Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:32:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MERCEDES_MATTE_DA_SILVA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1592239 bytes, checksum: dfa1322547b36a648005808c0d545a79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MERCEDES_MATTE_DA_SILVA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1592239 bytes, checksum: dfa1322547b36a648005808c0d545a79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / This research?s objective is to present and analyze the narratives of Math professors in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which in its whole allow us to understand their thought and pedagogical practice. In their narratives, the professors organized and redid their personal and professional paths under the stimulus of their projects of identity and their relation with technologies. To have the understanding regarding the formation of a Math professor, the starting point was to clarify not only the way the first Math professors of Brazil got their academic formation in the moment they created the universities; but also, point out the origin of this model of professor in this subject. With time, modifications occur with the creation of technologies and its insertion in Math classes. Following a perspective of qualitative research, the methodological proposition ?Hist?ria Oral de Vida? (Oral History of Life), we used interviews with 12 Math professors who have experience teaching undergraduate courses in Math. The narratives allowed visibility in the Math academic field in the period of three generations of professors and the comprehension of technological advancement to learn, teach and think Math. / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar e analisar as narrativas de professores de Matem?tica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, que no conjunto permitiram compreender o seu pensamento e a sua pr?tica pedag?gica. Nas narrativas os professores organizaram e refizeram seus caminhos pessoais e profissionais sob o est?mulo de seus projetos de identidade e de suas rela??es com as tecnologias. Para se ter o entendimento a respeito da forma??o de um professor de Matem?tica, o ponto de partida foi esclarecer n?o somente a maneira como se formaram os primeiros professores de Matem?tica do Brasil no momento da cria??o das universidades, mas tamb?m apontar o surgimento do modelo de professor dessa disciplina. Com o avan?ar do tempo, modifica??es ocorrem com o aparecimento de tecnologias e sua inser??o nas aulas de Matem?tica. Seguindo uma perspectiva de pesquisa qualitativa, a proposta metodol?gica Hist?ria Oral de Vida, utilizamos a entrevista com 12 professores de Matem?tica, os quais t?m experi?ncia nos cursos de licenciatura de Matem?tica como formadores de professores. As narrativas proporcionaram a visibilidade do ensino de Matem?tica no per?odo percorrido por tr?s gera??es de professores e a compreens?o dos avan?os das tecnologias para aprender, ensinar e pensar a Matem?tica.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-01-24T23:22:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoRuiMarcos.pdf: 2596662 bytes, checksum: 63a7764bbf6dd0d1c2f091b034d2cb89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T23:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoRuiMarcos.pdf: 2596662 bytes, checksum: 63a7764bbf6dd0d1c2f091b034d2cb89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trajectory of Albertino Marques Barr?to in the city of Brumado, in southwestern Bahia. The time frame for this work begins in 1954 when Albertino and a group of ?brothers? founded the Spiritual Center Fellowship (CEF) and ends in 1974, when not only can we envision his role in the ?religious field,? but also as a politician during his participation in the founding of the Union of Rural Works of Brumado. This paper also endeavors to comprehend the defense of Albertino?s disputed political project in the different political spaces in which he acted over the course of this twenty-year period. This research alos uncovers that Albertino?s activity was always based on ideas of spiritualism, including his design for education, which had the basic principle of taking the man out of ?ignorance? to form a ?new man.? / Na disserta??o analisamos a trajet?ria de Albertino Marques Barr?to, na cidade de Brumado, no sudoeste baiano. O recorte temporal que abarca a pesquisa tem in?cio em 1954, quando Albertino e um grupo de ?confrades? fundaram o Centro Esp?rita Fraternidade (CEF) e se encerra no ano de 1974, quando podemos vislumbrar sua atua??o n?o somente no ?campo religioso? mas tamb?m pol?tico, como a participa??o na funda??o do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais de Brumado. Tratamos de compreender o projeto pol?tico defendido por esse personagem ao longo desses vinte anos, pretens?es disputadas nos diferentes espa?os que o esse sujeito atuou. Ao longo da pesquisa, verificamos que a atua??o de Albertino sempre foi pautada nas concep??es do Espiritismo, inclusive seu projeto para a Educa??o, que tinha como princ?pio b?sico tirar o homem da ?ignor?ncia? para formar um ?homem novo?.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Silvia Lima de Aquino.pdf: 2247706 bytes, checksum: 5cfe7cf962339a1676d1b1d93b1593eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This dissertation had as objective to examine the existing relation between the establishment of agrarian reform settlements and rural-urban-rural, urban-rural migrations, and the permanence of individuals on the countryside. It was selected a qualitative analysis, based on the settlers own point of view, about their migratory trajectories. Therefore, we firstly undertook a discussion which main themes were the pair urbanrural and migrations, and we assumed as conceptual-theoretic references the category identity, trajectory and habitus concepts, formulated by Pierre Bourdieu. The field work took place in Che Guevera and Ilha Grande settlements, both located in Campos dos Goytacazes, a city that belongs to the North region of Rio de Janeiro state. Depositions were collected utilizing semi-structured interview and participant observation, which permitted the reconstitution of their trajectories and, at the same time, evaluate perceptions, meanings and representation that evolves the described itineraries. Thus, we found that, according to the settlers, there is a close relation between the studied settlement conformation and migration to the countryside, starting in 1998. When they describe their trajectory, the settlers take work as a referential. In this way, conceptions of rural and urban were explicated and differences were established. The city is characterized as a space where time control and agitation prevails, while the countryside is described as a place of freedom, but relative, and tranquility, even though work is considered much more exhausting. This countryside conferred attribute is related, in certain a way, to the economic opportunity of supporting one s self with agricultural work, and, to the symbolic charge of being the proprietor of a piece of land. Therefore, even though there are theoretic branches claiming the end of the frontiers between city and countryside, to settlers, such frontiers are revealed, which shows the permanence of peculiar relations to each one of them, even when they are renewed. / Esta disserta??o teve por objetivo examinar a rela??o existente entre o estabelecimento de assentamentos de reforma agr?ria e as migra??es rural-urbano-rural, urbano-rural, bem como a perman?ncia de indiv?duos no campo. Para tanto, optou-se por uma an?lise qualitativa, fundamentada no ponto de vista dos pr?prios assentados a respeito de suas trajet?rias migrat?rias. Desta forma, empreendemos, inicialmente, uma discuss?o cujas tem?ticas principais foram o par rural-urbano e as migra??es e, assumimos como referenciais te?ricoconceituais a categoria identidade, bem como os conceitos de trajet?ria e habitus, formulados por Pierre Bourdieu. O trabalho de campo foi realizado nos Assentamentos Che Guevara e Ilha Grande, ambos situados em Campos dos Goytacazes, munic?pio pertencente ? regi?o Norte Fluminense. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e da observa??o participante, foram colhidos depoimentos dos assentados, o que permitiu a reconstitui??o de suas trajet?rias e, ao mesmo tempo, a avalia??o de percep??es, significados e representa??es que envolvem os itiner?rios descritos. Assim, constatamos que para os assentados existe uma estreita rela??o entre a conforma??o dos assentamentos estudados e a migra??o para o campo a partir de 1998. Ao descreverem suas trajet?rias, os assentados tomam o trabalho como um referencial. Deste modo, concep??es sobre o rural e o urbano s?o explicitadas e diferencia??es s?o estabelecidas. A cidade ? ent?o caracterizada como um espa?o em que prevalece o controle do tempo e a agita??o, ao passo que o campo ? adjetivado como um local de liberdade, ainda que relativa, e tranq?ilidade, apesar do trabalho ali ser considerado muito mais exaustivo. Este atributo conferido ao campo relaciona-se, em certa medida, com a oportunidade econ?mica de manter-se por meio do trabalho na agricultura e, com o peso simb?lico de ser propriet?rio de um peda?o de terra. Por isso, embora existam vertentes te?ricas que apregoam o fim das fronteiras entre campo e cidade, para os assentados, estas s?o manifestas, o que evidencia a perman?ncia de rela??es peculiares a cada um destes espa?os, ainda que sejam reatualizadas.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-18T17:02:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Andrea Sales Borges dos Reis.pdf: 2070072 bytes, checksum: 71eededb34fcf3443ac8c750bf7b979a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T17:02:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Andrea Sales Borges dos Reis.pdf: 2070072 bytes, checksum: 71eededb34fcf3443ac8c750bf7b979a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-23 / CAPES / During cutting time (1955-1964), stands out Teixeira of operation (1900-1971) facing the most relevant institutions for education in the country: The Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES- 1951 1964) and the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research (INEP - 1952-1964). Heavily influenced by the experimentalist educational philosophy of Dewey, took over the INEP, after the tragic death of air accident Murilo Braga, director of the agency, and has streamlined its functions under the national teaching, creating the Brazilian Center for Educational Research (CBPE) and the Magisterium Improvement Division (DAM). Professor Lucia Marques Pinheiro was responsible for organizing the courses offered to teachers, administrators, counselors and the education experts. The School Guatemala linked to INEP / CBPE / DAM, by a partnership between the city government of the Federal District (then Rio de Janeiro) with MEC began to represent as experimental body for the improvement of teaching. Courses were held in order to provide teachers access to new teaching methodologies, and to promote the teaching practice based on scientific studies in the social sciences. It was stimulating 'scientific spirit' within the teaching profession. In this sense, we ask: What is the legacy of this intellectual who served as Course Coordinator of INEP and as Director of DAM? How was given front role to courses whose aim was to spread the experimentalist pedagogical practice? The objective of this research is to investigate their history, their pedagogical conceptions and its management ahead of such significant institutions for teacher training in Brazil. The qualitative study methodology with the contributions of Cultural History and Political History chair this bibliographical research, documentary and history. It will try to study the printed books, journals, theses, dissertations and documentation files on the INEP, existing on the File Teixeira of the Center for Research and Contemporary History Documentation Brazil (CPDOC) / Get?lio Vargas Foundation (FGV ), the publications of INEP / Brazilian Center for Educational Research (CBPE), including the Journal of Pedagogical Studies and the Bulletin CBPE and remaining file CBPE, which is on the campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ ). Especially the personal files of Lucia Marques Pinheiro found on Brazilian Education Association (ABE), which we consulted and received permission to scan. Another primary source that has supported our chronological mapping of its operations, are 93 editions of the Official Gazette. Source one that brings important information from your ticket (1937) until his retirement (1987) in the public school system. / Durante o recorte de tempo (1955-1964), destaca-se a atua??o de An?sio Teixeira (1900- 1971) frente ?s Institui??es de maior relev?ncia para a educa??o no pa?s: A Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES- 1951 a 1964) e o Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP ? 1952 a 1964). Fortemente influenciado pela filosofia educacional experimentalista de Dewey, assumiu a dire??o do INEP, ap?s tr?gica morte de acidente a?reo de Murilo Braga, diretor do ?rg?o, e dinamizou suas fun??es no ?mbito do magist?rio nacional, criando o Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Educacionais (CBPE), e a Divis?o de Aperfei?oamento do Magist?rio (DAM). A professora L?cia Marques Pinheiro foi respons?vel pela organiza??o dos cursos oferecidos a professores, a administradores, a orientadores e a especialistas em educa??o. A Escola Guatemala vinculada ao INEP/CBPE/DAM, por uma parceria entre a prefeitura do Distrito Federal (? ?poca Rio de Janeiro) com o MEC passou a se constituir como ?rg?o de experimenta??o para o aperfei?oamento do magist?rio. Eram realizados cursos com o objetivo de proporcionar aos professores, acesso ?s novas metodologias de ensino, bem como favorecer a pr?tica docente pautada em estudos cient?ficos realizados no ?mbito das ci?ncias sociais. Tratava-se de estimular o 'esp?rito cient?fico' no ?mbito do magist?rio. Nesse sentido, questionamos: Qual o legado desta intelectual que atuou como Coordenadora de Cursos do INEP e como Diretora da DAM? De que forma se deu sua atua??o frente aos cursos cujo objetivo era disseminar a pr?tica pedag?gica experimentalista? O objetivo desta pesquisa ? investigar a sua trajet?ria, as suas concep??es pedag?gicas e a sua gest?o ? frente de t?o significativas institui??es para a forma??o de professores do Brasil. A metodologia de cunho qualitativo com os aportes da Hist?ria Cultural e da Hist?ria Pol?tica presidir? esta investiga??o de car?ter bibliogr?fico, documental e hist?rico. Tratar-se-? de estudar os impressos, livros, peri?dicos, teses, disserta??es e arquivos de documenta??o sobre o INEP, existentes no Arquivo An?sio Teixeira do Centro de Pesquisa e Documenta??o de Hist?ria Contempor?nea do Brasil (CPDOC)/Funda??o Get?lio Vargas (FGV), as publica??es do INEP/Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Educacionais (CBPE), inclu?das a Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedag?gicos e o Boletim do CBPE, bem como arquivo remanescente do CBPE, que se encontra no campus da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Especialmente, os arquivos pessoais de L?cia Marques Pinheiro que se encontram na Associa??o Brasileira de Educa??o (ABE), do qual consultamos e recebemos a autoriza??o para digitaliza??o. Outra fonte prim?ria que tem nos auxiliado no mapeamento cronol?gico de sua atua??o, s?o 93 edi??es do Di?rio Oficial da Uni?o. Fonte essa que traz informa??es importantes, desde o seu ingresso (1937) at? a sua aposentadoria (1987) no sistema p?blico de ensino.

Submitted by PPG Educa??o (educacao-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-27T13:40:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRELLE BARCOS NUNES.pdf: 2051250 bytes, checksum: ed83e926bc1cf920e1bfbc585da066c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-27T17:55:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRELLE BARCOS NUNES.pdf: 2051250 bytes, checksum: ed83e926bc1cf920e1bfbc585da066c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:36:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRELLE BARCOS NUNES.pdf: 2051250 bytes, checksum: ed83e926bc1cf920e1bfbc585da066c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This thesis presents results of an investigation whose main theme is the educational and professional trajectories of graduates of the Technical Course in Tourism Guide of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Campus Restinga, in the period of 2011-2015. This Institute composes the Centenary Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education that for ten years has undergone an expansion process. This restructuring has made it possible to expand the offer of courses at different levels, from high school to postgraduate, democratizing the access for citizens of different socioeconomic situations, serving all the federal states of the country. In this institutional context, the Technical Course in Guide of Tourism forms professionals able to lead people in sightseeing tours in the Regional, National and South America scopes, according to the curriculum. Historically offered in the private educational network, with the expansion of the Federal Network, the formation of Tourism Guides became accessible to citizens who until then were at the margin of opportunities in this area of education. This Course synthesizes this history, because the community of the Restinga neighborhood, where the IFRS is located, carries the marks of social exclusion of a periphery in the midst of a metropolis. Thus, leisure practices and tourist experiences of many graduates of this Course were only possible through the Technical Course in Tourism Guide. In this way, this course has different meanings in the educational and professional trajectory of these graduates. The study was based on the Field Theory of Pierre Bourdieu, especially from the deepening of central concepts of this theory, such as field, trajectory, cultural capital, strategy and habitus. Methodologically classified as quantitative and qualitative research, this work sought to identify the effects of the passage through said course and the presence of an educational institution focused on technical and technological training in the daily life of a periphery. Data were collected from the analysis of institutional documents and an interview with the server responsible for the implantation of the Campus Restinga, a questionnaire answered by 34 graduates of the Course in the respective period and from narrative interviews with ten of these subjects. The study made possible an analysis of the educational and professional trajectories of graduates in order to visualize the transformations that occurred in these trajectories, from the passage through the technical training in question, considering the context of the changes in the political scope of the offer of Professional Education in the Country. The results show upward trajectories in relation to the intergenerational schooling of the family groups, as well as amplification of the modes of acquisition of incorporated cultural capital. In this sense, expressions of enthusiasm and confidence about the path taken, the investments in the career, and the plans for the future, reveal that the Federal Institute Campus Restinga was an important ally for these changes in the trajectories of the graduates. At the same time, it signaled and invited to the confrontation, but also offered the support necessary for the graduates to succeed in the face of the old and entrenched educational and labor difficulties imposed by an unequal and exclusive system. Thus, this alliance translates the relevance of the democratizing public policies of access to educational rights, at all levels and in different social spaces. / Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma investiga??o cujo tema principal ? as trajet?rias educacionais e profissionais de egressos do Curso T?cnico em Guia de Turismo do Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Campus Restinga, no per?odo compreendido entre 2011 e 2015. Este Instituto comp?e a centen?ria Rede Federal de Educa??o Profissional, Cient?fica e Tecnol?gica que h? dez anos passa por um processo de expans?o. Essa reestrutura??o tem viabilizado a amplia??o da oferta de cursos em diferentes n?veis, desde o Ensino M?dio at? a P?s-Gradua??o, democratizando o acesso para cidad?os de diferentes situa??es socioecon?micas, atendendo todos os estados federativos do Pa?s. Nesse contexto institucional, o Curso T?cnico em Guia de Turismo forma profissionais aptos a conduzir pessoas em passeios tur?sticos nos ?mbitos Regional, Nacional e Am?rica do Sul, de acordo com o curr?culo. Historicamente ofertada na rede privada de ensino, com a expans?o da Rede Federal, a forma??o de Guias de Turismo tornou-se acess?vel a cidad?os que at? ent?o estavam ? margem das oportunidades nessa ?rea da Educa??o. O referido Curso sintetiza esse hist?rico, pois a comunidade do bairro Restinga, onde est? localizado o IFRS, carrega as marcas da exclus?o social de uma periferia em meio a uma metr?pole. Assim, pr?ticas de lazer e viv?ncias tur?sticas de muitos egressos somente foram poss?veis por meio da realiza??o do Curso T?cnico em Guia de Turismo. Desse modo, esta forma??o tem significados diversos na trajet?ria educacional e profissional desses egressos. O estudo foi pautado na Teoria dos Campos de Pierre Bourdieu, em especial a partir do aprofundamento de conceitos centrais dessa teoria, como campo, trajet?ria, capital cultural, estrat?gia e habitus. Metodologicamente classificado como pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, este trabalho buscou identificar os efeitos da passagem pelo referido Curso e a presen?a de uma institui??o educacional com foco na forma??o t?cnica e tecnol?gica no cotidiano de uma periferia. Foram coletados dados a partir da an?lise de documentos institucionais e de uma entrevista ao servidor respons?vel pela implanta??o do Campus Restinga, de um question?rio respondido por 34 egressos do Curso no per?odo delimitado e de entrevistas narrativas com dez desses sujeitos. O estudo possibilitou uma an?lise das trajet?rias educativas e profissionais de egressos de modo a visibilizar transforma??es ocorridas nessas trajet?rias a partir da passagem pela forma??o t?cnica em tela, considerando o contexto das mudan?as no ?mbito pol?tico da oferta da Educa??o Profissional no Pa?s. Os resultados demonstram trajet?rias ascendentes em rela??o ? escolaridade intergeracional dos grupos familiares, assim como amplia??o dos modos de aquisi??o de capital cultural incorporado. Nesse sentido, manifesta??es de entusiasmo e confian?a em rela??o ao caminho percorrido e os investimentos na carreira, os planos para o futuro, revelam que o Instituto Federal Campus Restinga foi um aliado importante para essas transforma??es nas trajet?rias dos egressos. Ele, ao mesmo tempo, sinalizou e convidou ao enfrentamento, como tamb?m, ofereceu o apoio necess?rio para que os egressos lograssem ?xito frente ?s velhas e arraigadas dificuldades educativas e laborais impostas por um sistema desigual e excludente. Assim, essa alian?a traduz a relev?ncia das pol?ticas p?blicas democratizadoras do acesso aos direitos educacionais, em todos os n?veis e em diferentes espa?os sociais.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-23T18:57:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Dayana Campos de Lelis.pdf: 3012156 bytes, checksum: ed90fa757d1ef8d909a347904830a09a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T18:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Dayana Campos de Lelis.pdf: 3012156 bytes, checksum: ed90fa757d1ef8d909a347904830a09a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-05 / FAPERJ / This text aims to analyze the representations and trajectories of a popular condominium located in the Baixada Fluminense, produced by the Minha Casa, MinhaVida Program. Being the Baixada scenario and locus of several state interventions, a popular condominium of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program was taken as a starting point for the present study. This text had a bibliographical review about the representations, the location of Baixada and appointments about condominium, as well as a review on Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program. In addition, this research presents a qualitative methodology, in order to analyze and understand the trajectories of the residents involved in this housing policy. It was sought, therefore, to reach individuals in an attempt not only to see and describe their trajectories and agencies, but to understand them from their stories, condominium life and the perceptions they had about the condominium in this housing policy. It was possible to be verified by the precariousness found, the confrontation in which Says each institution, the difficulty of the residents in knowing who to turn to and the illegalities in the condominium, that such absences indicate how housing and government is produced for the poor through popular housing, and how the state legitimizes the illegalities within the condominium. / Este texto tem por objetivo analisar as representa??es e trajet?rias de um condom?nio popular localizado na Baixada Fluminense, produzido pelo Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida. Sendo a Baixada cen?rio e l?cus de diversas interven??es estatais, tomou-se como ponto de partida um condom?nio popular do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida, para o presente estudo. Este texto contou com uma revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre as representa??es, da Baixada e de nomea??es sobre condom?nio, bem como uma revis?o sobre o Minha Casa, Minha Vida. Al?m disso, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia qualitativa, a fim de analisar e compreender as trajet?rias dos moradores envolvidos nessa pol?tica habitacional. Buscou-se, portanto, alcan?ar os indiv?duos na tentativa de n?o somente ver e descrever suas trajet?rias e ag?ncias, mas de compreend?-las a partir de suas hist?rias, da vida condominial e das percep??es que estes tinham sobre o condom?nio nesta pol?tica de habita??o. P?de-se constatar mediante as precariedades encontradas, o confronto no que diz cada institui??o, a dificuldade dos moradores em saber a quem recorrer e os ilegalismos no condom?nio, que tais aus?ncias apontam como se produz moradia e governo para os pobres via habita??o popular, e como o Estado legitima os ilegalismos dentro do condom?nio.

Un modèle géologique tridimensionnel des Pyrénées et de leurs bassins d'avant-pays est construit avec le logiciel GeoModeller. Ce modèle tient compte de toutes les informations géologiques et géophysiques disponibles et couvre l'ensemble des Pyrénées, de l'Océan Atlantique à la Mer Méditerranée, et de la Chaîne Ibérique au Massif Central, jusqu'à 70 km de profondeur. Il est capable d'expliquer les principales caractéristiques des anomalies de Bouguer et des temps de trajet sismiques. Des inversions 3D sont réalisées pour affiner ce modèle. La modélisation et l'inversion géologiques et géophysiques révèlent des différences dans la structure crustal entre les Pyrénées occidentales et centrales et les Pyrénées orientales. Elles montrent en outre la présence de manteau exhumé et enfermé dans la croûte sous le Massif du Labourd et à Saint-Gaudens ainsi que la nécessité d'une anomalie de faible densité dans les Pyrénées orientales. / A three-dimensional geological model of the Pyrenees and their foreland basins is constructed with the GeoModeller software. This model accounts for all the geological and geophysical information available and covers the whole Pyrenees, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, and from the Iberian Range to the Massif Central, down to 70 km depth. It is able to explain main features of Bouguer gravity anomalies and of seismic travel times. 3D inversion is performed to refine this model. Joint geological and geophysical modeling and inversion reveal differences in the crustal structure between the western and central Pyrenees and the eastern Pyrenees. They show furthermore the presence of exhumed mantle material enclosed in the crust beneath the Labourd Massif and Saint-Gaudens, as well as the necessity of a low density anomalie in the eastern Pyrenees.

Le choix résidentiel s’articule autour d’un certain nombre de contraintes : qu’elles soient internes au ménage ou résultant de la distorsion du marché, ces contraintes modifient fondamentalement l’ensemble de choix des ménages. La première partie de la thèse porte les contraintes que le ménage subit et qui repose sur une de ses caractéristiques. La littérature a étudié en détail la question de la discrimination à l’accès au logement en mettant en évidence un accès limité et tacite aux ménages immigrés, mais aucune étude ne s’est penché sur la mise en évidence d’une potentielle discrimination résidentielle par les prix. Dans cet article, nous étudions les écarts de loyers effectifs entre les français et les immigrés, à l’aide de la décomposition proposée par Oaxaca & Blinder (1973). Nous cherchons à expliquer ces différentiels de loyers en une part imputable à des différences de choix individuels et en une part relevant d'une discrimination sur le marché du logement sur des données de l’enquête logement de 1996. Bien qu’aucune discrimination par les prix ne soit mise clairement en évidence, certains caractéristiques du logement semblent, toutefois, plus onéreuses pour les immigrés. La seconde partie de cette thèse porte sur sur les contraintes internes au ménage. Le travail de cette première partie s’inscrit dans la continuité des travaux effectués sur l’économie de la famille et celle de la prise de décision concernant leur mobilité. La première contrainte que nous présentons est celle de logements qu’occupent les agents avant de se mettre en ménage. La littérature a étudié en profondeur les choix de mobilité résidentielle des couples à travers la plupart des étapes du cycle de vie, sans se pencher sur celui de la mise en ménage. Cela permettrait pourtant de prendre en compte la pluralité des décideurs au sein du ménage. Ce chapitre présente un modèle collectif de mise en ménage, mesurant la probabilité qu’un couple occupe, ensemble, le logement que l’homme occupe seul, celui que la femme occupe seule, par rapport au fait de les refuser tous deux, basé sur un modèle d’estimation logit multinomal. Nous travaillons sur des données de l’enquête nationale logement de 2002 qui nous permet de retracer l’ensemble des parcours de mobilité des deux agents. Nous nous choix du premier logement du couple au sens de son occupation initiale. L’élaboration du modèle théorique, basé sur un modèle de type collectif, où les agents opèrent une négociation, inclue la situation où les deux agents peuvent ne pas être amenés à quitter leur logement dans les points de menace du couple. Nous proposons un enrichissement du modèle où nous faisons valoir le fait que la décision du logement commun peut impliquer une inefficacité dans les décisions futures du couple. Bien que le logement de l’homme semble un choix avéré, l’inégalité salariale entre les hommes et les femmes, ainsi que la différence d’âge au sein du couple semblent influencer significativement le choix des couples. Ensuite, le choix d’un logement, pour un couple, doit prendre en compte les temps de trajet domicile-travail quotidiens. Les agents, ayant un emploi localisé, choisissent un logement qui répond à leurs besoins dans une région dont l’occupation de l’espace est fortement hétérogène et dont l’offre de logement n’est pas distribuée de façon uniforme. L’idée de l’article est de mesurer l’impact des caractéristiques individuelles des agents sur la décision jointe des temps de trajet du ménage, ainsi que la façon dont les agents se répartissent ces déplacements. Les données sur lesquelles nous travaillons sont celles du recensement de la population de 1999, enrichies de données communales et des temps de trajet des agents. Nous mettons en évidence une distinction des comportements hommes/femmes basée sur l’attraction aux pôles d’emplois et à la stabilité de l’emploi. / The residential choice depends to a certain number of constraints: whether internal to the household or resulting from market distortion, these constraints change considerably the choices set of the households. The first part of the thesis is about the internal constraints to the household. The resulting work is a continuation of the work realized on the family economy and that of decision-making depending on their mobility. The first constraint presented is about the discrimination on the prices in the housing market. The literature has studied in detail the question of the discrimination in access to the housing highlighting a restricted and tacit access to the immigrant households, but no study has ever considered the highlighting of a potential residential discrimination by prices. In this article, we study the effective rent differences between French natives and immigrants, using the decomposition proposed by Oaxaca & Blinder (1973). We search to explain theses rent differentials by a part attributable to individual choices differences and another due to a discrimination on the housing market based on the data of the 1996 housing survey. Although no discrimination by price has clearly been shown, however some housing characteristics seem more expensive for immigrants. The second part of the thesis presents two constraints intra-households. The first of that is housing occupied by agents before they merge in order to create a household. The literature has deeply studied the residential mobility choices of couples through most of the stages of the life cycle, without including that of the household formation. However, this would allow taking into account the plurality of decision makers inside the household. This chapter offer a collective model of the household formation, measuring the probability that a couple, together, occupies the dwelling occupied by the man single, the one occupied by the woman single, compared to the fact of refuse them both, based on the estimations of a multinomial logit model. We work on the data housing national survey of 2002 which allow us to trace the totality the mobility paths of two agents. We studie the choice of the first household housing in the sense of its initial occupation. The elaboration of the theoretical model, based on a collective type model, where agents realized a negotiation, including the situation where the two may not have to leave the respective homes, in the couple threat points. We propose an enhanced version of the model where we argue that the decision of the collective housing can implied an inefficiency in the futures couple decisions. Although the man housing seems to be a proven choice, wage inequality between men and women, as well as the age difference within the couple tend to significantly influence the couples choice. Then, the housing choice, for a couple, has to take into account the daily travel time between home and workplace. The agents, having a localized job, choose a housing which meets their needs in a region where space occupation is strongly heterogeneous and housing supply is not uniformly distributed. The idea of this article is to measure the impact of agents individual characteristics on the attached decision of the household travel times, as well as how the agents allocated theses movements. The data are these of the French 1999 census of the population, enhanced with communal data and agents travel times. We show that a distinction can be realized between men and women on the attraction to the employment poles and the job stability.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser le comportement du béton à des niveaux de confinement axiale de l'ordre du GigaPascal. Il s'inscrit dans un cadre plus général de maîtrise du comportement du béton sous impact. Le béton étudié est un béton dont les propriétés sont proches de celles des bétons courants. Une presse triaxiale est utilisée pour caractériser le comportement triaxial du béton selon différents trajets de chargement. Ces essais montrent le caractère irréversible de la compaction des bétons et l'influence du chemin de sollicitation sur celle-ci. Les essais uniaxiaux confinés et proportionnels montrent l'existence d'états limites en contraintes et en déformations. La comparaison des seuils de déformation montre que la surface seuil ainsi définie est indépendante du chemin de sollicitation. La comparaison des résultats des premiers essais en extension indique une absence d'influence de l'angle de Lode pour les niveaux de contrainte atteints durant les essais. L'étude des faciès de rupture après essais montre une évolution de l'inclinaison des plans de rupture avec le confinement. La fissuration s'oriente perpendiculairement à la direction principale maximale de charge lorsque les niveaux de confinement augmentent. L'étude numérique réalisée permet d'évaluer la capacité du modèle PRM-couplé à reproduire les essais triaxiaux expérimentaux. Ce modèle reproduit bien la compaction isotrope du matériau ainsi que la surface seuil définie par les états limite. Son défaut majeur est de ne pas prendre en compte l'influence des contraintes déviatoires sur le comportement en compaction du béton.

Dans l’optique de limiter l’impact environnemental négatif de l’utilisation immodérée du pétrole, le développement de nouveaux moyens de transport plus écoénergétiques est favorisé. Bien qu’elle offr actuellement une autonomie considérablement plus limitée que celle du véhicule à gazoline, la technologie du véhicule électrique est la plus prisée. Liée à la faible autonomie des véhicules électriques, l’angoisse de la panne, un sentiment éprouvé chez les utilisateurs de ce type de véhicules qui a été identifié lors des années 1990, représente actuellement une barrière socio-technologique importante au développement de la technologie du véhicule électrique. Afin de limiter les risques de panne d'énergie et dans le but de renforcer la confiance du conducteur face à cette nouvelle technologie de véhicule, une méthode précise de prédiction de la distance résiduelle est proposée. Cette méthode originale utilise un algorithme de prédiction du trajet basé sur l'identification des virages à gauche et à droite. Sachant que le type de trajet parcouru influence de façon importante la distance résiduelle, cette stratégie de prédiction offr une amélioration de la précision face aux autres couramment utilisées. La pertinence de cette nouvelle méthode de prédiction sera démontrée à la fois en situation de simulation et d’expérimentation.