Η παρούσα εργασία αποβλέπει στην μελέτη αλλά και διερεύνηση της σημασίας δύο μορφών ηγεσίας, της συναλλακτικής και της μετασχηματιστικής, καθώς και της έννοιας της συμβουλευτικής, στα πλαίσια των χρηματοπιστωτικών οργανισμών. Συγκεκριμένα, θα παρουσιαστεί αρχικά το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο των παραπάνω εννοιών, ο ορισμός τους, τα χαρακτηριστικά τους γνωρίσματα, οι συσχετιζόμενες με αυτές έννοιες. Στη συνέχεια θα επιχειρηθεί η περαιτέρω έρευνα για την εξακρίβωση της σημαντικότητας και του ρόλου της συναλλακτικής, μετασχηματιστικής ηγεσίας και συμβουλευτικής στην ανάπτυξη του στελέχους στα πλαίσια των χρηματοπιστωτικών ιδρυμάτων. Παράλληλα, η εν λόγω εργασία δύναται να προσφέρει μία διευρυμένη προσέγγιση των παραπάνω εννοιών μέσα από τα ευρήματά της. / The purpose of the present paper is to study two types of leadership, transactional and transformational leadership, as well as the significance of mentoring in the frames of financial institutions. Specifically, this search intends to show the influence of those concepts in the development of the executives in the frames of financial institutions. Transformational leadership is the one of the most suitable types of leadership, which is adopted by the contemporary organizations. Moreover, mentoring is an important educational process that provides the executive with the necessary experience in order to develop. Transformational leadership, transactional leadership and mentoring are correlated in the frames of financial organizations. Finally, the present paper consists of the theoretical overview of those concepts as well as the research of transactional leadership, transformational leadership and mentoring in the frames of financial organizations.

Syfte: Att revisorn behåller sitt oberoende i en revison är grundläggande inom redovisning. Tidigare forskning har påvisat att olika faktorer kan påverka revisorns objektivitet och på så sätt medverka till att revisorn begår kvalitetsreducerande handlingar, så kallade RAQ acts. Då intressenter måste kunna lita på att informationen i revisionen är korrekt för att kunna fatta informativa beslut är det viktigt att identifiera de faktorer som kan påverka revisorns objektivitet och på så sätt förhindra revisorn från att begå kvalitetsreducerande handlingar. Syftet är då att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar revisorns objektivitet och då främst om ett transformellt ledarskap från klienten har en påverkan på revisorns benägenhet att begå RAQ acts. Metod: Underlaget för studien kommer från en enkätundersökning som vi utfört för att samla in primärdata. Enkätundersökningen genomfördes på auktoriserade och godkända revisorer i Sverige. Vi har sedan använt statistikprogrammet SPSS statistics för att analysera svaren och datan och redovisat resultaten i tabellform. Resultat & slutsats: Resultaten från studien visar att tidspress är en faktor som påverkar revisorn till att begå RAQ acts. Dock finner vi inget statistiskt samband som styrker att ett transformellt ledarskap från klienten påverkar revisorns benägenhet att begå RAQ acts. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studien skulle med fördel kunna genomföras igen då resultaten skulle kunna bli annorlunda vid en högre svarsfrekvens.Förslag på fortsatt forskning skulle även kunna vara att undersöka ytterligare faktorer som kan påverka revisorns objektivitet och dennes benägenhet att begå RAQ acts. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien bidrar till att uppmärksamma behovet av att identifiera faktorer som påverkar revisorns objektivitet. / Aim: It´s essential that the auditor retains its independence in accounting. Previous research has shown that different factors may affect the auditor's objectivity and thus contribute to the auditor commits quality reduced actions, so called RAQ acts. The stakeholders need to be confident that the information in the audit is correct to make informative decisions, that‟s why it is important to identify the factors that may affect the auditor's objectivity and thus prevent the auditor from committing RAQ acts. The aim then is to examine the factors that affect the auditor's objectivity, primarily if transformational leadership from the client has an effect on the auditor's propensity to commit RAQ acts. Method: The data for the study comes from a survey we performed to collect raw data. The survey was conducted on authorized and certified accountants in Sweden. We then used the statistical program SPSS Statistics to analyze the responses and the data and reported the results in table form. Result & Conclusions: The study results show that the time pressure is a factor affecting accountant to commit RAQ acts. However, we find no statistical correlation showing that a transformational leadership from the client affects the auditor's propensity to commit RAQ acts. Suggestions for future research: The study could usefully be carried out again when the results would be different at a higher response rate. Suggestions for further research could also be examining other factors that may affect the auditor's objectivity and his/hers propensity to commit RAQ acts. Contribution of the thesis: The study helps to draw attention to the need to identify factors that affect the auditor's objectivity.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the growing phenomenon of teams in the workplace, and how team effectiveness can be established. It was therefore important to establish what contributes to team effectiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate existing relationships between constructs that play a significant role in enhancing team effectiveness. These constructs include transformational leadership, organisational trust, and psychological empowerment. This study was therefore undertaken to obtain more clarity about these aspects. Based on existing literature, a theoretical model depicting how the different constructs are related to one another was developed and various hypotheses were formulated. Data for the purpose of the quantitative study were collected by means of an electronic web-based questionnaire. A total of 224 completed questionnaires were returned. The final questionnaire comprised of four scales, namely the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), the Workplace Trust Survey (WTS), the Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES), and the Team Effectiveness Scale (TES). The postulated relationships and the conceptual model were empirically tested using various statistical methods. Reliability analysis was done on all the measurement scales and satisfactory reliability was found. The content and structure of the measured constructs were investigated by means of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. The results indicated that reasonable good fit was achieved for all the refined measurement models. Subsequently, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to determine the extent to which the conceptual model fitted the data obtained from the sample and to test the hypothesised relationships between the constructs. The results indicated positive relationships between transformational leadership and organisational trust; organisational trust and team effectiveness; transformational leadership and psychological empowerment; psychological empowerment and organisational trust; and psychological empowerment and team effectiveness. However, no support was found for a direct relationship between transformational leadership and team effectiveness. The present study contributes to existing literature on team effectiveness by providing insights into the relationship between transformational leadership, organisational trust, psychological empowerment and team effectiveness. Furthermore, this study identified practical implications to be considered in management practices in order to enhance team effectiveness. The limitations and recommendations present additional insights and possibilities that could be explored through future research studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige studie is op die toenemende belangrikheid van spanne in organisasies gebaseer, en op hoe te werk gegaan moet word om spaneffektiwiteit te verseker. Dit was dus belangrik om vas te stel watter eienskappe tot spaneffektiwiteit bydra. Die studie het ten doel gehad om die verwantskappe tussen konstrukte wat ‘n beduidende rol in spaneffektiwiteit binne die organsiasie speel, te ondersoek. Hierdie konstrukte omvat transformasionele leierskap, vertroue, asook sielkundige bemagtiging. Die studie is dus uitgevoer om meer duidelikheid oor hierdie aspekte te verkry. ‘n Teoretiese model wat voorstel hoe die verskillende konstrukte aan mekaar verwant is, is op grond van die navorsing oor die bestaande literatuur ontwikkel. Verskeie hipoteses is hiervolgens geformuleer. Data vir die doel van die kwantitatiewe studie is deur middel van ‘n elektroniese web-gebaseerde vraelys ingesamel. ‘n Totaal van 224 voltooide vraelyste is terug ontvang. Die finale vraelys is uit vier subvraelyste saamgestel, naamlik die Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), die Workplace Trust Survey (WTS), die Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES), en die Team Effectiveness Scale (TES). Die gepostuleerde verwantskappe en die konseptuele model is empiries met behulp van verskeie statistiese metodes getoets. Betroubaarheidsanalise is op die betrokke meetinstrumente uitgevoer en voldoende betroubaarheid is gevind. Die inhoud en die struktuur van die konstrukte wat deur die instrumente gemeet is, is verder deur middel van verkennende en bevestigende faktorontledings ondersoek. Die resultate het redelike goeie passings vir al die hersiene metingsmodelle getoon. Daarna is struktuurvergelykings-modellering (SVM), gebruik om te bepaal tot watter mate die konseptuele model die data pas, en om die verwantskappe tussen die verskillende konstrukte te toets. Die resultate het positiewe verwantskappe tussen transformasionele leierskap en vertroue; vertroue en spaneffektiwiteit; transformasionele leierskap en sielkundige bemagtiging; sielkundige bemagtiging en vertroue; asook tussen sielkundige bemagtiging en spaneffektiwiteit aangedui. Geen steun is egter vir die direkte verband tussen tranformasionele leierskap en spaneffektiwitiet gevind nie. Hierdie studie dra by tot die bestaande literatuur betreffende spaneffektiwiteit deurdat dit insig bied in die aard van die verwantskappe tussen die konstrukte. Die studie identifiseer ook praktiese implikasies wat in bestuurspraktyke in aanmerking geneem behoort te word om spaneffektiwiteit te versterk. Die beperkings en aanbevelings van die studie dui op verdere insig en moontlikhede wat in toekomstige navorsing ondersoek kan word.

Cornerstone is a United Methodist congregation in Coweta County, Georgia, with a desire to reach its changing community, but which has stagnated recently in doing so. This project thesis builds upon Carol Dweck’s mindset research, which emphasizes an intermediate step between the desire to reach a goal and the realization of that goal breaking the hold of a fixed mindset by introducing key aspects of a growth mindset. This thesis articulates and analyzes the design of a curriculum for lay leaders implemented at Cornerstone that develops this new mindset so that the church can reconnect more fully with its community.

The study is set out to investigate effectiveness of the leadership development programme in changing leadership practices in Markham, and also determines if the programme graduates implement the knowledge and skills learned. The research design is predominantly qualitative. Data collection was through usage of the MLQ, the unstructured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The leadership development intervention was reported to be excellent by most participants, and effective in developing effective leadership competencies. Though positive results were reported about the programme being able to change leadership behaviours in Markham, there are certain areas that can be improved to maximise and optimise the learning of the leaders. Additional learning methodologies may be incorporated or used in conjunction with the Markham Experience, with the purpose of continuously reinforcing the learning, application of knowledge and ensuring that the change at behaviour level is sustained for a long period of time. / Business Management / M.Tech (Human Resource Development)

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te bepaal tot watter mate waargenome leierskapvaardighede van die middelvlakbestuurders in 'n provinsiale hospitaal, 'n voorspeller is van topprestasie. Vanuit die literatuuroorsig word leierskapteoriee, die veranderende konteks van leierskap, leierskapstrategiee en -vaardighede bespreek. Die rasionaal vir topprestasie, visie in topprestasie-organisasies en die beginsels van topprestasie word ook bespreek. Die navorsingsontwerp is 'n beskrywende studie en maak gebruik van 'n gestratifiseerde ewekansige steekproef. Die leierskapvaardigheidsvraelys (Charlton, 1991) is vir die meet van die leierskapvaardighede gebruik en die PA VE-vraelys is gebruik vir die meet van die vlak van topprestasie in die organisasie-eenheid. Die resultate vertoon bemagtiging as die vemaamste voorspeller van topprestasie by die middelvlakbestuurders. Toekomstige navorsing kan temas insluit soos die rol en potensiaal van 'n gedeelde visie, volharding, en werkstevredenheid. Relevante sleutelwoorde is transformerende leierskapvaardighede, topprestasie, bemagtiging en middelvlakbestuurders. / The aim of this research is to determine to what extent perceived leadership competency of the middle level manager in a provincial hospital, is a predictor of peak performance. The literature highlights leadership theories, the changing context of leadership, leadership strategies and competencies. The rationale for peak performance, vision in peak performing organizations and the principles of peak performance are also discussed. The research design is a descriptive study which uses a stratified randomized sample. The leadership competence questionnaire (Charlton, 1991) is used to measure the leadership competencies. The PA VE questionnaire is used to measure the level of peak performance in the organizational unit. The results indicate empowerment as the most prominent predictor of peak performance of middle level managers. Future research may include the role and potential of a shared vision, determination and work satisfaction. Relevant keywords are transformational leadership competencies, peak performance, empowerment and middle level managers. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Bedryfsielkunde)

Christian missions requires leadership that is theologically sound, inter-culturally appropriate and effective. Bernard Bass’ transformational leadership is a well-studied contemporary leadership theory and has the potential to be a significant theoretical basis for missions leadership. Transformational leadership must undergo a thorough critique before leaders attempt to apply the theory in missions contexts. This study is an assessment of transformational leadership theory for missions purposes. The theory is assessed from three perspectives: theoretical, theological, and cultural-anthropological. This research demonstrates that Bass’ transformational leadership theory is a sound theory, but one with significant limitations for Christian missions. Bass did not design his theory as a tool for Christian missions and it lacks key biblical notions that make the theory, as is, a poor choice of leadership in missions. Transformational leadership has been studied in many intercultural contexts and the general principles appear to work in these environments. Through the use of Hofstede’s dimensions of culture, this research demonstrates that Bass’ transformational leadership theory is a variform universal—the principles are maintained interculturally but with various mediations, modifications, and moderations. This research presents two new typologies by which to assess transformational leadership theory—the first is a leadership theory typology and the second is a leadership theology typology. These typologies may be useful to other researchers in their attempt to examine other leadership theories for use in missions. As a result of this research process, this study presents a roadmap for future research in leadership theory for missions.

Problem: The number of MNCs in the world are expanding and there is an ever-growing interest in how knowledge is shared since it is said to improve the organization's competitive advantage. It is further argued in existing literature that leadership, and more specifically the leadership behaviors, play a role in how knowledge is shared within multinational corporations. However, few examples from the international setting exist, which led the authors of this thesis to further explore this area of research. Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore what types of leadership behaviors influence knowledge sharing in a multinational corporation, and how these behaviors impact how leaders share knowledge. Methodology: In order to fulfill the purpose of this thesis and to properly answer the research question a qualitative approach was chosen. The empirical data was collected through a single case study of a Swedish MNC, Alpha, with subsidiaries abroad. The sample consisted of six participants who hold leadership positions within Alpha, and who continuously travel abroad to the subsidiaries in their work assignments. Findings: The authors of this thesis found evidence that leaders working in an international setting, such as an MNC, need to possess certain behaviors found in the description of both transactional and transformational leaders. However, the empirical data contribute to the current body of research by showing that these leaders also need to possess the behavior of cultural awareness, to have a deeper understanding of how the different cultures are represented within an organization.

Background How companies choose to work with for instance sustainability and equality, something that today is known as corporate social responsibility (CSR), is a matter that over the years has become even more important. Contemporary researchers have found an interesting correlation between CSR activities and employee motivation. Provided that, the internal communication and managers play a crucial role in succeeding making CSR-activities increase employee motivation. Therefore, research regarding CEO’s views on CSR and its ability to possibly motivate employees, becomes relevant. Aim The purpose of this study is to contribute with a deeper understanding of CEO’s different interpretations and views on using CSR as a form of motivation for their employees. Furthermore, the study provides empirical knowledge to deeper understand the link between transformational leadership, CSR and employee intrinsic motivation. Methodology The main and only method used to collect data was qualitative semi structured interviews. An abductive approach has been used which has given the authors a chance to shift between theory and empirical evidence during the process. Conclusions All the CEOs in the study agreed on that CSR can be used to motivate employees. The main discovery done is that the interpretation of CSR as something bigger, including both internal and external CSR-activities, positively correlated with the CEO’s attitudes towards using CSR as a means of motivation and its importance for organizations. Furthermore, some of the CEOs argue that transparency and talk and action is crucial both ways to succeed in making CSR programs genuine and effective. As for communication, the transformational CEOs see symmetrical internal communication as key since they highlight the importance of trust and genuinity.

In the fast changing and increasingly competitive world market environment, leadership plays a vital role in bringing out the best of employees and steering an organization to success. Among the many leadership theories developed over the years, transformational leadership (TL) has proven among others to have a positive impact on subordinate satisfaction, motivation, and performance of workers. However, the phenomena of transformational leadership and its effect on jobs satisfaction (JB), work engagement (WE) and employees’ performance (EP) as a whole have not received much research attention in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) especially in the European Union (EU). This thesis investigated the impact of TL in selected SMEs in Germany and Sweden. The results of the 73 participants of the survey revealed that TL has a great impact on EP, JS and WE in SMEs. It was also established that there is a positive correlation between WE and EP. However, the research failed to establish a link between JS and WE and also JS and EP. The research also revealed that the most dominant type of TL style in the SMEs investigated was inspirational motivation.