Prior work in this system has indicated that, under favourable conditions, the formation of a martensitic transformation product on cooling may be preceded by a second-order cubic-rhombohedral transformation. In the present investigation, thin-film electron microscopy and diffraction have been employed to study the pre-transformation phenomena in the temperature range 20-300 °C. The results are interpreted in terms of localized thermal diffuse scattering, resulting from the transformation, in terms of lattice dynamics, is suggested. dark field micrographs of the rhombohedral phase suggest a moderate degree of co-operation between adjacent domains. Additional data is provided in the form of volumetric and x-ray intensity measurements. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Prior work in this system has indicated that, under favourable conditions, the formation of a martensitic transformation product on cooling may be preceded by a second-order cubic-rhombohedral transformation. In the present investigation, thin film electron microscopy and diffraction have been employed to study the pre-transformation phenomena in the temperature range 20-300°C. The results are interpreted in terms of localized thermal diffuse scattering, resulting from incipient mechanical instability. A model for the cubic-rhombohedral transformation of the rhombohedral phase suggest a moderate degree of co-operation between adjacent domains. Additional data is provided in the form of volumetric and x-ray intensity measurements. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Survey work has resolved certain reported anomalies in this system. In particular, TiNi was found to undergo two displacive phase transformations at temperatures near room temperature. Below 50°C the pseudo body-centered cubic compound undergoes a gradual distortion in an unusual second order phase transformation producing the "transition phase”, the existence of which is terminated by a typical martensitic burst transfor­mation at 20°C which produces the "martensitic phase". The crystal structures of the parent phase and transformation products, and the trans­formation characteristics have been studied with X-ray and electron diffrac­tion, electron microscopy, electrical resistance and density measurements. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

The use of architecture as a transformation tool can barely do that job if no intervention is permitted to take place. Sometimes it is right to gently touch or leave unmarked, but sometimes it is necessary to expose in order to preserve / Master of Architecture

In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, characterized by technological advancements, organisations are placing significant emphasis on digital transformation (DT) to survive. Concurrently, considerations of sustainability impacts have become crucial factors that organisations must take into account. The combination of the two is known as a sustainable digital transformation (SDT). There is currently a lack of research on how the organisational change of an SDT can occur. In particular, there is a lack of management tools that managers can use to actualise SDT. The actualisation of a SDT is what this study looks to explore by contextualising an organisational change model, known as Kotter’s 8-step model, to an SDT. The aim of the thesis was to provide guidance to practitioners on how to implement an SDT, and to add new knowledge to the theoretical understanding of how Kotter's 8-step model can be contextualised to an SDT. The thesis utilised semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, identifying 18 activities that can be executed during an SDT initiative across the 8 steps of Kotter's model. These 18 activities extend existing knowledge by emphasising the importance of highlighting the need for change in relation to sustainability, financial, and diverse stakeholder perspectives. The thesis also contributes new insights by emphasising the significance of engaging external actors such as regulatory bodies, like-minded businesses, and industry associations. During the vision for change phase, we found the necessity of strategically drawing out a long-term strategy that corresponds with sustainability goals, rather than solely focusing on immediate wins for leadership. Furthermore, our study highlights the value of providing training to overcome resistance to digital change and enhance digital literacy, acknowledging that digital transformation is a time-consuming process. Lastly, we found that sustaining an SDT requires retaining and promoting change leaders and selectively hiring individuals who align with the change, as reverting to previous practices can hinder progress. For future study it is recommended that further interviews be conducted with relevant professionals, and that a case study or observational study be done with an organisation that conducts an SDT using Kotter's model.

Cette thèse porte sur l’influence des transformations de phases solide-solide sur la propagation de fissure. On souhaite ainsi mieux comprendre les variations de ténacité en cours de soudage par exemple, ou bien pendant la réparation d’une fissure. Dans ce travail, la ténacité est obtenue à partir de l’intégrale J. Il existe de nombreuses méthodes expérimentales permettant d’obtenir la ténacité critique JIC mais qui sont difficilement applicables pour des essais se déroulant pendant une transformation de phase. C’est pourquoi nous avons proposé une méthode couplant essai mécanique et mesure par corrélation d’images avec de la simulation par éléments finis. Les essais sont réalisés sur de simples éprouvettes plates pré fissurées, faciles à usiner et simple à chauffer par induction. Les essais sont conduits pour différentes températures et jusqu’à rupture. En sus des mesures d’efforts et déplacements de traverse, la corrélation d’images nous fourni également les champs de déplacement sur chaque face de l’éprouvette. Chaque essai est ensuite simulé par éléments finis où la ténacité critique est calculée par la méthode G-Theta au maximum de la charge supportée par l’éprouvette. Les simulations précédentes intègrent les conditions aux limites obtenues par corrélation et le comportement mécanique considéré est celui que nous avons identifié sur des essais de caractérisation. Deux nuances de matériau ont été étudiées avec cette méthode ; l’acier inoxydale 15-5PH ainsi que l’acier ferritique 16MND5. Pour ces deux matériaux, différentes températures d’essai ont été choisies avant, pendant et après la transformation pour effectuer les essais de rupture ainsi que de caractérisation du comportement mécanique. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la transformation de phase peut avoir un impact non négligeable sur la ténacité. Ainsi, pour le 15-5PH, le taux d’austénite résiduel est un facteur important et les essais pendant la transformation martensitiques montrent que la ténacité critique peut être inférieure pendant celle ci à celle du matériau purement austénitique. Dans le cas du 16MND5, la ténacité est beaucoup plus faible à 600°C (et bainitique) qu’à température ambiante ce qui est assez logique. Par contre, lors du refroidissement, depuis 600° (austénitique) jusqu’à la température ambiante (bainitique), nous avons obtenu une ténacité critique relativement constante. En conclusion, cette étude apporte une solution quant à la mesure de la ténacité critique de matériau pendant des transformations de phases, ce que ne permettent pas forcément les essais normalisés. Pour le 15-5PH, la ténacité critique semble évoluer pendant la transformation martensitique et est assez dépendante du taux d’austénite résiduelle. Il semble par contre que pour le 16MND5, la ténacité critique soit assez peu dépendante de la fraction volumique d’austénite et la valeur obtenue varie peu au cours du refroidissement du matériau depuis 600°C. / Ou study focuses on the effects of phase transformations on crack propagation. We want to understand the changes of fracture toughness during welding. In this work, fracture toughness is expressed by J-integral. There are many experimental methods to obtain the critical toughness JIC but they are impractical for our investigation during phase transformation. That is the reason why we have proposed a method coupling mechanical tests, digital image correlation and finite element simulation. The fracture tests are implemented on pre-cracked single edge notched plate sample which is easy for machining and heat conduct during phase transformation. The tests are conducted at different temperatures until rupture. Digital image correlation gives us the displacement information on every sample. Each test is then simulated by finite element where the fracture toughness is evaluated by the method G-Theta at the crack propagation starting moment found by potential drop method and digital image correlation technical. Two materials have been studied, 15Cr-5Ni martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel and 16MND5 ferritic low carbon steel. For these two materials, different test temperatures were chosen before, during and after phase transformation for testing and failure characterization of the mechanical behavior. Investigation result shows that metallurgical phase transformation has an influence on fracture toughness and further crack propagation. For 15-5PH, the result of J1C shows that the as received 15-5PH has higher fracture toughness than the one at 200°C. The toughness is also higher than the original material after one cycle heat treatment probably due to some residual austenite. Meanwhile, pure austenite 15-5PH at 200°C has higher fracture toughness than pure martensitic 15-5PH at 200°C. For 16MND5, the result also proves that the phase transformation affects fracture toughness. The as received material has bigger J1C than the situation where it was heated to 600°C. On the other hand, the material at 600°C just before isothermal bainite transformation after the austenitization during cooling process also has higher fracture toughness than the one at 600°C before austenitization. These two conclusions are consistent well with the result of 15-5PH. But the final situation of 16MND5 after one cycle heat treatment has a slightly smaller J1C than the receiving situation. It means that one cycle heat treatment hasn't an significant influence on 16MND5fracture toughness. Conclusions show that one should pay attention to the heating period before austenitization of the substrate material when people do the welding as the higher temperature will bring the lower fracture toughness during this process. While during cooling period, the fracture toughness doesn't change a lot during, before or after the cooling induced phase transformation. Even for 15-5PH, it has a better fracture toughness after the martensite transformation than before.

Fenomenet digital transformation har trätt fram under de senaste åren och är en trend som påverkar samhället och organisationer kraftigt genom att digitalisera arbetssätt och metoder. Sveriges hälso- och sjukvård står inför ett vägval, med en åldrande befolkning är digitalisering ett kraftfullt verktyg för att transformera verksamheter och adressera ett ökat vårdbehov som inte kan mötas med traditionell arbetskraft. Hälso- och sjukvården behöver utvecklas genom digital teknik vilket kommer förbättra vården med sänkta kostnader, ökad tillgänglighet, förbättrad kvalité och effektivare arbetsprocesser. Hälso- och sjukvården kan bli mer proaktiv och patient-centrerad, vilket kan leda till förbättrad vård med färre fysiska besök. Studiens syfte är att belysa framgångsfaktorer för digitala transformationsprojekt inom hälso- och sjukvården och studien riktar sig till kommuner och regioner runt om i Sverige, som vill ta del av forskningen för att utvinna framgångsfaktorer för en lyckad digital transformation. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer där personer som arbetar med digitaliseringen av sin kommun eller regions hälso- och sjukvård intervjuades. Resultatet av studien identifierade åtta stycken framgångsfaktorer varav sex stycken stämde överens med den befintliga forskningen; Ledarskap, Kommunikation & Kultur, Engagemang, Förändringsledning, Data och Strategi, och två stycken som tillkom via studien; Lagstiftning och Kompetens. Efter diskussion kring studiens resultat och analys mynnade slutsatsen ut i att teorin och empirin har sina likheter, samt att mjuka värden och den mänskliga faktorn är vitala framgångsfaktorer. / The phenomenon of digital transformation has emerged in recent years and is a trend that affects society and organizations in a significant way by digitizing their working methods. Sweden's healthcare is at a crossroads, with an aging population and where chronic disease is prevalent, digital technology is a powerful tool to transform operations and address the increased need for healthcare that can not be met with traditional labor. Healthcare needs to be developed through digital technology, which will improve healthcare with reduced costs, increased availability and improved quality in its work processes. The healthcare industry can become more proactive and patient-centered, which can lead to improved healthcare with fewer physical visits. The purpose of the study is to shed light on success factors for digital transformation projects in the healthcare industry and the study is aimed at municipalities and regions in Sweden, who want to take part in research to extract success factors for a successful digital transformation. The study is based on a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews where people who work with the digitalisation of their municipality or region's healthcare were interviewed. The results of the study identified eight success factors, of which six were in line with existing research; Leadership, Communication & Culture, Commitment, Change Management, Data and Strategy, and two emerged from the study; Legislation and Competence. After discussion about the study's results and analysis, the conclusion was that the theory and empiricism have their similarities and that the human component is vital.

Dans la première partie de ma thèse, en adaptant l'idée de Jien et Ma (2010), l'objectif principal est étudier les équations différentielles doublement stochastiques rétrogrades, semi-linéaires ou nonlinéaires, régies par un mouvement brownien standard et un mouvement brownien fractionnaire indépendant, ainsi que les équations différentielles partielles stochastiques associées régies par le mouvement brownien fractionnaire. Pour le cas semi-linéaire, dans un papier en collaboration avec Jorge A. Leόn (CINVESTAV, Mexique), nous utilisons le calcul de Malliavin dans le cadre du mouvement brownien fractionnaire et la transformation de Girsanov anticipative. Pour le cas nonlinéaire, nous appliquons la transformation de Doss-Sussmann. Dans la deuxième partie nous étudions la régularité, à savoir la continuité de Lipschitz conjointe et la semiconcavité conjointe, de la solution de viscosité pour une classe générale d'équations aux dérivées partielles-intégrales non locales de type Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman. Pour cette fin nous employons l'interprétation stochastique par une équation différentielle stochastique rétrograde contrôlée avec sauts, en appliquant du changement de temps pour le mouvement brownien et la transformation de Kulik pour la mesure aléatoire de Poisson. Notre travail est une généralisation des travaux de Buckdahn, Cannarsa et Quincampoix (2010) et Buckdahn, Huang et Li (2011).

Tangu kuzuka kwa umiliki wa vyombo vya moto vya usafiri (mabasi, malori, pikipiki) kwa watu binafsi katika miaka ya 1990 nchini Tanzania, misemo kwa kiasi kikubwa imechupa kutoka katika majukwaa yake ya asili ya kanga, vihangaisho, vipepeo na makawa majumbani na kuhamia katika vyombo vya usafiri. Si tu misemo mipya imezuka bali hata ile misemo ya asili imepindwa na kutumiwa katika miktadha mipya. Waandishi wa semi za magari ni madereva, utingo au wamiliki wa vyombo hivyo. Tumebaini makundi matatu ya misemo katika data yetu, yaani misemo kongwe, misemo pindwa na misemo ibuka, kwa kuakisi nadharia za methali na misemo za Mieder & Litovkina (1999), Mieder (2007) na Litovkina (2011). Je, misemo hiyo ni mkondo wa fikra mpya za watu kama alivyotabiri Kezilahabi (1988, 1995)? / Since the introduction of the private commercial motor transport services in Tanzania in the 1990s, the inscription of sayings has shifted from their mainly traditional platforms of female cotton wrap (Kanga), palm leaf food cover (kawa) or hand fan (kipepeo) onto the tailgate, sideboards or mudguards of commercial automobiles. The vehicle owners and/or their operators are inscribers of these automobile slogans. I analyse them in three forms: standard, parodied and innovated sayings adopting the paremiological approaches by Mieder & Litovkina (1999), Mieder (2007), Litovkina (2011). Do these forms of car inscriptions fulfill the prediction by Kezilahabi (1988, 1995) on the imminent transformation of the Swahili sayings to become a platform for negotiation of people`s tumultuous life challenges and desires?

Ce travail est une contribution à l'étude des conséquences mécaniques des transformations de phase à l'état solide dans les aciers, en particulier la plasticité de transformation (TRIP), en prenant en compte l'effet de la taille de grain austénitique (AGS). L'évolution de l'AGS a été étudiée sous différentes conditions d'austénitisation. Des essais de plasticité de transformation ont été conduits avec les mêmes conditions d'austénitisation afin d'observer l'évolution du TRIP avec l'AGS. Trois types de chargement mécanique sont considérés : la traction uniaxiale, la torsion uniaxiale et le cas biaxial de traction + torsion. Les résultats montrent que : i) le TRIP augmente avec l'AGS dans le cas de la traction ; ii) il est indépendant de l'AGS pour la torsion; iii) pour le cas du changement biaxial, le TRIP diminue légèrement. Ceci montre que les modèles décrivant le TRIP doivent être revus afin de prendre en compte l'AGS. / This work is a contribution to the study of mechanical consequences of solid-solid state phase transformations in steels, particularly the Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP), and the effect of the Austenite Grain Size (AGS). The evolution of AGS was studied taking into account different austenitization conditions. Then, TRIP tests were carried out with the same conditions to observe the evolution of TRIP with AGS. Three types of loading are considered: the uniaxial tension case, torsion case and biaxial tension and torsion case. The resuslts show that: i)the TRIP increase with AGS in the tensile case. ii) It is independant for the torsion case. iii) For the biaxial loading case, the TRIP decreases slightly. This shows that the micromechanical models describing the TRIP should be reviewed to take account of the AGS.