The study investigated five factors which can affect the equating of scores from two tests onto a common score scale. The five factors studied were: (a) distribution type (i.e., normal versus uniform); (b) standard deviation of itemdifficulties (i.e., .68, .95, .99); (c) test length or number of test items (i.e., 50,100, 200); (d) number of common items (i.e., 10,20,30); and (e) sample size (i.e., 100, 300, 500). The significant two-way interaction effects were for common item length and test length, standard deviation of item difficulties and distribution type, and standard deviation of item difficulties and sample size.

This research explored the role of extra-therapeutic variables contributing to recovery from chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Within the context of dramatherapy treatment, those variables were identified as three crucial concepts: 'Client, Post Traumatic' (C.PT), ‘Imaginary Existence Zone’ (IEZ) and 'Time Adjusted Encounters' (TAE). Together they created the notion of a Curative Zone (CZ). Establishing and understanding the significance of these new concepts helped the researcher to explain the PTSD recuperation phenomenon. The research was conducted within the qualitative–naturalistic paradigm, and based on real-life dramatherapeutic occurrences. The choice of an inductive case study approach and design was possible due to the fact that a single individual was willing to participate in this research as an active partner by contributing her reflections on the therapy, four years after its termination. Iris, the client and the collaborating respondent was a childless woman aged 43, who suffered from chronic PTSD for three years following stillbirth of her baby daughter and the repetitive failure of fertility treatments. The findings reveal a direct linkage between: the neurological system and its activation, and the cardinal role of the C.PT during TAE, working through prolonged engagements in the IEZ facilitated by dramatherapy. These processes gradually integrated and synthesized to create the CZ, a development which explains this instance of recovery from chronic PTSD. The conclusions are: the chronic PTSD recovery was a holistic body-mind cure phenomenon. It resulted from the interaction between the extra-therapeutic variables, combined with the curative characteristics of the dramatherapeutic nonverbal imaginative language and activities, which compounded a new synergetic constellation. The research findings contribute to the theory and practice of dramatherapy as a discipline; additionally, the model developed by this research can be potentially applied as an appropriate treatment of PTSD. These conclusions challenge valid psychotherapy knowledge regarding effective therapeutic factors that contribute to successful outcomes. However, in this case they verified credible, dependable and transferable attributes features this naturalistic research. Therefore, they make a contribution to knowledge in the dramatherapy field.

AbstractAuthor: Sofie JakobssonCourse: Media and Communication Studies CUniversity: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityPeriod: Spring 2012Key words: Job ads, Professional Communicator, Public Relations Officer, Trait Theory, Five Factor Theory, Big Five, personal traits, work tasks.Title: The Independent Specialist. A study of requested personal types in Professional Communicators.Number of pages: 35Purpose/ Aim: The study aims to evaluate what kind of personality type that would make a good fit for a Professional Communicator. The study examines personal traits and work tasks that are presented in job ads for Professional Communicators in Sweden today. From this material the author wants to calculate what kind of personal type that characterize the profession with the help of the Big Five theory.Material/ Method: Quantitative research method based on job ads.Main results: The study shows that personal traits that employers look for in Professional Communicators today are mainly traits from the Conscientiousness group with characteristics such as independent, structured and planning. The second biggest personality group is Extraversion where personal traits like driving, outgoing and social were put. The results also indicate that the professional should enjoy working independently but also be able to cooperate with other people. A big part of the profession involves tasks which are of a producing nature which indicates that a talent or personality that fits for that kind of tasks is to prefer.

Abstract Title: Exploring the connection between personality traits and effective self-leadership: A quantitative study on how personality affects performance Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration Authors: Jonna Jonasson and Elisabeth Wallmon Supervisor: Svante Brunåker Date: 2023 - June Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore the connection between personality traits and effective self-leadership, and by extension to clarify this connection. Method: The study was based on a quantitative method of an online survey distributed to a targeted sample of Facebook users in global online Myers-Briggs Type Indicator forums. However, one open question of the survey was analyzed qualitatively through deductive thematic analysis. The questionnaire generated 980 answers which were analyzed through the statistical software program Minitab 21. A proportionally stratified sample of 100 respondents, based on the actual global distribution, was also analyzed. Results and conclusions: The findings of the empirical data show a statistically significant connection between the Big Five personality trait Conscientiousness and higher scores for the variables of “total for result” - a measurement of respondents’ ability to exercise self-leadership, and in extension self-efficacy. This connection is also confirmed by the findings of the qualitative analysis. The empirical data also indicate a connection between the Big Five personality trait Conscientiousness and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator’s Judging personality types. According to our definition of a desirable result Conscientious and Judging individuals display higher tendencies of self-efficacy in their perceived performance. Contribution of the thesis: The study provides an insight into possibilities of increasing self-awareness in individuals, thus improving their practiced self-leadership. By extension - the study contributes to improving the usage of personality tests by contemplating the additional aspect of the applicant’s personality traits that relate to self-leadership, in order to match the degree of autonomy in the work role with the applicant and provide a better understanding of the needs of the new employee. Suggestion for future research: Further research should reexamine the findings of this study in terms of actual results of accomplishing tasks in time, fulfilling commitments, and achieving set goals - thereby exploring the actual performance of the respondents. Keywords: “Self-Leadership”, “Self-Efficacy”, “Trait Theory”, “Big Five”, “MBTI”.

The general aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and team culture, establish whether this relationship changed over time and determine if there were significant differences between the research groups in their personalities and team cultures from a before to an after assessment. The study was conducted on a sample from the South African Police Services and assessments utilising the Basic Traits Inventory (BTI) and the Team Emotional and Social Intelligence survey (TESI) were analysed at the onset and completion of the participants' training. The results indicated a slight relationship between personality and team culture and significant differences were detected from the before to after phases of the study. The findings of the study contribute to an understanding of personality as amenable to a specific occupational setting and of team culture as a more stable variable, which is established early in the team‟s development. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The general aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and team culture, establish whether this relationship changed over time and determine if there were significant differences between the research groups in their personalities and team cultures from a before to an after assessment. The study was conducted on a sample from the South African Police Services and assessments utilising the Basic Traits Inventory (BTI) and the Team Emotional and Social Intelligence survey (TESI) were analysed at the onset and completion of the participants' training. The results indicated a slight relationship between personality and team culture and significant differences were detected from the before to after phases of the study. The findings of the study contribute to an understanding of personality as amenable to a specific occupational setting and of team culture as a more stable variable, which is established early in the team‟s development. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The principal is an important key to school success and student achievement (Anderson & Togneri, 2003; Met & Lorenz, 1997). Considering the role of principals of dual immersion schools, few studies have considered factors leading to their success (Nicholson, Harris-Johhn, & Schimmel, 2005; Simmons et al., 2007). With current advancements in skill mapping and meta-analyses, the understanding of skill and trait theory has improved, greatly enhancing the researcher's ability to effectively identify a leader's skills and traits (Derue, Nahrgang, Wellman, & Humphrey, 2011; Marzano, Waters, & McNulty, 2005; Scouller, 2011; Zaccaro, 2007). A clearer understanding of the skills and traits dual immersion principals need would help other dual immersion principals and the districts and states that train these principals (Waters, Marzano, & McNulty, 2003). Through a set of interviews and surveys, the researcher explored themes and patterns based on principals' opinions of the skills and traits they use. The researcher compared one-way dual immersion schools with two-way dual immersion schools in an effort to distinguish how principals' opinions vary between these two contrasting immersion paradigms. An analysis of principal responses from the surveys and interviews revealed that a number of traits and skills identified in previous research are also important for dual immersion principals. In addition, the research found a number of new skills and traits unique to the dual immersion context. This research also found that many skills and traits of dual immersion principals varied between the contexts of one-way and two-way. These findings indicate an important shift in our understanding of the role of principal and the ways that dual immersion principals are trained.

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The general aim of the research is to determine the relationship between personality traits as measured by the Customer Contact Styles Questionnaire (CCSQ 7.2) and work performance as measured by means of internal company data sources, of call centre agents. Recent literature indicates a significant relationship between personality traits and work performance. The emphasis in this research is on the factor analytical or trait approach of personality. The sample consisted of 300 call centre agents. The relationship between personality traits and work performance is discussed in terms of descriptive statistics, correlations and multiple regression analyses. The results indicate a relationship between the personality traits of analytical thinking, detail consciousness, conscientiousness, structuredness and work performance as measured by the level of financial incentives for call centre agents. This finding could be implemented in the selection and performance management of call centre agents. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / In teenstelling met die takseersentrumteorie het navorsing getoon dat takseersentrum trektellings nie oor verskillende situasies stabiel is nie. Hierdie bevindinge mag 'n aanduiding wees van 'n lae konstrukgeldigheid van takseersentrums. Navorsers het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat navorsingsresultate nie die aanname ondersteun dat takseersentrums dimensietellings genereer wat trekke weerspieel nie. Dit het navorsers laat bespiegel of take (d.w.s. oefeninge), eerder as trekke (d.w.s. dimensies) as 'n basis gebruik behoort te word om takseersentrumbeoordelings te maak. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of takseersentrum trektellings beter voorspellers van werksprestasie van bestuurders is as taaktellings. Die studie sluit 97 blanke middelvlakbestuurders van 'n Suid Afrikaanse diensorganisasie in. Geen verskille is tussen die voorspellingsgeldighede van trekgebaseerde en taakgebaseerde tellings verkry nie (r = 0,087 vir beide tellings). Oorsake vir die gebrek aan verskille tussen die voorspellingsgeldighede is bespreek. / In contrast to assessment centre theory, research has shown that assessment centre trait ratings are not stable across different situations. This may be an indication of the relatively low construct validity of assessment centres. Researchers concluded that research results did not support the assumption that assessment centres generate dimensional ratings that represent traits and speculated whether tasks (i.e. exercises) should be used as a basis for making assessment centre ratings, rather than traits (i.e. dimensions). The aim of the study was to determine whether assessment centre task ratings are better predictors of managerial job performance than trait ratings. The study included 97 white middle-level managers of a South African service organisation. No difference was obtained between the predictive validities of traits ratings and task ratings (r = 0,087 for both ratings). Causes for the lack of differences between the predictive validities were discussed. / M. A. (Industrial Psychology)