/ml for all the extracts. Average log reductions in viable cell counts for all the extracts ranged between 0.1 Log10 and 7.5 Log10 cfu/ml after 12 h interaction at 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC. Most of the extracts were rapidly bactericidal at 2 × MIC achieving a complete elimination of most of the test organisms within 12 h exposure time. The effect of combinations of the crude extracts of H. pedunculatum leaves and eight antibiotics was investigated by means of checkerboard and time-kill methods. In the checkerboard method, synergies of between 45.83-56.81 percent were observed and this is independent of Gram reaction, with combinations in the aqueous extract yielding largely antagonistic interactions (18.75 percent). The time kill assay also detected synergy that is independent of Gram reaction with a ≥ 3Log10 potentiation of the bactericidal activity of the test antibiotics. We conclude that the crude leaf extracts of H. pedunculatum could be potential source of broad spectrum antibiotics resistance modulating compounds. The interactions between crude extracts of H. longifolium in combination with six first-line antibiotics using both the time-kill and the checkerboard methods were carried out. The time-kill method revealed the highest bactericidal activity exemplified by a 6.7 Log10 reduction in cell density against Salmonella sp. when the extract and Penicillin G are combined at ½ × MIC. Synergistic response constituted about 65 percent, while indifference and antagonism constituted about 28.33 percent and 6.67 percent in the time kill assay, respectively. The checkerboard method also revealed that the extracts improved bactericidal effects of the antibiotics. About 61.67 percent of all the interactions were synergistic, while indifference interactions constituted about 26.67 percent and antagonistic interactions was observed in approximately 11.66 percent. The in vitro antioxidant property and phytochemical constituents of the aqueous crude leaf extracts of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum was investigated. The scavenging activity on superoxide anions, DPPH, H2O2, NO and ABTS; and the reducing power were determined, as well as the flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and phenolic contents of the extracts. The extracts exhibited scavenging activity in all radicals tested due to the presence of relatively high total phenol and flavonoids contents in the extracts. Our findings suggest that H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum are endowed with antioxidant phytochemicals and could serve as a base for future drugs. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the leaves of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum yielded two known compounds. From the n-hexane fraction of H. longifolium a compound was isolated (Stigmasterol) and from the ethyl acetate fraction of H. pedunculatum another compound (β-sitosterol) was isolated. The compounds were isolated and identified using various techniques. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of these compounds have been reported in literatures. In general, the experiments and tests conducted in this study appear to have justified the folkloric medicinal uses of H. longifolium and H. pedunculatum for the treatment of stress related ailments and wound infections and make a substantial contribution to the knowledge base of the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of the microbial infections.

This thesis looks at the impact of migration and place on the traditional healing knowledge and practices of a Mexican immigrant mother from Guanajuato, Mexico: Sofia Perez. Through the use of oral history methodology and the application of the Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom (TEKW) model and the Social Ecological Model (SEM) to analyze the narratives, this study looks at the origin of Sofia's healing knowledge and practices and at how she has managed to keep these traditions alive despite migrating to the United States and living in a society that may not believe in the efficacy of these healing traditions. The application of the Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom (TEKW) model provided insight into the healing traditions of Sofia's home community and the ways in which these were learned, practiced, and preserved and proved useful in looking at how this was done by Sofia before and after migrating. Next, the Social Ecological Model (SEM) proved useful in looking at how place and its various social, cultural, and ecological aspects have influenced Sofia's use of traditional medicine since she migrated. Overall, Sofia's knowledge and practices have been impacted by migration and place; however, she continues to practice these traditions as best as she can.