Submitted by PPG Ci?ncias Sociais (csociais-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-08T14:02:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison_Ribeiro_Centeno_Dis.pdf: 1666560 bytes, checksum: f12e346bb75768cf66ae072aca247600 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-15T17:53:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison_Ribeiro_Centeno_Dis.pdf: 1666560 bytes, checksum: f12e346bb75768cf66ae072aca247600 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T17:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison_Ribeiro_Centeno_Dis.pdf: 1666560 bytes, checksum: f12e346bb75768cf66ae072aca247600 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Studying the social background, the political careers and political pathways of Federal Senators from Brazil who were chosen as party leaders and supra-party blocs' leaders between 1999 and 2006, this examination points out that during the 51st and 52nd Congresses the group of leaders concentrated and exacerbated the main qualities of the Senate's components. Using a theoretical framework that values institutional political experience and social capital as sources of maintenance of the political elite that composes the political institutions, studies focused on Brazil's bicameral Congress were synthesized in data and conclusions that corroborated for the understanding of the Brazilian political institutions dominated by a cohesive elite, with low circularity and high socioeconomic resources that projects them to the highest positions on Legislative. Questioning the possible dissonance between parties leaders and parties members in the Federal Senate, there was a 'leader profile' that overcame the intrinsic differences of parties on the political spectrum, where Senators that have graduated in engineering overcame the numerical dominance of law graduates in Brazil's Federal Senate, which as one half of the country's Congress is marked by long-serving career politicians, with parties leaders being even more experienced Senators, mainly with political careers built by Legislative mandates. / Atrav?s de um estudo acerca do social background, das carreiras e trajet?rias pol?ticas de Senadores que foram al?ados aos postos de l?deres de partidos e blocos suprapartid?rios do Senado Federal entre 1999 e 2006, este trabalho evidencia que, no que tange ?s 51? e 52? Legislaturas, o col?gio de l?deres concentrou e exacerbou as principais caracter?sticas dos componentes da Casa. Valendo-se de um arcabou?o te?rico que valoriza a experi?ncia pol?tica e o capital social como fontes de manuten??o da elite que comp?e os meios institucionais, retomou-se estudos de caso focados no Congresso Nacional, sintetizados em dados e afirma??es que corroboraram para a compreens?o da pol?tica institucional brasileira dominada por uma elite coesa, de baixa circularidade e de elevados recursos socioecon?micos que os projetam para os cargos mais elevados do Legislativo. Tendo questionado a poss?vel disson?ncia entre os Senadores l?deres e liderados, encontrou-se um perfil de l?der que supera as diferen?as intr?nsecas das legendas na escala ideol?gica, onde os Senadores engenheiros se sobrepuseram a domin?ncia dos bachar?is em Direito na Casa da Federa??o, que como institui??o legislativa marcada pelos pol?ticos de carreiras longevas, tinha no col?gio de l?deres, Senadores ainda mais experientes, principalmente com carreiras pol?ticas constru?das por mandatos no Legislativo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lajara Janaina Lopes Correa.pdf: 1662892 bytes, checksum: 6e859d11b2b2a70f52a1b0fe1cc25351 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / This research aims to analyze the trajectories of former students of pre-university course Herbert de Souza, located in Campinas (SP), who enrolled in universities, to identify: (i) points in the trajectories that contributed to longevity school these young people, (ii) how they interpret and evaluate their educational experiences and school and (iii) possible contributions that the institution may have provided for their students to critically interpret the Brazilian school system and become activists in their fight against inequality. Regarding methodology, we conducted desk research on the local community college and semi-structured interviews with seven former students of Herbert de Souza. Because it is a qualitative research, respondents were not chosen according to statistical criteria, but intentional. The search for the respondents, or employees, occurred in part through the test network, whereby the interviewees themselves suggest others to be interviewed, creating a community of arguments. The qualitative analysis of empirical data allow to indicate how results: (i) the almost total absence of incentive for high school teachers for employees to attend craved Higher Education, (ii) in return had influence within and outside the household for the continuation of studies, primarily by attitudes of the families of employees who, though little educated, they pointed to the value of school, (iii) the trajectory of its employees as an arena of struggle in that conflict were not considered good students, not like the school, have low cultural capital and at the same time, have adequate provisions for the sacrifices of schooling, (iv) the entry of these subjects at university does not put an end to these struggles, because the route to higher education remains marked by challenges inescapable and obstacles in the encounter between institutions and teachers trained to work with students from more affluent social classes and our collaborators, in popular classes, (v) evidence that the actions of militant former students to have as a result of inflow and relations established in the preparatory course, (vi) evidence that these actions do not materialize militants in university spaces and (vi) the challenges in setting up a preparatory course intended for the young working class and its double goal: preparing for the examination of vestibular and training critical, despite the efforts of institutions to foster critical interpretations of the Brazilian educational system and the entrance exam, which is difficult to infer the effective implementation of this process in a broader sense. Thus, we conclude that the educational experiences at prep school show a contradiction between the preparation for the exam and training in relation to this critical examination and the Brazilian educational system in general. We expect this work to contribute to a deeper understanding of education through the lives of former students of Project Herbert de Souza, in view of the role of political-educational teaching spaces, which are defined as social movements for democratization of education higher. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as trajet?rias de ex-alunos do curso pr?vestibular Herbert de Souza, situado na cidade de Campinas, (SP), que ingressaram em universidades, buscando identificar: (i) pontos nestas trajet?rias que contribu?ram para a longevidade escolar destes jovens; (ii) como interpretam e avaliam suas experi?ncias educacionais e escolares e (iii) poss?veis contribui??es que a institui??o possa ter fornecido para seus estudantes interpretarem de forma cr?tica o sistema escolar brasileiro e se tornarem militantes na luta contra as suas desigualdades. Quanto ? metodologia, realizamos pesquisa documental sobre o cursinho e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 7 ex-alunos do Herbert de Souza. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa qualitativa, os entrevistados n?o foram escolhidos segundo crit?rios estat?sticos, mas de forma intencional. A busca pelos entrevistados, ou colaboradores, ocorreu, em parte, atrav?s do crit?rio de rede, pelo qual os pr?prios depoentes indicam outros para serem entrevistados, criando uma comunidade de argumentos. As an?lises qualitativas do material emp?rico permitem indicar como resultados: (i) a quase total aus?ncia de incentivo dos professores de Ensino M?dio para que os colaboradores almejassem cursar o Ensino Superior; (ii) em contrapartida, houve influ?ncia dentro e fora do grupo familiar para o prosseguimento dos estudos, sobretudo por atitudes das fam?lias dos colaboradores que, embora pouco escolarizadas, destacaram para eles o valor da escola; (iii) a trajet?ria dos colaboradores como uma arena de lutas em que entra em contradi??o terem sido considerados maus alunos, n?o gostarem da escola, terem baixo capital cultural e, ao mesmo tempo, terem disposi??es adequadas para os sacrif?cios da escolariza??o; (iv) o ingresso desses sujeitos na universidade n?o p?em fim a estas lutas, j? que o percurso no Ensino Superior permanece marcado por desafios e obst?culos inescap?veis no encontro entre institui??es e professores preparados para trabalhar com alunos de classes sociais mais abastadas e os nossos colaboradores, pertencentes ?s classes populares; (v) evid?ncias de que as atua??es militantes dos ex-alunos se deram em decorr?ncia do ingresso e das rela??es estabelecidas no cursinho; (vi) ind?cios de que estas atua??es militantes n?o se concretizam nos espa?os universit?rios e (vii) os desafios na constitui??o de um cursinho voltado para jovens de classes populares e seu duplo objetivo: o preparo para o exame de vestibular e a forma??o critica; apesar dos esfor?os da institui??o para fomentar interpreta??es cr?ticas do sistema educacional brasileiro e do vestibular, ? dif?cil inferir qual a efetiva concretiza??o deste processo, de um modo mais amplo. Sendo assim, conclu?mos que as experi?ncias educacionais no cursinho mostram uma contradi??o entre a prepara??o para o vestibular e a forma??o cr?tica em rela??o a este exame e ao sistema educacional brasileiro, de uma forma geral. Esperamos com este trabalho contribuir para um aprofundamento do conhecimento da Educa??o a partir da trajet?ria de ex-alunos do Projeto Herbert de Souza, tendo em vista o papel pol?tico-pedag?gico destes espa?os de ensino, que se definem como movimentos sociais para a democratiza??o da educa??o superior.

Cette thèse, effectuée en partenariat entre la société Survey Copter, le laboratoire Hubert Curien et la Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA), répond à des besoins tant militaires que civils dans le cadre de l’utilisation de drones à basse altitude. Dans un premier temps nous avons focalisé nos recherches sur la détection d’objets mobiles pour les mini-drones de surveillance destinés aux applications militaires, tels que ceux opérés par Survey Copter. Nous présentons d’abord la méthode que nous avons développé qui consiste en une comparaison entre un flot optique et le flot estimé, l’objectif étant de détecter les objets ayant un mouvement différent de celui correspondant à la scène dans sa globalité, et de maximiser la robustesse de cette détection vis-à-vis des problèmes induits par la parallaxe. Puis, nous décrivons le projet général dans lequel s’inscrit cette détection, en détaillant les choix technologiques et compromis qui ont été effectués, l’objectif étant de développer une carte électronique qui puisse être embarquée sur un drone et permettant d’apporter des fonctionnalités d’assistance aux opérateurs. Une seconde partie, réalisée en collaboration avec le Dr. Mubarak Shah, directeur du laboratoire CRCV en Floride, vise à apporter une solution au problème de sécurité qu’engendre le nombre grandissant de micro-drones de loisir évoluant dans l’espace aérien civil. La solution que nous proposons comporte deux étapes, premièrement elle utilise les informations cadastrales pour pré-calculer avant le décollage un plan de vol qui permet d’éviter les zones dangereuses comme les routes. La seconde étape intervient pendant le vol et permet d’adapter localement le plan de vol de façon à éviter le survol des objets mobiles tels que les voitures et piétons. Les résultats encourageants que nous avons obtenus grâce à notre méthode de détection d’objets mobiles ont conduit à une publication dans la conférence ISPA 2015, et notre contribution pour l’utilisation sécurisée de drones dans l’espace aérien civil va faire l’objet d’une soumission à la conférence ICRA 2017 / This thesis, in partnership between Survey Copter (a French company), theHubert Curien laboratory, and the DGA (a compnent of the FrenchMinistry of Defense), aims at providing solutions for low-altitude UAVs for both military and civil applications. We first focus on moving objects detection for military surveillance using mini-UAVs, such as Survey Copter’s products. Our method consists in comparing a dense optical flow with an estimated flow in order to isolate objects that are independently moving compared to the global scene. This method was developed to be robust to parallax which is an inherent problem of such platforms, parallax. In this thesis we also detail an on-going project that consists in the development of an embedded processing board able to provide all necessary functionalities to assist UAV operators in their mission. Given the recent popularity of consumer drones, we worked, with Dr. Mubarak Shah, Director of the CRCV laboratory in Florida, towards providing a solution to the security threat those vehicles represent for public safety. Our method consists in two steps. The first one is performed prior to takeoff by computing the safest path for the mission in order to avoid dangerous areas such as roads. The second is based on an in-flight adaptation process of the initial flight plan to avoid flying above some particular objects such as cars or pedestrians. The promising results obtained thaks to our moving objects detection method have led to a publication in ISPA 2015, and our contribution towards safe navigation of UAVs will be submitted in September to ICRA 2017

Lorsqu’ils explorent leur environnement, les humains comme les autres animaux ont la capacité d’utiliser de nombreuses sources d’information afin d’estimer la distance qu’ils parcourent. Le flux optique est un indice important dans la perception de la distance parcourue. De plus, il a été montré que l’ajout d’un point de vue oscillant à une simulation visuelle de mouvement propre vers l’avant modulait cette perception. A travers ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à tester si la perception de la distance parcourue était également affectée par un point de vue oscillant, mimant de manière plus ou moins fidèle les mouvements de la tête lors de la marche. Dans six premières expériences, il était demandé aux participants stationnaires, confrontés à un flux optique simulant leur propre mouvement vers l’avant, d’indiquer quand ils pensaient avoir atteint la position d’une cible distante initialement perçue. Une expérience subséquentes s'est intéressée à déterminer si l’absence de ces oscillations jouait un rôle important dans l’estimation de la distance parcourue lorsqu’ils marchaient sur un tapis roulant. Enfin, dans une dernière expérience nous avons développé une mesure dynamique de la distance parcourue à travers l’utilisation d’une tâche demandant aux participants de pointer continuellement la position d’une cible distante initialement perçue. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats montrent qu’un point de vue oscillant joue un rôle important dans la perception visuelle du mouvement propre et que de nombreux paramètres semblent être impliqués dans ce processus, incluant les informations visuelles et proprioceptives mais également l’aspect écologique de la marche naturelle. / When exploring their environment, humans and other animals have the ability to use many sources of information to estimate the distance they travel. Several studies have shown that optic flow is a significant cue to perceive distance travelled. Furthermore, it was found that adding various viewpoint oscillations to a purely translational optic flow, simulating forward self-motion, modulated this perception. In a series of experiments, we tested whether the perception of distance travelled was also affected by viewpoint oscillation, similar to head motion during natural walking. A first series of experiments, participants were exposed to an immersive optic flow simulating forward self-motion and they were asked to indicate when they thought they had reached the remembered position of a previously seen target. Two further experiments aimed to test whether the idiosyncrasy of viewpoint oscillations affects the perception of distance travelled in stationary observers and whether the absence of their own viewpoint oscillation played an important role in subjects’ estimates, while they were walking on a treadmill. And finally, in a last experiment we tried to develop a dynamic measure of distance travelled to a previously seen target, with a continuous pointing task method. Overall, our results show that viewpoint oscillations play an important role in visual self-motion perception and that several parameters (including visual information, proprioceptive information and ecological aspects of natural walking) seem to be involved in this process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Marcos Botton Piccin.pdf: 3891788 bytes, checksum: 50ac5d427e99048c73b932fdad6563b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work consists of a research that analyzes the underlying sociocultural logics to the productive strategies developed by the landless farmers settled in the rural Settlement called Ceres, RS. That Settlement was formed in the end of 1996 and it received landless farm workers of several areas and municipal districts of Rio Grande do Sul, having different paths and acquired social experiences in the different busy social positions in the structure of relationships of the society. Hence the occupation of the territory and the social-historical development of that state have conformed certain social positions to the poor rural workers as small farmers, temporary and permanent workers, millers, lacemakers, among other generating potentially different principles of action, behaviors, codes and operational modalities that provide a group of knowledge, creeds and a certain practical sense, working as social habitus. In this sense, this sociocultural heterogeneity tends to compose the social processes as much of the camps as of the rural settlements and it can be expressed by the different situations that took the rural workers to the fight for the land, for the different objectives related to the ownership of a lot, as well as for the differentiated projects and future dreams elaborated among those individuals. Then, when in the establishment of awareness, knowledge, projects and future dreams which have been built along the social paths tend to make present and updated face of the found circumstances regarding the differential of powers among the different social agents of the local and regional environment. Like this, the cultivations, handlings and several forms of productive occupation of the land lots for the farmer-seated can also represent that social-cultural heterogeneity forged by the socialhistorical process. In that sense, the research classified the farmer-seated in three productive systems considered as diversified, soy-milk, and soy farmers through a survey questionnaire and it was opted for living the daily of them starting from an interview of a pre-selected sample of seated families. The analysis of the data and information allow considering that the interactions and reactions from those environments do not occur in the same way by the group of the farmer-seated in the establishment of the strategies of social reproduction. The existence of three productive systems in the Settlement tends to correspond to the sociocultural internal factors along the social paths. As a result, the significances attributed to the differentiated forms of productive occupation of the land lots reveal desires and life projects longed for and also differentiated and such objectives are believed to be possible to achieve in the Settlement. . / Este trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa que analisa as l?gicas socioculturais subjacentes ?s estrat?gias produtivas desenvolvidas pelos agricultores-assentados no Assentamento rural Ceres, RS. Esse Assentamento foi formado no final de 1996 e recebeu agricultores sem-terra de v?rias regi?es e munic?pios do Rio Grande do Sul, com diferentes trajet?rias e experi?ncias sociais adquiridas nas diferentes posi??es sociais ocupadas na estrutura de rela??es da sociedade. A ocupa??o do territ?rio e o desenvolvimento s?cio-hist?rico desse estado conformaram determinadas posi??es sociais aos trabalhadores rurais pobres como pequenos agricultores, trabalhadores tempor?rios e permanentes, meeiros, rendeiros, entre outras, gerando, potencialmente, distintos princ?pios de a??o, comportamentos, c?digos e modalidades operacionais que conferem um conjunto de saberes, cren?as e um senso pr?tico determinado, funcionando como habitus sociais. Esta heterogeneidade sociocultural tende a compor os processos sociais tanto dos acampamentos quanto dos assentamentos rurais e pode ser expressada pelas diferentes situa??es que levaram os trabalhadores rurais ? luta pela terra, pelos diferentes objetivos para com a posse de um lote, assim como pelos diferenciados projetos e sonhos de futuro elaborados entre esses indiv?duos. Quando em assentamento os saberes, conhecimentos, projetos e sonhos de futuro constru?dos ao longo das trajet?rias sociais tendem a ser presentificados e atualizados frente ?s circunst?ncias encontradas dos diferenciais de poderes entre os distintos agentes sociais que figuram a ambi?ncia local e regional. Assim, os cultivos, manejos e formas diversas de ocupa??o produtiva dos lotes de terra pelos agricultores-assentados tamb?m podem representar aquela heterogeneidade sociocultural forjada pelo processo s?cio-hist?rico. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa classificou os agricultores-assentados em tr?s sistemas produtivos considerados como diversificado, sojaleite e soja atrav?s de um question?rio tipo survey e optou-se pela viv?ncia do cotidiano dos mesmos a partir do qual se procedeu a entrevista de uma amostra pr?-selecionada de fam?lias assentadas. A an?lise dos dados e informa??es permite considerar que as intera??es e rea??es a essas ambi?ncias n?o se d?o da mesma forma pelo conjunto dos agricultores-assentados no estabelecimento das estrat?gias de reprodu??o social. A exist?ncia de tr?s sistemas produtivos no Assentamento tende a corresponder aos fatores socioculturais internalizados ao longo das trajet?rias sociais. As significa??es atribu?das ?s formas diferenciadas de ocupa??o produtiva dos lotes de terra revelam desejos e projetos de vida almejados tamb?m diferenciados e que se julga poss?vel alcan?ar no Assentamento.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-05T20:40:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Nivia Cl?udia Katica Melo e Silva.pdf: 6493258 bytes, checksum: 88b672c6a18c9f8ac914c14d9d65915d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T20:40:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Nivia Cl?udia Katica Melo e Silva.pdf: 6493258 bytes, checksum: 88b672c6a18c9f8ac914c14d9d65915d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-03 / This research had as goal to analyse the scenes and situations lived by adult population in street situation in your displacement process to Campo Grande, at West Zone, occasioned by the huge international sport events at central region and South Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, between the years 2014 and 2016. The base of the analysis of life on streets is the material collected in research field (observation, participation and interviews with some people in street situation and other ones who work directly with they, mainly inside religious entities that act with people in street situation) and data of population in street situation on Rio de Janeiro city as a whole and more specifically their data in Campo Grande. This work propose to point the vulnerabilities that populations in street situation are subject inside and outside this displacement process through the city, just as well the deficit of public equipments and your agents, limiting the access of these populations to yours most basics rights. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as cenas e situa??es vividas pela popula??o adulta em situa??o de rua no seu processo de deslocamento para Campo Grande, na Zona Oeste, ocasionado pelos grandes eventos internacionais esportivos na regi?o central e na Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 2014 e 2016. Como base para a an?lise da vida nas ruas est? o material colhido no campo (observa??o, participa??o e entrevistas com algumas pessoas em situa??o de rua e outras que trabalham diretamente com elas, sobretudo em entidades religiosas que tenham a??es com pessoas em situa??o de rua) e dados da popula??o em situa??o de rua na cidade do Rio de Janeiro como um todo e mais especificamente dados em Campo Grande. Este trabalho se prop?e a apontar as vulnerabilidades que as popula??es em situa??o de rua est?o sujeitas dentro e fora deste processo de mobilidade pela cidade, bem como o d?ficit de equipamentos p?blicos e seus agentes, restringindo o acesso dessas popula??es aos seus direitos mais b?sicos.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-09T20:35:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Manoel Goes dos Santos.pdf: 1308010 bytes, checksum: 54c8e6df91ab48a87ed4c2da25330ec2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T20:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Manoel Goes dos Santos.pdf: 1308010 bytes, checksum: 54c8e6df91ab48a87ed4c2da25330ec2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-28 / The aim of this study was to analyze what possible contributions the Federal Institute of Education Science and Amazon Technology - Campus Tabatinga provided and is providing Umaria?u community and what impacts that cause in political, social, educational and economic of the community. The methodology that was used in this study consisted of two distinct actions. The first referred to the survey documents that deal with educational policies, such as: LDB number 9.394 / 96; Convention 169; Law 11,892 / 2008; Political Course Project (PPC) and curriculum Matrix Technical Course in Agriculture in Form Integrated mode in EJA-PROEJA Campus Tabatinga-AM; National Guidelines for Basic Education - MEC 2013; possession of documents of FUNAI that Regulates the T?k?na (ticuna) indigenous lands of Umaria?u people. The second methodological action was based on qualitative quantitative methodology in the course of informants in Technical Agriculture, indicate difficulties and solutions for vocational education established by Campus Tabatinga-AM. The research can be understood as a process of discovery of facts that objective contact with unknown or little known realities, revealing its characteristics and peculiarities. And it is through this tool we can work teaching and learning process more efficiently, with a facilitating tool in the process of understanding and definition of public policies. For this work student can be considered as a complementary tool to its training by the need for continuous improvement and the search for new knowledge, contributing effectively in their academic, professional and social. The questionnaire was applied Technical Course in Agribusiness in Form Integrated in EJA-PROEJA mode, and enabled us to identify their perception on the development of research as a pedagogical activity, highlighting the main difficulties for their effective realization. The results obtained in the study provided subsidies to make some considerations on the impact that professional education is providing with the people of the T?k?na ethnic Umaria?u; contributions and challenges in developing educational proposals through a dialogic and reflexive action between Institution of Technical Education and leaders of the local T?k?na (ticuna) ethnic group. This study craved not exhaust the discussion on methodologies and challenges that the T?k?na (ticuna) people faced throughout its historical trajectory. This work took into account the references of authors such as Levi-Strauss, Oliveira Filho, Nimuendaj?, Oliveira Ribeiro Reis, Oro, among others who have contributed to clarifying the T?k?na (ticuna) history. / O objetivo desse trabalho foi Analisar quais as poss?veis contribui??es que o Instituto Federal de Educa??o Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Amazonas ? Campus Tabatinga proporcionou e est? proporcionando ? comunidade de Umaria?u e quais impactos que acarretam na vida pol?tica, social, educacional e econ?mica daquela comunidade. A metodologia que foi utilizada nesta pesquisa constituiu-se de duas a??es bem distintas. A primeira referiu-se ao levantamento de documentos que versam sobre as pol?ticas p?blicas educacionais, tais como: LDB N?mero 9.394/96; Conven??o 169; Lei 11.892/2008; Projeto Pol?tico do Curso (PPC) e Matriz curricular do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria na Forma Integrada na Modalidade EJA-PROEJA do Campus Tabatinga-AM; Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Educa??o B?sica ? MEC 2013; Documentos de posse da FUNAI que Regulamenta as terras ind?genas do povo T?k?na (ticuna) de Umaria?u. A segunda a??o metodol?gica foi baseada na metodologia quantitativa qualitativa em que os informantes do curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria, apontam dificuldades e solu??es para a educa??o profissional estabelecida pelo Campus Tabatinga-AM. A pesquisa pode ser entendida como um processo de descoberta de fatos que objetiva entrar em contato com realidades desconhecidas ou pouco conhecidas, revelando suas caracter?sticas e peculiaridades. E ? atrav?s desta ferramenta que conseguimos trabalhar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de forma mais eficiente, sendo uma ferramenta facilitadora no processo de compreens?o e defini??o de pol?ticas p?blicas. Para o aluno este trabalho pode ser considerado como uma ferramenta complementar a sua forma??o, mediante a necessidade do cont?nuo aperfei?oamento e a busca por novos conhecimentos, contribuindo de forma efetiva em sua forma??o acad?mica, profissional e social. O question?rio foi aplicado Curso T?cnico em Agroind?stria na Forma Integrada na Modalidade EJA-PROEJA, e possibilitou identificar a percep??o dos mesmos acerca do desenvolvimento da pesquisa como atividade pedag?gica, destacando-se as principais dificuldades encontradas para sua efetiva realiza??o. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa nos forneceram subs?dios para formular algumas considera??es sobre os impactos que a educa??o profissional est? proporcionando junto ao povo da etnia T?k?na (ticuna) de Umaria?u; contribui??es e os desafios no desenvolvimento propostas educativas atrav?s de uma a??o dial?gica e reflexiva entre Institui??o de Ensino T?cnico e lideran?as da etnia T?k?na (ticuna) locais. O presente estudo n?o almejou esgotar a discuss?o sobre metodologias e desafios que o povo T?k?na (ticuna) enfrentou ao longo de sua trajet?ria hist?rica. Este trabalho levou em conta as refer?ncias bibliogr?ficas de autores como L?vi-Strauss, Oliveira Filho, Nimuendaj?, Oliveira, Ribeiro, Reis, Oro, entre outros que contribu?ram para o esclarecimento da hist?ria T?k?na (ticuna).

La mémoire épisodique lie différents éléments dans un contexte spatial et temporel particulier. Il a été proposé que lors de la récupération d‟un épisode, la ré-instanciation d‟une cohérence entre les éléments néocorticaux soit opérée grâce à une représentation spatiale allocentrée stockée au niveau de la structure hippocampique (i.e., codage de la position des objets entre eux, indépendamment de la position de l‟individu, Burgess, Becker, King, & O'Keefe, 2001; Nadel & Moscovitch, 1998). Ce travail de thèse propose de traiter la mémoire épisodique et le sentiment de projection dans son passé (i.e., conscience autonoétique) comme une qualité attribuée à une dextérité relative dans le traitement spatial égocentré mis à jour (i.e., la position, orientation et le déplacement de son corps dans l‟environnement). Le rôle des traitements spatiaux allocentrés et égocentrés mis à jour dans la mémoire épisodique a été évalué expérimentalement. Les résultats suggèrent l‟existence d‟un lien causal entre le traitement de la mise à jour égocentré et les performances de mémoire épisodique. De plus, les études ont mis en évidence l‟existence de spécificités cérébrales et comportementales de la mise à jour égocentrée confirmant l‟adéquation de ce traitement au modèle théorique proposé. Par ailleurs, en référence à cette dissociation entre l‟information égocentrée mis à jour et allocentrée, des études neuropsychologiques ont révélé la présence de déficits de la mise à jour égocentrée, et d‟une préservation allocentrée dans l‟amnésie bihippocampique qu‟elle soit acquise ou développementale. Enfin, l‟évaluation des conséquences cérébrales lors de la récupération épisodique d‟un encodage maximisant le traitement égocentré mis à jour a permis de révéler une implication spécifique des structures temporo-pariétales. Ce travail de thèse a été organisé autour d‟un modèle théorique original du fonctionnement de la mémoire épisodique proposant de nouvelles prédictions expérimentales. Les approches comportementale, neuropsychologique et en imagerie fonctionnelle soulèvent à leur tour de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur le lien entre conscience de son corps et mémoire épisodique. / Episodic memory binds various elements in a specific spatial and temporal context. During retrieval, disparate neocortical elements can be re-associated into a coherent episode due to an allocentric spatial context maintained within the hippocampal formation (ie, coding for object-to-object relations, independently of the individual‟s position, Burgess, Becker, King, & O‟Keefe, 2001, Nadel & Moscovitch, 1998). Phenomenological experience is characteristic of episodic memory. In this thesis, it is described as an individual‟s attribution to a fluency in processing egocentric-updating spatial information (i.e., the position, orientation and movement of one‟s body) during retrieval. The function of egocentric-updating and of allocentric spatial processing in episodic memory was assessed experimentally. Results demonstrate the presence of a causal link between egocentric-updating and episodic memory performance. Moreover, experiments showed cerebral and behavioural specificities of egocentric-updating spatial processing supporting its involvement in episodic memory. Additionally, in line with this distinction between allocentric and egocentric-updating spatial processing, neuropsychological experiments revealed deficits in egocentric-updating with a preservation of allocentric spatial processing in both acquired and developemental bi-hippocampal amnesia. Finally, the assessment of cerebral consequences of encoding an episode while maximizing egocentric-updating processes revealed a higher involvement of temporo-parietal regions during the subsequent episodic retrieval. This thesis work was structured over an original theoretical model on episodic memory functioning allowing new experimental predictions. Combining behavioural, neuropsychological and neuroimaging approaches raised in turn new questions concerning links between episodic memory and self-consciousness.

Pour pouvoir s'orienter et se déplacer efficacement dans leur environnement, les animaux utilisent toutes sortes de stratégies. Les plus simples consistent à reproduire une séquence motrice stéréotypée, par exemple tourner à droite en sortant du nid et courir tout droit jusqu'à une source de nourriture précédemment identifiée. Des stratégies plus complexes nécessitent de se guider à l'aide de points de repère, d'autres enfin requièrent une connaissance précise de l'environnement. <br />Bien avant la découverte de l'existence dans le cerveau du rat de neurones impliqués dans le traitement de représentations spatiales, des études en psychologie animale avaient suggéré que les rongeurs étaient capables de se repérer en élaborant une sorte de carte mentale de leur environnement, une carte cognitive (Tolman, 1948). Cette proposition faisait l'objet de débats passionnés, opposant ses défenseurs à leurs homologues comportementalistes, selon qui le comportement spatial des animaux devait s'expliquer en termes de chaînes d'associations stimulus-réponse. Une vingtaine d'années plus tard, O'Keefe et Dostrovsky (1971) mettaient en évidence que les cellules pyramidales de l'hippocampe sont impliquées dans le codage de la position du rat dans l'environnement. En raison de cette corrélation fonctionnelle frappante, ces neurones furent appelés cel lules de lieu. Plus récemment, Ranck (1984) découvrait les cellules de direction de la tête (DT), des neurones du postsubiculum (une structure de la formation hippocampique) qui déchargent sélectivement lorsque la tête du rat est orientée dans une direction particulière de l'environnement.<br />Comment de tels neurones sont-ils activés « au bon moment » ? Lorsqu'un animal explore son environnement, divers signaux sensoriels et moteurs au sein du système nerveux central sont susceptibles de véhiculer des informations spatiales : par exemple, les signaux d'origine visuelle peuvent servir à s'orienter par rapport à des points de repère saillants ; ou bien encore, les signaux d'origine vestibulaire, qui codent les accélérations angulaires et linéaires de la tête, permettent de déterminer le mouvement de la tête dans l'espace.<br />Notre travail a pour but de mieux comprendre comment ces différents signaux sensoriels et moteurs contribuent à la genèse et à la mise à jour des réponses des cellules DT chez le rat. <br />Nous commencerons donc par placer notre travail dans un contexte théorique précis, en définissant tout d'abord la notion de référentiel, qui permet de caractériser les relations spatiales entre le sujet et l'environnement - ou entre les éléments de l'environnement. Puis, nous passerons en revue les signaux sensoriels et moteurs potentiellement impliqués dans l'élaboration des représentations spatiales, et leurs possibles intéractions. Nous nous attacherons à distinguer les informations spatiales fournies par les éléments de l'environnement, de celles qui sont fournies par les signaux neuraux générés par les mouvements propres du sujet. Ces considérations théoriques seront l'ob jet de la première Partie. <br />Dans la deuxième Partie, nous présenterons un ensemble de travaux de psychologie animale qui ont permis de mieux caractériser les influences des repères environnementaux et des signaux de mouvement propre sur les comportements spatiaux des rongeurs. Une revue exhaustive de ces études dépassant le cadre de notre travail, nous ne nous intéresserons ici qu'à un certain nombre de résultats choisis ayant un rapport direct avec les questions théoriques qui ont guidé nos propres travaux expérimentaux. <br />Nous présenterons ensuite quelques structures neurales impliquées dans le traitement des représentations spatiales, dont le fonctionnement pourrait constituer la base neurophysiologique d'un certain nombre de comportements spatiaux. Nous insisterons tout particulièrement sur les cellules DT (troisième Partie) et les cellules de lieu (quatrième Partie). <br />Nous verrons que les réponses de ces deux populations de neurones sont influencées à la fois par les repères environnementaux, et par les signaux produits par les mouvements propres de l'animal. Pour d'autres revues des résultats expérimentaux concernant les influences des signaux sensoriels et moteurs sur les réponses des cellules DT et des cellules de lieu, le lecteur est invité à se référer à Wiener et Zugaro (2001) et à Wiener, Rondi-Reig, et Zugaro (2001), ainsi qu'à Zugaro et coll. (2000). <br />Nous présenterons ensuite un certain nombre d'autres structures cérébrales dont les réponses sont corrélées au comportement spatial de l'animal (cinquième Partie). Il s'agira cette fois d'une présentation succincte, notre intention étant surtout de montrer comment les signaux générés par ces structures pourraient influencer les cellules DT et les cellules de lieu. <br />Nous serons alors à même de présenter nos propres travaux expérimentaux (sixième Partie). Ces travaux ont fait l'objet d'articles publiés (ou récemment acceptés) par des revues internationales à comité de lecture (Zugaro, Tabuchi, et Wiener, 2000 ; Zugaro, Berthoz, et Wiener, 2001a ; Zugaro et coll., 2001 ; Zugaro, Berthoz, et Wiener, 2001b). Un manuscrit est également en cours de rédaction en collaboration avec Robert Muller, Jeffrey Taube, Joshua Bassett, Gary Muir et Edward Golob. Ces articles sont proposés ici dans leur intégralité, précédés de résumés en français incluant dans chaque cas une présentation de la problématique, des expériences et des résultats, ainsi que d'une discussion. <br />Nous conclurons par une discussion générale.

L'hémophilie est une maladie héréditaire rare qui affecte la coagulation. Elle réclame des soins rapides pour les patients. En raison du degré de spécialisation requis et du coût des médicaments, les lieux de soins sont rares sur le territoire. Il y adonc un fort enjeu relatif à l'accessibilité. En Bretagne, les patients les plus sévèrement atteints par la maladie ont été observés en plus forte proportion que les autres à proximité des centres de traitement de l'hémophilie. Pourtant, ladistance n'est pas le seul critère jouant sur la qualité de l'accès aux soins. L'expérience personnelle, la facilité à se déplacer ou la sévérité de la maladie peuvent contraindre ou faciliter l'accès aux soins. En cas d'urgences, les patientsne rejoignent pas toujours le lieu de soins le plus proche, parce qu'ils privilégient les structures spécialisées dans l'hémophilie. Des cas de mobilités résidentielle provoqués par la mauvaise accessibilité ont été observés en Bretagne. Parailleurs, la maladie limite la mobilité quotidienne et occasionnelle, agit comme une contrainte supplémentaire dans la recherche d'un emploi ou dans le cadre de l'accession à la propriété. La thèse a ouvert des perspectives d'étude surl'accessibilité à l'échelle nationale ou élargies à d'autres maladies hémorragiques. Méthodologiquement, on a montré l'intérêt de l'emploi successif de SIG, d'un questionnaire et d'entretiens auprès des patients